Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a primary concern when using toothpastes with increased abrasive action?
What is a primary concern when using toothpastes with increased abrasive action?
What agents are claimed to interfere with the mineralization of plaque?
What agents are claimed to interfere with the mineralization of plaque?
Which of the following is NOT a method used by whitening toothpastes?
Which of the following is NOT a method used by whitening toothpastes?
What is a common misconception about anti-calculus agents?
What is a common misconception about anti-calculus agents?
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When considering recommendations for toothpaste, what is an important factor?
When considering recommendations for toothpaste, what is an important factor?
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What is the primary active ingredient commonly found in toothpastes that helps prevent dental decay?
What is the primary active ingredient commonly found in toothpastes that helps prevent dental decay?
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Which of the following ingredients might be harmful if swallowed in large amounts?
Which of the following ingredients might be harmful if swallowed in large amounts?
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Toothpaste serves multiple functions, which does NOT represent one of its main functions?
Toothpaste serves multiple functions, which does NOT represent one of its main functions?
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What was commonly included in the tooth powders used during 19th Century Britain?
What was commonly included in the tooth powders used during 19th Century Britain?
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Which factor may influence a patient's choice of toothpaste the most?
Which factor may influence a patient's choice of toothpaste the most?
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Which ingredient in toothpaste helps to remove superficial staining?
Which ingredient in toothpaste helps to remove superficial staining?
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What is one of the challenges faced by consumers when selecting toothpaste?
What is one of the challenges faced by consumers when selecting toothpaste?
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Which of the following statements about toothpaste is TRUE?
Which of the following statements about toothpaste is TRUE?
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Which ingredient is primarily responsible for preventing contamination in toothpaste?
Which ingredient is primarily responsible for preventing contamination in toothpaste?
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What is the main function of humectants in toothpaste?
What is the main function of humectants in toothpaste?
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Which of the following is a commonly used sweetener in toothpastes?
Which of the following is a commonly used sweetener in toothpastes?
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Which ingredient helps make toothpaste more palatable?
Which ingredient helps make toothpaste more palatable?
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What is the role of polishing agents in toothpaste?
What is the role of polishing agents in toothpaste?
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Which active ingredient is most commonly found in toothpaste?
Which active ingredient is most commonly found in toothpaste?
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What is the primary benefit of adding fluoride to toothpaste?
What is the primary benefit of adding fluoride to toothpaste?
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Which of the following is classified as a coloring agent in toothpaste?
Which of the following is classified as a coloring agent in toothpaste?
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Which ingredient is typically NOT a component of toothpastes?
Which ingredient is typically NOT a component of toothpastes?
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What characteristic of sweeteners used in toothpaste is highlighted in the content?
What characteristic of sweeteners used in toothpaste is highlighted in the content?
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What is one of the primary functions of fluoride in toothpaste?
What is one of the primary functions of fluoride in toothpaste?
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Which category includes ingredients that help to hold the components of toothpaste together?
Which category includes ingredients that help to hold the components of toothpaste together?
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What role do humectants play in toothpaste formulation?
What role do humectants play in toothpaste formulation?
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What is the typical percentage range of detergent/foaming agents in toothpaste?
What is the typical percentage range of detergent/foaming agents in toothpaste?
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Which of the following is an example of a commonly used detergent in toothpaste?
Which of the following is an example of a commonly used detergent in toothpaste?
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Which of these functions is NOT associated with the active constituents of toothpaste?
Which of these functions is NOT associated with the active constituents of toothpaste?
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What is the percentage range for humectants in toothpaste?
What is the percentage range for humectants in toothpaste?
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Which component is responsible for preventing gingival inflammation in toothpaste?
Which component is responsible for preventing gingival inflammation in toothpaste?
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What potential issue can arise from the use of certain foaming agents in toothpaste?
What potential issue can arise from the use of certain foaming agents in toothpaste?
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Which of the following best describes the function of whitening agents in toothpaste?
Which of the following best describes the function of whitening agents in toothpaste?
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What is the recommended fluoride concentration for children aged 3-6 years?
What is the recommended fluoride concentration for children aged 3-6 years?
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Which fluoride compound is NOT mentioned as being used in toothpaste?
Which fluoride compound is NOT mentioned as being used in toothpaste?
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What is the primary purpose of adding desensitizing agents to toothpaste?
What is the primary purpose of adding desensitizing agents to toothpaste?
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Which of the following is an example of an anti-plaque agent in toothpaste?
Which of the following is an example of an anti-plaque agent in toothpaste?
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What technique is advised for using fluoride toothpaste?
What technique is advised for using fluoride toothpaste?
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What is the fluoride concentration that may be prescribed for very high-risk adults?
What is the fluoride concentration that may be prescribed for very high-risk adults?
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Which agent is commonly used for whitening in toothpaste?
Which agent is commonly used for whitening in toothpaste?
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At what age should children begin using toothpaste with fluoride concentrations over 1000 p.p.m?
At what age should children begin using toothpaste with fluoride concentrations over 1000 p.p.m?
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Which of the following substances is believed to help prevent the proliferation of bacteria in plaque?
Which of the following substances is believed to help prevent the proliferation of bacteria in plaque?
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What is the main effect of whitening agents in commercially available toothpaste?
What is the main effect of whitening agents in commercially available toothpaste?
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Study Notes
Toothpastes
- Aim: To understand toothpaste components and their role in patient care.
- Intended Learning Outcomes:
- Understand toothpaste functions.
- Appreciate various non-active ingredients.
- Explore active ingredients and their role in patient care.
- What is a Toothpaste?:
- A paste/gel dentifrice used with a toothbrush for oral hygiene.
- Contains abrasives to remove plaque, food, and superficial stains.
- Aids in removing halitosis.
- Delivers active ingredients (often fluoride) to prevent tooth decay and gum disease.
- Salt and baking soda can be used as alternatives to commercial toothpaste.
- Large amounts swallowed can be toxic.
- History of Toothpastes:
- General use started in 19th-century Britain as tooth powders.
- Use dates back to Ancient Egypt and Rome.
- Early tooth powders in Victorian Britain contained salt, pulverized brick, chalk, and coal.
- Toothpaste Evolution:
- Toothpastes have evolved significantly with many varieties appearing on the market.
- This evolution is ongoing.
- Toothpaste Market Confusion:
- Public and patients find the toothpaste market confusing due to advertising or friend/family advice.
- Health Care Professionals' Role:
- As health care professionals, it's crucial to stay updated on toothpaste market trends to best advise patients.
- Functions of Toothpaste:
- Prevent and reduce caries by applying fluoride.
- Remove plaque and superficial stain.
- Prevent gingival inflammation with antimicrobials.
- Desensitize teeth with desensitizing agents.
- Improve appearance with whitening agents.
- Improve breath.
- Improve the toothbrushing experience.
- Toothpaste Constituents:
- Active and non-active ingredients.
Non-Active Constituents
- Emulsifier/Binding agents (1-5%):
- Hold ingredients together.
- Prevent separation during storage.
- Increase stability and extend shelf life.
- Examples: Carrageenates, Alginates, Carboxymethyl cellulose, Colloidal Silica, Acacia gum.
- Detergents/Foaming agents (1-2%):
- Produce the bubbly foam.
- Aid in loosening debris.
- Distribute toothpaste.
- Can cause dryness in some.
- Examples: Sodium Lauryl Sulphate, Sodium N-lauryl Sarcosinate.
- Humectants (10-30%):
- Keep toothpaste moist and prevent hardening.
- Examples: Water, Glycerin, and Propylene glycol.
- Preservatives (0.05-1%):
- Prevent bacterial contamination.
- Maintain product purity.
- Examples: Alcohol, Benzoates, Phenols.
- Sweeteners:
- Non-fermentable sugars to give taste and mask undesirable taste.
- Examples: Sorbitol, Saccharin, Xylitol.
- Flavourings:
- Mask other ingredient tastes (especially detergents).
- Make toothpaste palatable.
- Examples: Peppermint, Spearmint, Aniseed, Eucalyptus, Lemon, Menthol, Wintergreen
- Colouring agents:
- Make the paste more appealing visually.
- Examples: Chlorophyll, Titanium Dioxide.
- Polishing agents/Abrasives (20-40%):
- Provide mild abrasive action on teeth.
- Help control and remove superficial stains.
- Examples: Calcium carbonate, Dicalcium phosphate, Silica particles, Sodium Chloride, Zirconium silicate, Calcium pyrophosphate, Hydrated Alumina.
Active Constituents
- Active Ingredients:
- Improve toothpaste efficacy
- Fluoride:
- Most common active ingredient (over 95%).
- Used to prevent caries.
- Encourages remineralization.
- Types: Sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP), Sodium fluoride (NaF), Stannous fluoride (SnF2).
- Recommended dosages based on age are included in the slides.
- Desensitizing agents:
- Relieve dentine sensitivity
- Used in toothpastes to address dentine sensitivity (common in adults, over 50%).
- Examples: Strontium chloride, Potassium chloride, Potassium nitrate, Sodium citrate, Strontium acetate, Calcium sodium phosphosilicate (Novamin).
- Anti-plaque/antimicrobial agents:
- Reduce plaque growth and development
- Examples: Triclosan, Zinc citrate trihydrate, Chlorhexidine, Sodium ricinoleate.
- Whitening agents:
- Minimal effects, often merely remove superficial stains.
- More effective whitening techniques often provided by dental professionals.
- Examples: Charcoal, Sodium bicarbonate, Silica, Carbamide Peroxide.
- Anti-calculus (anti-tartar) agents:
- Reduce calculus formation, but largely ineffective on existing deposits.
- Examples: Calcium pyrophosphates, Sodium hexametaphosphate.
- Class Work:
- Investigate relative dentine abrasion (RDA) values.
- Identify SLS-free products and suitable use cases.
- Examine Natural/Herbal toothpaste options and fluoride content.
- Consider factors when recommending toothpastes to patients.
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