Rapamycin and mTOR Quiz

Rapamycin and mTOR: Key Regulators in Cell Growth and Metabolism

• Suren Shigal (1932-2003) identified and isolated Rapamycin, a drug with anti-fungal and immunosuppressant properties, which was sent to the National Cancer Institute.
• Wyeth and Ayerst merged, leading to the resurrection of Suren's research, and the development of Rapamune as an immunosuppressant and anticancer drug, approved by the FDA in 1999.
• Rapamycin has been shown to extend lifespan in studies on C. elegans, yeast, and Drosophila, and is currently undergoing clinical trials in dogs.
• The mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) is a key regulator at a cellular level, controlling functions related to survival, replication, and maintaining cellular homeostasis.
• mTOR integrates signals related to nutrient availability, energy, and growth factors to regulate cellular metabolism and growth, with a central role in protein and lipid biosynthesis.
• The mTOR complex 1 is a central regulator of cell growth and metabolism, promoting anabolism and decreasing catabolism, and is sensitive to cellular energy status.
• The PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway is an intracellular signal transduction pathway with downstream effects on metabolism, proliferation, cell survival, growth, and angiogenesis.
• mTOR stimulates mRNA translation and protein synthesis through posttranslational modifications such as phosphorylation, and is involved in muscle hypertrophy, atrophy, and growth.
• Protein synthesis in the body is energy-expensive and regulated by the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway, with contributions from various cellular components and processes.
• Protein degradation, or proteolysis, is crucial in determining protein levels within cells and occurs through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, lysosomal proteolysis, and extracellular proteolysis.

Rapamycin and mTOR: Key Regulators in Cell Growth and Metabolism

• Suren Shigal (1932-2003) identified and isolated Rapamycin, a drug with anti-fungal and immunosuppressant properties, which was sent to the National Cancer Institute.
• Wyeth and Ayerst merged, leading to the resurrection of Suren's research, and the development of Rapamune as an immunosuppressant and anticancer drug, approved by the FDA in 1999.
• Rapamycin has been shown to extend lifespan in studies on C. elegans, yeast, and Drosophila, and is currently undergoing clinical trials in dogs.
• The mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) is a key regulator at a cellular level, controlling functions related to survival, replication, and maintaining cellular homeostasis.
• mTOR integrates signals related to nutrient availability, energy, and growth factors to regulate cellular metabolism and growth, with a central role in protein and lipid biosynthesis.
• The mTOR complex 1 is a central regulator of cell growth and metabolism, promoting anabolism and decreasing catabolism, and is sensitive to cellular energy status.
• The PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway is an intracellular signal transduction pathway with downstream effects on metabolism, proliferation, cell survival, growth, and angiogenesis.
• mTOR stimulates mRNA translation and protein synthesis through posttranslational modifications such as phosphorylation, and is involved in muscle hypertrophy, atrophy, and growth.
• Protein synthesis in the body is energy-expensive and regulated by the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway, with contributions from various cellular components and processes.
• Protein degradation, or proteolysis, is crucial in determining protein levels within cells and occurs through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, lysosomal proteolysis, and extracellular proteolysis.

Test your knowledge about the key regulators in cell growth and metabolism with this quiz on Rapamycin and mTOR. Learn about the history of Rapamycin, its applications, and the role of mTOR in cellular functions such as survival, metabolism, and protein synthesis.