Reactive Dyes and Acid Dyes Quiz

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Which category of dyes reacts through nucleophilic substitution or addition reactions?

Direct Dyes

Disperse Dyes

Acid Dyes

Reactive Dyes (correct)

What type of dyes are commonly used for protein fibers and nylon?

Basic Dyes

Disperse Dyes

Acid Dyes (correct)

Direct Dyes

Which type of dyes require a carrier to swell the fibers for dye insertion?

Basic Dyes

Acid Dyes

Direct Dyes

Disperse Dyes (correct)

At what temperature are reactive dyes fixed by steaming?

100-150 °C Signup and view all the answers

Which category of dyes is water-soluble but not considered acid dyes?

Direct Dyes Signup and view all the answers

Which type of dyes require the use of a mordant for attaching to fabrics?

Mordant Dyes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSC) in the atmosphere?

Holding NOx and Cl Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following gases is a mild reducing agent and a precursor of weak acid carbon particles?

Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of excessive carbon dioxide levels on water?

Increases its corrosiveness Signup and view all the answers

What role does nitrogen oxides (NOx) play in the Ozone-depleting reservoirs?

Stores reactive/catalytic species Signup and view all the answers

Which pollutant has a distinctive rotten-egg odor and inhibits the cytochrome oxidase system in the body?

Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the atmosphere?

Industrial activities Signup and view all the answers

Which chemical compound is involved in classical smog formation due to its high concentration from coal and vehicle emissions?

Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of releasing hydrogen cyanide (HCN) into water sources?

Harms aquatic life Signup and view all the answers

How does carbon monoxide (CO) primarily affect human health when inhaled?

Leads to cellular asphyxia Signup and view all the answers

In what way do Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSC) contribute to Ozone depletion?

Release stable radicals Signup and view all the answers

What is the critical micelle concentration (CMC) related to?

Surfactants' solubility power Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between surfactants and detergents?

Degradability Signup and view all the answers

How do soap and detergent differ in hard water?

Soap precipitates Signup and view all the answers

What effect can chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides like DDT have?

Thinning of eggshells Signup and view all the answers

Which herbicide is known for being very toxic and having systemic toxicity?

Paraquat Signup and view all the answers

What does paraquat produce that leads to cellular damage?

Superoxide anion Signup and view all the answers

Which group does endosulfan belong to?

Cyclodiene Signup and view all the answers

What is one common use of triazine?

Controlling weeds Signup and view all the answers

'Agent Orange' was infamous for containing which harmful compound?

$ ext{2,3,7,8 Dibenzo dioxin}$ Signup and view all the answers

'Baygon' falls under which category of pesticides?

$ ext{Insecticides}$ Signup and view all the answers

What are nanomaterials commonly used for?

Medicines Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a pharmaceutical pollutant found in water?

Atenolol Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum allowable level of halogenated compounds in water?

80 ppb Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of an estrogenic substance found in wastewater effluents?

Octachlorostyrene Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action for organophosphate insecticides?

Inhibiting acetylcholinesterase Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a natural source of pyrethrins used in insecticide production?

Chrysanthemum flowers Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of MTBE (Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether) in gasoline?

Reduce lead emissions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a priority pollutant according to the Environmental Protection Agency?

Melamine Signup and view all the answers

What is the principal degradation pathway for carbamate insecticides?

Hydrolysis and oxidation Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of ozone when present in the troposphere?

Oxidizes coenzymes like NADP and NADPH Signup and view all the answers

What is the toxicity order of surfactants from highest to lowest?

Cationic < anionic < nonionic Signup and view all the answers

What is the environmental concern associated with nonyl phenol and octyl phenol ethoxylates?

They produce estrogen disrupting substances Signup and view all the answers

What effect can detergents have on the dissolution of oxygen in bodies of water?

Decrease the available oxygen Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pesticide is known for causing thinning of eggshells?

Insecticide Signup and view all the answers

What makes Paraquat a dangerous herbicide?

It can cause toxicity through various routes Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of synthesis builders like chelating agents in surfactants?

Enhance surfactant power by overcoming water hardness Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of organophosphates with regards to enzyme inhibition?

Competition of enzyme Signup and view all the answers

What property of carbamates makes them different from organophosphates in terms of their effect on enzymes?

Reversible effect on enzyme Signup and view all the answers

Why are pyrethroids a popular choice for insecticides?

Synthetic nature Signup and view all the answers

What makes malathion toxic to insects but less toxic to animals?

Detoxifying enzyme presence Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of action of trihalomethanes in water?

Reaction with organic compounds Signup and view all the answers

Which type of compounds extracted from seaweeds have been used as fire retardants?

Brominated compounds Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of surfactants and detergents?

To dissolve nonpolar substances and denature proteins Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about hydrocarbon degradation is true?

Branched hydrocarbons are less easily degraded than linear ones Signup and view all the answers

Which type of surfactant has the highest toxicity ranking?

Cationic Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between surfactants and detergents?

Surfactants contain a carboxylic group, while detergents contain a sulfonate group Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pesticide is known for its high toxicity but short half-life?

Organophosphates Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary route of toxicity for the pesticide paraquat?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pesticides is known for its ability to cause thinning of eggshells?

DDT Signup and view all the answers

Which group of pesticides is produced by the Diels-Alder reaction of hexachlorocyclopentadiene with cyclopentadiene or other substances containing a C-C double bond?

Cyclodiene group Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of action for the herbicide paraquat?

Redox cycling with P-450 reductase, leading to the production of reactive oxygen species Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the herbicide Agent Orange?

It contains the toxic intermediate 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor influencing the concentrations of CO in urban areas?

Density of combustion-engine-powered vehicles Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of carbon monoxide (CO) in the human body?

It binds to hemoglobin, reducing oxygen transport Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of occupational exposure to CO?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reaction involved in the formation of CO during incomplete combustion?

$2C + O_2 \rightarrow 2CO$ Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of adding sulfite (SO_3) to boiler feedwaters?

To prevent corrosion by removing free oxygen Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a reactive oxide of nitrogen found in the troposphere?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which type of dye is known for its high fastness and washing fastness, but is also toxic like chromium?

Mordant dyes Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Schiff's reagent in dyeing?

To stain bacteria Signup and view all the answers

Which type of surfactant is considered the most toxic?

Cationic Signup and view all the answers

What are some of the intermediates of surfactant decomposition that are known as endocrine-disrupting compounds?

Nonylphenol and octylphenol Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of Ozone on fatty acids?

Disrupts the Kreb cycle Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic smell associated with Hydrogen cyanide (HCN)?

Bitter almond smell Signup and view all the answers

How does Carbon monoxide (CO) interact with hemoglobin compared to oxygen?

Interacts 100 times better with hemoglobin Signup and view all the answers

What is a common industrial use of Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)?

Gold extraction Signup and view all the answers

How is Carbon dioxide (CO2) used in water treatment processes?

To reduce water hardness Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable characteristic of Oxygen (O2) mentioned in the text?

It is a toxic gas for humans Signup and view all the answers

Which gas can be produced from the decomposition of nitric acid?

$NO_2$ Signup and view all the answers

What role does Sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$) play in relation to historical statues?

It destroys statues made from calcium carbonate Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Mordant dyes from other types mentioned in the text?

They are cationic in nature Signup and view all the answers

How do Disperse dyes differ from Vat dyes based on their solubility?

Disperse dyes are nonpolar while Vat dyes are also nonpolar Signup and view all the answers

Reactive Dyes and Acid Dyes Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which category of dyes reacts through nucleophilic substitution or addition reactions?

What type of dyes are commonly used for protein fibers and nylon?

Which type of dyes require a carrier to swell the fibers for dye insertion?

At what temperature are reactive dyes fixed by steaming?

Which category of dyes is water-soluble but not considered acid dyes?

Which type of dyes require the use of a mordant for attaching to fabrics?

What is the primary function of Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSC) in the atmosphere?

Which of the following gases is a mild reducing agent and a precursor of weak acid carbon particles?

What is the primary effect of excessive carbon dioxide levels on water?

What role does nitrogen oxides (NOx) play in the Ozone-depleting reservoirs?

Which pollutant has a distinctive rotten-egg odor and inhibits the cytochrome oxidase system in the body?

What is the primary source of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the atmosphere?

Which chemical compound is involved in classical smog formation due to its high concentration from coal and vehicle emissions?

What is a potential consequence of releasing hydrogen cyanide (HCN) into water sources?

How does carbon monoxide (CO) primarily affect human health when inhaled?

In what way do Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSC) contribute to Ozone depletion?

What is the critical micelle concentration (CMC) related to?

What is the difference between surfactants and detergents?

How do soap and detergent differ in hard water?

What effect can chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides like DDT have?

Which herbicide is known for being very toxic and having systemic toxicity?

What does paraquat produce that leads to cellular damage?

Which group does endosulfan belong to?

What is one common use of triazine?

'Agent Orange' was infamous for containing which harmful compound?

'Baygon' falls under which category of pesticides?

What are nanomaterials commonly used for?

Which of the following is an example of a pharmaceutical pollutant found in water?

What is the maximum allowable level of halogenated compounds in water?

Which of the following is NOT an example of an estrogenic substance found in wastewater effluents?

What is the mechanism of action for organophosphate insecticides?

Which of the following is a natural source of pyrethrins used in insecticide production?

What is the purpose of MTBE (Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether) in gasoline?

Which of the following is NOT a priority pollutant according to the Environmental Protection Agency?

What is the principal degradation pathway for carbamate insecticides?

What is the effect of ozone when present in the troposphere?

What is the toxicity order of surfactants from highest to lowest?

What is the environmental concern associated with nonyl phenol and octyl phenol ethoxylates?

What effect can detergents have on the dissolution of oxygen in bodies of water?

Which type of pesticide is known for causing thinning of eggshells?

What makes Paraquat a dangerous herbicide?

What is the purpose of synthesis builders like chelating agents in surfactants?

What is the mechanism of action of organophosphates with regards to enzyme inhibition?

What property of carbamates makes them different from organophosphates in terms of their effect on enzymes?

Why are pyrethroids a popular choice for insecticides?

What makes malathion toxic to insects but less toxic to animals?

What is the primary method of action of trihalomethanes in water?

Which type of compounds extracted from seaweeds have been used as fire retardants?

What is the primary purpose of surfactants and detergents?

Which of the following statements about hydrocarbon degradation is true?

Which type of surfactant has the highest toxicity ranking?

What is the main difference between surfactants and detergents?

Which type of pesticide is known for its high toxicity but short half-life?

What is the primary route of toxicity for the pesticide paraquat?

Which of the following pesticides is known for its ability to cause thinning of eggshells?

Which group of pesticides is produced by the Diels-Alder reaction of hexachlorocyclopentadiene with cyclopentadiene or other substances containing a C-C double bond?

What is the primary mode of action for the herbicide paraquat?

Which of the following is a characteristic of the herbicide Agent Orange?

What is the primary factor influencing the concentrations of CO in urban areas?

What is the mechanism of action of carbon monoxide (CO) in the human body?

What is the primary source of occupational exposure to CO?

What is the primary reaction involved in the formation of CO during incomplete combustion?

What is the purpose of adding sulfite (SO_3) to boiler feedwaters?

Which of the following is a reactive oxide of nitrogen found in the troposphere?

Which type of dye is known for its high fastness and washing fastness, but is also toxic like chromium?

What is the purpose of the Schiff's reagent in dyeing?

Which type of surfactant is considered the most toxic?

What are some of the intermediates of surfactant decomposition that are known as endocrine-disrupting compounds?

What is the effect of Ozone on fatty acids?

What is the characteristic smell associated with Hydrogen cyanide (HCN)?

How does Carbon monoxide (CO) interact with hemoglobin compared to oxygen?

What is a common industrial use of Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)?

How is Carbon dioxide (CO2) used in water treatment processes?

What is a notable characteristic of Oxygen (O2) mentioned in the text?

Which gas can be produced from the decomposition of nitric acid?

What role does Sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$) play in relation to historical statues?

What distinguishes Mordant dyes from other types mentioned in the text?