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Questions and Answers
Which color is observed when dilute hydrochloric acid is added to the mixture of hexane and aqueous sodium chlorate(I)?
Which color is observed when dilute hydrochloric acid is added to the mixture of hexane and aqueous sodium chlorate(I)?
Why does the pale green color move to the upper layer in the mixture after shaking with hydrochloric acid?
Why does the pale green color move to the upper layer in the mixture after shaking with hydrochloric acid?
In the reaction with bromine, what type of product is typically formed from cyclohexane?
In the reaction with bromine, what type of product is typically formed from cyclohexane?
What is the shape of carbon atoms in a cyclohexane molecule?
What is the shape of carbon atoms in a cyclohexane molecule?
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Why is the mechanism of the reaction between bromine and cyclohexane likely to produce a mixture of organic products?
Why is the mechanism of the reaction between bromine and cyclohexane likely to produce a mixture of organic products?
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What is a potential danger of incomplete combustion when using butane as a fuel in portable heaters?
What is a potential danger of incomplete combustion when using butane as a fuel in portable heaters?
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What type of fission occurs in the initiation step of the reaction between bromine and cyclohexane?
What type of fission occurs in the initiation step of the reaction between bromine and cyclohexane?
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In the reaction between cyclohexane and bromine, what is the molecular formula of the product formed in the presence of ultraviolet radiation?
In the reaction between cyclohexane and bromine, what is the molecular formula of the product formed in the presence of ultraviolet radiation?
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Which structural isomer of $C_6H_{10}Br_2$ is formed in the reaction between cyclohexane and bromine?
Which structural isomer of $C_6H_{10}Br_2$ is formed in the reaction between cyclohexane and bromine?
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What is the shape of carbon atoms in cyclohexane?
What is the shape of carbon atoms in cyclohexane?
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What type of compounds are formed when cyclohexane reacts with bromine?
What type of compounds are formed when cyclohexane reacts with bromine?
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In the reaction between hexane and chlorine, which type of fission is most likely to occur in the propagation step?
In the reaction between hexane and chlorine, which type of fission is most likely to occur in the propagation step?
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What is the name of the mechanism for the reaction between compounds A, B, and C with chlorine in the presence of ultraviolet radiation?
What is the name of the mechanism for the reaction between compounds A, B, and C with chlorine in the presence of ultraviolet radiation?
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How many structural isomers of C5H11Cl could be formed from the reaction of chlorine with compound A?
How many structural isomers of C5H11Cl could be formed from the reaction of chlorine with compound A?
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What is the molar mass of compound D, which is formed from the reaction of compound A with excess chlorine?
What is the molar mass of compound D, which is formed from the reaction of compound A with excess chlorine?
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What are the conditions required for the reaction of propanoic acid with chlorine to form 2-chloropropanoic acid?
What are the conditions required for the reaction of propanoic acid with chlorine to form 2-chloropropanoic acid?
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Why is the first step in the mechanism for the reaction of propanoic acid with chlorine an example of homolytic fission?
Why is the first step in the mechanism for the reaction of propanoic acid with chlorine an example of homolytic fission?
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Study Notes
Chemical Reactions and Observations
- Dilute hydrochloric acid added to a hexane and aqueous sodium chlorate(I) mixture produces a pale green color.
- The pale green color rises to the upper layer after shaking due to the solubility of the compounds in the organic phase, where the hexane is present.
Cyclohexane Reactions
- The reaction between cyclohexane and bromine typically results in the formation of brominated organic products, which may include a mixture of structural isomers.
- Cyclohexane has carbon atoms arranged in a non-planar, chair conformation, allowing for stable bonding angles.
Reaction Mechanisms and Products
- The bromine-cyclohexane reaction likely produces a mixture of products due to multiple substitution sites on cyclohexane leading to different brominated derivatives.
- Incomplete combustion of butane in portable heaters poses a potential danger of producing carbon monoxide, a toxic gas.
Fission Types in Chemical Reactions
- In the initiation step of the cyclohexane-bromine reaction, homolytic fission occurs, resulting in the formation of bromine radicals.
- During the propagation step of the hexane and chlorine reaction, homolytic fission is also most likely, facilitating radical chain reactions.
Specific Chemical Formulas and Isomers
- The product formed from the cyclohexane and bromine reaction under ultraviolet radiation has the molecular formula C6H10Br2.
- A structural isomer of C6H10Br2 can result from differing arrangements of atoms in the bromination process.
Reactivity with Chlorine
- When reacting with chlorine, the mechanism involving compounds A, B, and C in the presence of ultraviolet radiation is called free radical substitution.
- The reaction of chlorine with compound A can yield several structural isomers of C5H11Cl due to possible variations in carbon arrangement.
Molar Mass and Reaction Conditions
- Compound D formed from the reaction of compound A with excess chlorine has a specific molar mass determined by the molecular changes during the reaction.
- The reaction of propanoic acid with chlorine to form 2-chloropropanoic acid requires a photochemical initiation step under UV light.
- The initial step of the reaction with propanoic acid exemplifies homolytic fission, producing radicals necessary for subsequent reactions.
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Description
This quiz requires completing a table showing the mechanism of the reaction between bromine and cyclohexane to form C6H11Br, including all possible termination steps. You need to identify and include initiation and propagation steps in the equation provided.
