Discipline and Ideas in Social Sciences-First Semester (2nd Periodical Exam)

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Questions and Answers

According to rational choice theory, individuals are motivated by their _ and are driven by __.

instincts, survival
beliefs, societal norms
emotions, personal desires
wants, goals (correct)

The rationality assumption assumes that individuals are expected to be actors making rational choices based on ____ to achieve the best results for themselves and their self-interests.

emotional, personal desires
irrational, societal norms
rational, rational choice theory (correct)
instinctive, survival instincts

According to rational choice theory, individuals must anticipate the outcomes of alternative courses of action and calculate which action will be best for ___________.

their family
their friends
society
themselves (correct)

Rational choice theory argues that all social action can be seen as ____________ motivated, however much it may appear to be irrational.

rationally (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to methodological individualism, the elementary unit of social life is _____________.

individual human action (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which criminological theories have integrated rational choice theory and its assumptions about human behavior?

Deterrence, situational crime prevention, and routine activity theory (A) Signup and view all the answers

What resources are individuals motivated by according to rational choice theory?

Time, information, approval, and prestige (C) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes rational choice theory from other forms of theory?

It denies the existence of any kind of action other than purely rational and calculative actions (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does methodological individualism argue about the elementary unit of social life?

It is individual human action (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to rational choice theory, individuals choose the course of action that is likely to give them the greatest ___________.

Satisfaction (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to rational choice theory, what motivates individuals to make choices?

Their wants and goals (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the belief of rational choice theory regarding the nature of social action?

All social action is fundamentally rational (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which perspective has rational choice theory been integrated into within criminological theories?

Deterrence (D) Signup and view all the answers

What resources are exchanged in human interactions according to rational choice theory?

Time, information, approval, and prestige (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key element in rational choice theory regarding the nature of action?

All action is fundamentally rational (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to rational choice theory, individuals are motivated by their _ and are driven by __.

Needs; Desires (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to rational choice theory, what distinguishes it from other forms of theory?

It denies the existence of any kind of action other than purely rational and calculative actions. (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to rational choice theory, what is the key element regarding the nature of action?

All action is fundamentally 'rational' in character. (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to methodological individualism, what is the elementary unit of social life?

Individual human action (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to rational choice theory, what resources are exchanged in human interactions?

Time, information, approval, and prestige (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to rational choice theory, what is the key element in explaining social change and social institutions?

Individual actions and interactions (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to rational choice theory, what is the fundamental assumption about human behavior?

Individuals are rational actors (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to rational choice theory, what are individuals motivated by?

Their wants and goals (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to rational choice theory, what distinguishes it from other forms of theory?

Denial of any kind of action other than rational and calculative actions (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to rational choice theory, what is the belief about the nature of action?

All action is fundamentally rational (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to rational choice theory, what is the fundamental assumption about human behavior?

Human behavior is driven by personal desires (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to methodological individualism, what is the elementary unit of social life?

Individual human action (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to rational choice theory, what distinguishes it from other forms of theory?

It denies the existence of any kind of action other than rational and calculative actions (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to rational choice theory, what resources are exchanged in human interactions?

Time, information, approval, and prestige (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to rational choice theory, what motivates individuals to make choices?

Personal desires and goals (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following effects is caused by the use of graffiti and aerosols?

Promotion of global warming (A) Signup and view all the answers

What do modern-day, CFC-free aerosol sprays emit that can contribute to asthma?

Volatile organic compounds (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the dangers of using and throwing away chemicals used in graffiti?

Destruction of the ecosystem (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the negative environmental impacts of graffiti and aerosols?

Increase in disease vectors and promotion of global warming (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main ingredient that causes asthma and is contributed by modern-day aerosol sprays?

Ground-level ozone levels (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a negative effect of the use of graffiti and aerosols?

Increased levels of ground-level ozone (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the dangers associated with using and throwing away chemicals used in graffiti?

Damage to the ecosystem (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main environmental impact of modern-day, CFC-free aerosol sprays?

Emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of disease vectors multiplying due to hiding and breeding grounds provided by graffiti?

Spreading diseases to animals and humans (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of graffiti and aerosols on the environment?

Poisonous and harmful (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a negative effect of graffiti and aerosols on the environment?

Increased air pollution (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of using and throwing away chemicals used in graffiti?

Destruction of the ecosystem (C) Signup and view all the answers

What do modern-day, CFC-free aerosol sprays emit that can contribute to ground-level ozone levels?

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main ingredient that causes asthma and is contributed by modern-day aerosol sprays?

Ground-level ozone (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the negative impacts of using graffiti and aerosols on the environment?

Promotion of global warming (D) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Rational Choice Theory

A theory that suggests individuals are motivated by their wants and goals, making rational choices to maximize their self-interest.

Methodological Individualism

The idea that individual human actions are the fundamental units of social life.

Rational Actors

Individuals in rational choice theory who make choices based on anticipated outcomes to achieve the best results.

Rational Choice

The process of selecting the course of action most likely to satisfy an individual's wants and goals.