5 Questions
Explain why a CH3 group directs electrophilic attack ortho and para to itself in substituted benzenes.
An electron-donating inductive effect stabilizes the carbocation intermediate.
Why does an NH2 group direct electrophilic attack ortho and para to itself in substituted benzenes?
The NH2 group directs electrophilic attack ortho and para to itself because the carbocation intermediate has additional resonance stabilization.
What is the reason for meta attack occurring with the NO2 group (and all meta directors) in substituted benzenes?
Meta attack occurs because attack at the ortho and para position gives a destabilized carbocation intermediate.
What are the key factors determining the orientation effects in electrophilic aromatic substitution in substituted benzenes?
The key factors are the inductive effect, resonance stabilization, and the stability of the carbocation intermediate.
Explain the concept of electrophilic aromatic substitution and the role of different substituents in directing the orientation of the reaction.
Electrophilic aromatic substitution is a reaction where an electrophile substitutes for a hydrogen atom on an aromatic ring. Different substituents direct the orientation of the reaction based on their inductive effect, resonance stabilization, and the stability of the carbocation intermediate.
Test your knowledge of reaction mechanisms with this quiz on reaction animations at the orbital level. The quiz covers topics such as electrophilic aromatic reactions and reaction mechanisms.
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