Toothpaste quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a primary concern when using toothpastes with increased abrasive action?

  • They enhance the whitening effect significantly.
  • They may cause sensitivity in some individuals. (correct)
  • They prevent stain formation completely.
  • They are effective in removing established calculus.

What agents are claimed to interfere with the mineralization of plaque?

  • Charcoal and Silica
  • Carbamide Peroxide and Sodium Bicarbonate
  • Optical brighteners and Abrasives
  • Calcium Pyrophosphates and Sodium Hexametaphosphate (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a method used by whitening toothpastes?

  • Additional abrasive action
  • Use of fluoride (correct)
  • Removal of stain by proteolytic enzymes
  • Optical brightening effects

What is a common misconception about anti-calculus agents?

<p>They can significantly reduce calculus formation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When considering recommendations for toothpaste, what is an important factor?

<p>The RDA value of the product (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary active ingredient commonly found in toothpastes that helps prevent dental decay?

<p>Fluoride (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ingredients might be harmful if swallowed in large amounts?

<p>Fluoride (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Toothpaste serves multiple functions, which does NOT represent one of its main functions?

<p>Whitening teeth permanently (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was commonly included in the tooth powders used during 19th Century Britain?

<p>Pulverised brick (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor may influence a patient's choice of toothpaste the most?

<p>Advertising and marketing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ingredient in toothpaste helps to remove superficial staining?

<p>Abrasive agents (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the challenges faced by consumers when selecting toothpaste?

<p>Complexity of ingredients (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about toothpaste is TRUE?

<p>Toothpaste should be selected based on individual patient needs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ingredient is primarily responsible for preventing contamination in toothpaste?

<p>Alcohol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of humectants in toothpaste?

<p>To retain moisture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a commonly used sweetener in toothpastes?

<p>Sorbitol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ingredient helps make toothpaste more palatable?

<p>Flavorings (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of polishing agents in toothpaste?

<p>Remove stains and control plaque (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which active ingredient is most commonly found in toothpaste?

<p>Fluoride (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of adding fluoride to toothpaste?

<p>To reduce acid erosion and encourage remineralization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is classified as a coloring agent in toothpaste?

<p>Chlorophyll (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ingredient is typically NOT a component of toothpastes?

<p>Sapropel (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of sweeteners used in toothpaste is highlighted in the content?

<p>They are non-fermentable sugars (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary functions of fluoride in toothpaste?

<p>Prevent caries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category includes ingredients that help to hold the components of toothpaste together?

<p>Emulsifier/Binding agents (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do humectants play in toothpaste formulation?

<p>Prevent drying out (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical percentage range of detergent/foaming agents in toothpaste?

<p>1-2% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a commonly used detergent in toothpaste?

<p>Sodium Lauryl Sulphate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these functions is NOT associated with the active constituents of toothpaste?

<p>Hold ingredients together (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage range for humectants in toothpaste?

<p>10-30% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is responsible for preventing gingival inflammation in toothpaste?

<p>Antimicrobials (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What potential issue can arise from the use of certain foaming agents in toothpaste?

<p>Dryness and irritation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the function of whitening agents in toothpaste?

<p>Remove stains (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended fluoride concentration for children aged 3-6 years?

<p>1350 - 1500 p.p.m (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fluoride compound is NOT mentioned as being used in toothpaste?

<p>Sodium Chloride (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of adding desensitizing agents to toothpaste?

<p>To reduce dentine sensitivity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an anti-plaque agent in toothpaste?

<p>Sodium Ricioleate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What technique is advised for using fluoride toothpaste?

<p>Use a spit and don’t rinse technique (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fluoride concentration that may be prescribed for very high-risk adults?

<p>5000 p.p.m (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which agent is commonly used for whitening in toothpaste?

<p>Hydrogen Peroxide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age should children begin using toothpaste with fluoride concentrations over 1000 p.p.m?

<p>0-3 years (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances is believed to help prevent the proliferation of bacteria in plaque?

<p>TRICLOSAN (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of whitening agents in commercially available toothpaste?

<p>Superficial stain removal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Toothpaste function

Toothpaste cleans teeth, maintains oral health, and removes plaque, food, and superficial stains.

Toothpaste ingredients

Toothpaste contains active ingredients (like fluoride) and non-active ingredients to aid in cleaning and preventing decay/gum disease.

Active ingredients (toothpaste)

Active ingredients in toothpaste help prevent tooth decay and gum disease.

Non-active ingredients (toothpaste)

Non-active ingredients in toothpaste aid in cleaning and other functions, such as taste or texture.

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Toothpaste history

Toothpaste use dates back to ancient times and evolved into the various types we see today.

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Toothpaste variations

Different types of toothpaste are available catering to varied needs and preferences.

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Patient toothpaste choice

Patient choices of toothpaste are influenced by advertising, personal preferences, recommendations, and professional guidance.

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Health professional's role (toothpaste)

Health professionals should keep up-to-date with toothpaste trends and recommend suitable products for patients based on individual needs.

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Toothpaste Active Ingredients

Substances that directly fight cavities, plaque, gum inflammation, and tooth sensitivity.

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Toothpaste Non-Active Ingredients

Ingredients that provide a smooth texture, moisture, and stability to the toothpaste.

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Emulsifiers/Binding agents

Hold the toothpaste together, preventing separation and maintaining stability.

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Detergents/Foaming agents

Create the foam, help remove debris, and distribute the paste in your mouth.

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Humectants

Maintain moisture in toothpaste and prevent it from drying out.

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Fluoride

Reduces cavities.

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Plaque removal

Important in oral hygiene and preventing gum issues.

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Gingival inflammation

Inflammation of the gums.

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Desensitizing agents

Reduces tooth sensitivity.

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Whitening agents

Improve the appearance of teeth.

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Preservatives

Chemicals added to toothpaste to prevent bacterial growth and extend shelf life.

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Sweeteners

Non-fermentable sugars that sweeten the paste, improve taste, and mask other flavors.

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Flavourings

Ingredients added to mask unpleasant tastes and improve the overall taste of the toothpaste.

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Coloring Agents

Dyes added to toothpaste to enhance its visual appeal.

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Polishing agents/Abrasives

Mildly abrasive substances that help remove surface stains and polish teeth.

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How does fluoride work?

Fluoride makes tooth enamel more resistant to acid attacks and promotes remineralization of weakened areas.

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What is the purpose of active ingredients?

Active ingredients provide specific benefits, like preventing cavities or reducing sensitivity.

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Why are non-active ingredients used?

Non-active ingredients contribute to the texture, consistency, flavor, and overall effectiveness of the toothpaste.

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Whitening Toothpastes

Toothpastes designed to make teeth appear whiter, using methods like optical brightening, stain removal by enzymes, or gentle abrasion.

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Abrasive Agents in Toothpastes

Ingredients like charcoal, baking soda, or silica that physically scrub away stains, but can increase tooth sensitivity.

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Anti-Calculus Toothpastes

Toothpastes containing agents like pyrophosphates or hexametaphosphate that aim to prevent tartar build-up by interfering with mineralisation.

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RDA Value

Relative Dentin Abrasion - a measurement used to assess the abrasiveness of toothpaste and determine its potential to wear down tooth enamel.

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SLS-Free Toothpastes

Toothpastes that do not contain Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS), a common foaming agent that can irritate some individuals.

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Fluoride Types in Toothpaste

There are three main types of fluoride used in toothpastes: Sodium Monofluorphosphate (MFP), Sodium Fluoride (NaF), and Stannous Fluoride (SnF2).

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Low Fluoride Toothpaste

Toothpastes with fluoride concentration below 1000 ppm (parts per million) are not recommended for most individuals.

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Fluoride Concentration for Children

Children aged 0-3 years should use a smear of toothpaste with over 1000 ppm fluoride, while children aged 3-6 years should use a pea-sized amount with 1350-1500 ppm.

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Fluoride Concentration for Adults

Adults over 6 years old should use a toothpaste with 1350-1500 ppm fluoride. Individuals over 10 years or with high risk might need a toothpaste with 2800 ppm, and very high risk adults might be prescribed toothpaste with 5000 ppm.

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Spit and Don't Rinse Technique

After brushing with fluoride toothpaste, it's recommended to spit out the toothpaste and avoid rinsing with water immediately.

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Dentine Sensitivity

Dentine sensitivity is a common dental problem affecting over 50% of adults, causing pain when exposed to hot, cold, or sweet substances.

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Desensitising Agents in Toothpaste

Toothpastes often contain desensitising agents like Strontium Chloride, Potassium Chloride, Potassium Nitrate, Sodium Citrate, Strontium Acetate, and Calcium Sodium Phosphosilicate (Novamin) to help with sensitivity.

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Anti-plaque/Antimicrobial Agents in Toothpaste

Toothpastes may include anti-plaque/antimicrobial agents like Triclosan to reduce the formation and development of plaque by inhibiting bacterial growth.

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Whitening in Toothpaste

Whitening agents in toothpaste can have limited effect, primarily removing superficial stains. For significant teeth whitening, a dental professional should perform bleaching procedures.

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Toothpaste's Role in Oral Health

Toothpaste, combined with regular brushing and flossing, plays a vital role in maintaining good oral hygiene by removing plaque, preventing cavities, and reducing gum disease.

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Study Notes

Toothpastes

  • Aim: To understand toothpaste components and their role in patient care.
  • Intended Learning Outcomes:
    • Understand toothpaste functions.
    • Appreciate various non-active ingredients.
    • Explore active ingredients and their role in patient care.
  • What is a Toothpaste?:
    • A paste/gel dentifrice used with a toothbrush for oral hygiene.
    • Contains abrasives to remove plaque, food, and superficial stains.
    • Aids in removing halitosis.
    • Delivers active ingredients (often fluoride) to prevent tooth decay and gum disease.
    • Salt and baking soda can be used as alternatives to commercial toothpaste.
    • Large amounts swallowed can be toxic.
  • History of Toothpastes:
    • General use started in 19th-century Britain as tooth powders.
    • Use dates back to Ancient Egypt and Rome.
    • Early tooth powders in Victorian Britain contained salt, pulverized brick, chalk, and coal.
  • Toothpaste Evolution:
    • Toothpastes have evolved significantly with many varieties appearing on the market.
    • This evolution is ongoing.
  • Toothpaste Market Confusion:
    • Public and patients find the toothpaste market confusing due to advertising or friend/family advice.
  • Health Care Professionals' Role:
    • As health care professionals, it's crucial to stay updated on toothpaste market trends to best advise patients.
  • Functions of Toothpaste:
    • Prevent and reduce caries by applying fluoride.
    • Remove plaque and superficial stain.
    • Prevent gingival inflammation with antimicrobials.
    • Desensitize teeth with desensitizing agents.
    • Improve appearance with whitening agents.
    • Improve breath.
    • Improve the toothbrushing experience.
  • Toothpaste Constituents:
    • Active and non-active ingredients.

Non-Active Constituents

  • Emulsifier/Binding agents (1-5%):
    • Hold ingredients together.
    • Prevent separation during storage.
    • Increase stability and extend shelf life.
    • Examples: Carrageenates, Alginates, Carboxymethyl cellulose, Colloidal Silica, Acacia gum.
  • Detergents/Foaming agents (1-2%):
    • Produce the bubbly foam.
    • Aid in loosening debris.
    • Distribute toothpaste.
    • Can cause dryness in some.
    • Examples: Sodium Lauryl Sulphate, Sodium N-lauryl Sarcosinate.
  • Humectants (10-30%):
    • Keep toothpaste moist and prevent hardening.
    • Examples: Water, Glycerin, and Propylene glycol.
  • Preservatives (0.05-1%):
    • Prevent bacterial contamination.
    • Maintain product purity.
    • Examples: Alcohol, Benzoates, Phenols.
  • Sweeteners:
    • Non-fermentable sugars to give taste and mask undesirable taste.
    • Examples: Sorbitol, Saccharin, Xylitol.
  • Flavourings:
    • Mask other ingredient tastes (especially detergents).
    • Make toothpaste palatable.
    • Examples: Peppermint, Spearmint, Aniseed, Eucalyptus, Lemon, Menthol, Wintergreen
  • Colouring agents:
    • Make the paste more appealing visually.
    • Examples: Chlorophyll, Titanium Dioxide.
  • Polishing agents/Abrasives (20-40%):
    • Provide mild abrasive action on teeth.
    • Help control and remove superficial stains.
    • Examples: Calcium carbonate, Dicalcium phosphate, Silica particles, Sodium Chloride, Zirconium silicate, Calcium pyrophosphate, Hydrated Alumina.

Active Constituents

  • Active Ingredients:
    • Improve toothpaste efficacy
  • Fluoride:
    • Most common active ingredient (over 95%).
    • Used to prevent caries.
    • Encourages remineralization.
    • Types: Sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP), Sodium fluoride (NaF), Stannous fluoride (SnF2).
    • Recommended dosages based on age are included in the slides.
  • Desensitizing agents:
    • Relieve dentine sensitivity
    • Used in toothpastes to address dentine sensitivity (common in adults, over 50%).
    • Examples: Strontium chloride, Potassium chloride, Potassium nitrate, Sodium citrate, Strontium acetate, Calcium sodium phosphosilicate (Novamin).
  • Anti-plaque/antimicrobial agents:
    • Reduce plaque growth and development
    • Examples: Triclosan, Zinc citrate trihydrate, Chlorhexidine, Sodium ricinoleate.
  • Whitening agents:
    • Minimal effects, often merely remove superficial stains.
    • More effective whitening techniques often provided by dental professionals.
    • Examples: Charcoal, Sodium bicarbonate, Silica, Carbamide Peroxide.
  • Anti-calculus (anti-tartar) agents:
    • Reduce calculus formation, but largely ineffective on existing deposits.
    • Examples: Calcium pyrophosphates, Sodium hexametaphosphate.
  • Class Work:
    • Investigate relative dentine abrasion (RDA) values.
    • Identify SLS-free products and suitable use cases.
    • Examine Natural/Herbal toothpaste options and fluoride content.
    • Consider factors when recommending toothpastes to patients.

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