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Questions and Answers
¿Qué ley establece que la masa total de los reactivos debe ser igual a la masa total de los productos en una reacción química?
¿Qué factor generalmente aumenta la velocidad de una reacción química?
¿Qué tipo de reacción libera calor al entorno?
¿Qué ocurre en una reacción endotérmica?
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¿Qué factor disminuye la velocidad de una reacción química?
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¿Qué tipo de reacción química implica la formación de un compuesto a partir de sustancias más simples?
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¿Qué tipo de reacción química involucra romper los enlaces químicos de un compuesto en sustancias más simples?
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¿Qué tipo de reacción química implica que un átomo o ion en un compuesto reemplace a otro átomo o ion en otro compuesto?
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¿Qué proceso se utiliza para asegurar que el número de átomos de cada elemento sea el mismo en ambos lados de una ecuación química?
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¿Qué tipo de reacción química implica la formación de un compuesto a partir de sustancias más simples?
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Study Notes
Chemical Reactions
Overview
A chemical reaction occurs when the chemical bonds between atoms are either formed or broken, resulting in a change in the composition of substances involved. Chemical reactions involve reactants, which are the substances that enter into the reaction, and products, which are the substances formed after the reaction is complete. An arrow denotes the direction of the chemical reaction, although it is not always a one-way process.
Types of Reactions
There are three main types of chemical reactions:
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Synthesis reactions: Also known as combination reactions, these involve the formation of a compound from simpler substances. For example, the combination of hydrogen and oxygen to form water.
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Decomposition reactions: These reactions involve the breaking of chemical bonds of a compound into simpler substances. For example, the decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen.
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Single displacement reactions: In these reactions, an atom or ion in one compound replaces an atom or ion in another compound. For example, the replacement of zinc (Zn) by copper (Cu) in copper zincate (Cu_{2}Zn(OH)_{4}).
Balancing Equations
Balancing chemical equations involves ensuring that the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation. Coefficients can be used to achieve this balance. Equations must be balanced according to the law of conservation of mass, which states that the total mass of the reactants must be equal to the total mass of the products.
Reaction Rates
The rate of a chemical reaction describes how quickly a reaction takes place. Several factors can affect reaction rates, such as temperature, concentration of reactants, and surface area exposed. Generally, increasing the temperature raises the reaction rate, while decreasing concentration and reducing the surface area slow down the reaction.
Exothermic vs Endothermic Reactions
Exothermic reactions release heat, while endothermic reactions absorb heat. In an exothermic reaction, the reactants lose energy and become more stable, releasing heat to the surroundings. In contrast, an endothermic reaction requires energy input from the environment to proceed, as the reactants gain energy and become less stable.
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Description
Aprende sobre los diferentes tipos de reacciones químicas, como las reacciones de síntesis, de descomposición y de desplazamiento simple. Además, descubre cómo equilibrar ecuaciones químicas y entender las velocidades de reacción, así como las diferencias entre reacciones exotérmicas y endotérmicas.
