Random Sampling Methods
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Questions and Answers

What did Oskar Pfungst propose as an additional check for Clever Hans' abilities?

  • To introduce distractions to see if Hans could still perform
  • To whisper numbers into Hans's ear to test his math skills (correct)
  • To conduct the experiment without informing the audience
  • To train Hans to perform tasks without any external cues

    • What was the reason behind Hans's inability to perform under the new conditions set by Oskar Pfungst?

  • He was not properly trained to understand the new cues
  • He was unable to hear the whisperers clearly
  • He was unable to read the unintended signals from the onlookers (correct)
  • He would tap indefinitely, unable to conclude the task

    • What does the term 'Clever Hans effect' remind us of?

  • The importance of training animals for specific tasks
  • The danger of unintended cues from observers affecting subjects' behavior (correct)
  • The difficulty in conducting experiments with animals
  • The intelligence of animals like Clever Hans

    • What was the main ability that Clever Hans possessed?

    <p>Intelligence in recognizing body language and signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the onlookers do after Hans tapped 11 times?

    <p>They would lean forward and tense, signaling that it was the right answer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Oskar Pfungst propose whispering numbers into Hans's ear?

    <p>To see if Hans could perform math tasks without any external cues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What important lesson does the story of Clever Hans teach us?

    <p>The potential impact of unintended cues on experimental outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the important limitations of case studies, as discussed in the text?

    <p>They do not tell us anything about what typically does happen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can case studies contribute to the understanding of brain function, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>By providing evidence favoring a theoretical principle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Sigmund Freud's work primarily depend on?

    <p>Case studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some of the technical problems that the author mentions in the text?

    <p>Sampling bias and observer effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is closely related to the question of 'Which particular people, or groups, or animals, are going to be the subjects of our investigation?'?

    <p>The population to generalize the results to</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the steps mentioned in the text to ensure that certain problems do not distort conclusions?

    <p>To gather more accurate data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do correlational studies sometimes do, according to the text?

    <p>Disconfirm the predictions of a causal theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one example mentioned in the text that can test specific hypotheses?

    <p>Transition to experiment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Schachter's data, along with others, suggest about clinical outcome statistics for smoking and obesity?

    <p>They are misleadingly pessimistic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does being responsive to a baby's cries NOT make for, according to Bell and Ainsworth's observations?

    <p>An independent baby</p> Signup and view all the answers

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