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What is the primary purpose of agriculture as defined in the content?
What is the primary purpose of agriculture as defined in the content?
What is the primary function of xylem in plants?
What is the primary function of xylem in plants?
Which of the following is a branch of agriculture that deals specifically with the breeding and care of animals?
Which of the following is a branch of agriculture that deals specifically with the breeding and care of animals?
In CAM plants, when do the pores open to absorb CO2?
In CAM plants, when do the pores open to absorb CO2?
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What does the term 'binomial nomenclature' refer to in botanical classification?
What does the term 'binomial nomenclature' refer to in botanical classification?
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In the classification system for fruits, which type is described as originating from one flower but having multiple ovaries?
In the classification system for fruits, which type is described as originating from one flower but having multiple ovaries?
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What is the major organ responsible for photosynthesis in plants?
What is the major organ responsible for photosynthesis in plants?
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Which of the following stages of cellular respiration occurs in the cytoplasm?
Which of the following stages of cellular respiration occurs in the cytoplasm?
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What are agronomic crops primarily grown for?
What are agronomic crops primarily grown for?
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What is the main role of the mitochondria in plant cells?
What is the main role of the mitochondria in plant cells?
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Which climatic factor is NOT mentioned as affecting crop growth and yield?
Which climatic factor is NOT mentioned as affecting crop growth and yield?
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Which component of a plant cell is responsible for the rigid structure?
Which component of a plant cell is responsible for the rigid structure?
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What is a catch crop?
What is a catch crop?
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Which branch of horticulture deals specifically with the production of fruits?
Which branch of horticulture deals specifically with the production of fruits?
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In which part of the cell does the Krebs Cycle take place?
In which part of the cell does the Krebs Cycle take place?
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What is the primary function of ribosomes in plant cells?
What is the primary function of ribosomes in plant cells?
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What is the purpose of a trap crop?
What is the purpose of a trap crop?
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What role do cover crops play in agriculture?
What role do cover crops play in agriculture?
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Which family does the soybean belong to?
Which family does the soybean belong to?
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How does respiration rate change with temperature?
How does respiration rate change with temperature?
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What is the primary purpose of green manure?
What is the primary purpose of green manure?
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What common function do xylem and phloem serve in plants?
What common function do xylem and phloem serve in plants?
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What does globalization primarily refer to in the context of agriculture?
What does globalization primarily refer to in the context of agriculture?
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What type of plant classification does Oryza sativa belong to?
What type of plant classification does Oryza sativa belong to?
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Study Notes
Agriculture
- Derived from Latin words ager (land/field) and cultura (cultivation)
- Science and art of producing crops and livestock for economic purposes
- Utilizes natural resources of the earth
- Branches include crop science, animal husbandry, veterinary, agricultural engineering, fisheries, agricultural economics, and agro-forestry
Branches of Agriculture
- Crop science
- Animal husbandry
- Veterinary
- Agricultural engineering
- Fisheries
- Agricultural economics
- Agro-forestry
Evolution of Agriculture
- Primary/Primitive Stage
- Hunting/Old Stone Stage
- Fire/New Stone Stage
- Animal Domestication Stage
- Crop Production Stage
- Pre-colonial
- Colonial
- Post-War
Botanical System
- Classification system groups organisms from largest to smallest
- Kingdom
- Phylum/Division
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- Species
Naming Systems
- Carl Linnaeus created a binomial naming system (genus-species) for plants and animals
- Essential for classifying organisms
Agronomic Crops
- Grown on large scales for food, fiber, and other goods.
- Grains/Cereals
- Legumes
- Fibers
- Forage
- Root and tubers
- Industrial processing-crops
Horticultural Crops
- Cultivated for food, medicinal, or aesthetic value
- Branches of horticulture:
- Vegetables.
Crop Production
- Catch crops: Short-season crops grown after a failed main crop to utilize residual resources
- Soilage: Grasses cut and directly fed to animals
- Silage: Fermented and preserved grasses fed to animals
- Companion crops: Crops grown together to provide benefits like pest control or soil fertility
- Trap crops: Crops planted to attract pests, away from the main crop
- Green manure: Crops plowed under to improve soil
Classification of Fruits
- Simple
- Composite/Multiple
- Aggregate
Climatic Factors affecting Crop Growth
- Light
- Rainfall
- Temperature
Biotechnology
- Application of indigenous/scientific knowledge in managing microorganisms or their parts
- Used for medical, agricultural, industrial, and environmental purposes
Globalization
- Integrates world economies through communication, market liberalization, and production of goods.
RA 8435
- Modernizes the agricultural sector.
Plant Parts
- Xylem: Transports water and minerals from roots to leaves.
- Phloem: Transports nutrients from leaves to other parts of the plant
- CAM plants: Save water by opening pores at night to absorb CO2 and storing it for release during the day
Photosynthesis
- C4 plants-Photosynthesis takes place in mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.
- Respiration-chemical energy released from stored food.
Cellular Respiration
- Glycolysis
- Krebs Cycle (TCA)
Plant Cell Parts
- Cell wall
- Plasma membrane
- Cytoplasm/Cytosol
- Nucleus
- Ribosomes
- Endoplasmic reticulum (smooth/rough)
- Golgi Complex
- Mitochondria
- Chloroplast
- Plastids
- Peroxisomes
- Lysosomes
- Vacuoles
- Cytoskeleton
- Microtubules
- Plasmodesmata
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