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RCT Study Design and Confounding in Observational Studies

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RCT Study Design and Confounding in Observational Studies

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of using a pre-randomization run-in period in a clinical trial?

To increase the duration of the study

To introduce a placebo or active drug

To maintain blinding and maximize compliance (correct)

To reduce the sample size

What is a major advantage of a randomized cross-over design?

It takes shorter duration than parallel-group studies

It requires a larger sample size

Each subject acts as his or her own control (correct)

It is more expensive than parallel-group studies

Why should non-randomized and non-controlled trials be avoided?

Because they are time-consuming

Because they require a larger sample size

Because of the increased likelihood of bias and confounding (correct)

Because they are expensive

What is a characteristic of a quasi-experimental design?

Participants are assigned to a study condition using a nonrandom but systematic procedure Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of an RCT design?

It has high internal validity Signup and view all the answers

What is a drawback of an RCT design?

It is time- and energy-intensive Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of concealment in an RCT?

To reduce selection bias Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of an RCT?

It cannot be used for rare outcomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the key methodological component of an RCT?

Both use of a control condition and random assignment of participants to conditions Signup and view all the answers

Why is random assignment of participants to conditions important in an RCT?