Rajasthani Folk Music and Saints
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Questions and Answers

What is the significance of the major musical castes in Rajasthan?

  • They were primarily focused on instrumental music.
  • They sang songs only for entertainment purposes.
  • They created music exclusively for religious ceremonies.
  • They adopted music as a profession to praise their kings and lords. (correct)

Which raga is associated with heroic songs sung during war?

  • Maru (correct)
  • Peelu
  • Bilawal
  • Asavari

In which region are folk songs characterized by higher vocals and longer melodies?

  • Hills Area
  • Plain Region
  • Desert Region (correct)
  • Urban Areas

What type of folk songs is prevalent in the Hills Area of Rajasthan?

<p>Group folk songs and tribal folk songs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Shringar Rasa primarily describe in Rajasthani folk music?

<p>Separation and alienation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which song from Rajasthan is known as the state song?

<p>Kesariya Balam (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common theme in the folk songs of the Plain Region?

<p>Songs of Bhakti and Shringar Rasa (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following songs is sung by a girl who is engaged but not yet married?

<p>Moreo (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sect was founded by Saint Mavji?

<p>Niskalanki sect (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the original name of Saint Haridas ji?

<p>Hari singh Sankla (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following books was composed by Saint Mavji?

<p>Krishna Leela (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Tejaji primarily known as?

<p>God of Kalabala (C), Snake protector deity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where was Saint Dhanna born?

<p>Dhuvan (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which message did Saint Haridas ji propagate?

<p>Nirgun and Saguna devotion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which place is mentioned as Tejaji's birthplace?

<p>Bhilwara (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which instrument is associated with singing Devnarayan ji's phad?

<p>Jantar (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the main center for Nawaldas ji?

<p>Jodhpur (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which saint is known for saving 52 idols from Aurangzeb?

<p>Saint Mavji (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique characteristic of the temple dedicated to Tejaji?

<p>Bricks are worshiped instead of an idol. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was the guru of Saint Dhanna?

<p>Ramanand ji (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which festival is celebrated in honor of Dev Baba?

<p>Chaitra Shukla Panchami (C), Bhadrapada Shukla Saptami (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which dance is performed by women of the Kamadiya Sect at Ramdevji's fair?

<p>Terah Taali (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered to be the incarnation of Lord Vishnu?

<p>Tejaji (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main instrument used in the Gindad dance?

<p>Nagada (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be done to make Dev Baba happy?

<p>Feed 7 gwalas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a temple associated with Tejaji?

<p>Dedhamali (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which dance involves women dancing with a pierced pot on their head?

<p>Terah Taali (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were the promoters of the dance that honors King Saatal?

<p>Komal Kothari and Mani Shankar Ganguly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which festival is the Bindori Dance performed?

<p>Holi (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of the Bhawaai dance?

<p>Dancing on Sword (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of dance is Gawari also known as?

<p>Rai dance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who participates in the Neja dance?

<p>Both men and women (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of dance is performed by men wearing women's clothes during Holi?

<p>Gindad Dance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following dances is associated with the Bhartiya Lok Kala Mandal?

<p>None of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the Yuddh dance?

<p>Use of sword and spear (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is the main performer of the Terah Taali dance?

<p>Maangi Bai (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which dance involves men dancing on their knees?

<p>Hathimana (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which dance is performed by Garasiya women of the Lur gotra?

<p>Lur (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the Waalar dance from other dances mentioned?

<p>Performed without musical instruments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long does the Gawari dance last?

<p>40 days (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was the founder of Galtaji in Jaipur?

<p>Krishna Das Payahari (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ruler sought blessings at Salemabad for his son?

<p>Maharaja Jagatsingh II (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What festival is associated with the Nimbark Cult?

<p>Radhaashtami (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary belief of the Ramsnehi Sect?

<p>Nirguna Bhakti (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which area did the influence of the Nimbark sect propagate?

<p>Shekhawati (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the original name of Ramcharan ji, the founder of the Ramsnehi Sect?

<p>Ramkishan (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which literary works are associated with Parshuramji, the founder of the Nimbark Cult?

<p>Parashuram Sagar and Vipramati (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Salemabad in the context of the Nimbark Cult?

<p>It is the main center of the Nimbark Cult (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Flashcards

Who is Tejaji?

A deity worshipped as the "snake protector" and "God of Kalabala", a disease. He is also known as the "God of Medicine". His main temple is in Parbatsar, built during the reign of Jodhpur Maharaja Abhay Singh.

Who is Pipalade?

Tejaji's wife was the daughter of King Jai Singh Parmar of Dhar.

Where was Tejaji born?

Tejaji's birth place is Asind in Bhilwara. He belonged to the Bagdawat Gurjar family.

Who is Devnarayan ji?

Devnarayan ji, a folk deity, is renowned for his connection to medicine. His phad, a long scroll painting narrating his story, is sung with the Jantar instrument by Gurjar Bhopo.

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Who is Dev Baba?

Dev Baba is a folk deity associated with veterinary care. His main temple is located in Nangala Jahaj, Bharatpur.

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Who is Mallinath ji?

Mallinath ji was the Rathore king of Marwar, known for his victory against Nizamuddin, the governor of Malwa during the Delhi Sultanate. His queen, Rupade, is also worshipped as a folk goddess.

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When is Tejaji's fair celebrated?

The fair dedicated to Tejaji is celebrated on Bhadrapad Shukla Saptami.

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How is Tejaji's temple unique?

Neem leaves are offered in Tejaji's temple, which does not have an idol but worships a brick instead.

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Ramsnehi Sect

A religious sect originating in India, emphasizing the worship of the formless divine "Nirguna" rather than idols.

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Nimbark Cult

A Hindu sect worshiping Lord Krishna, with Radha as his consort.

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Galtaji

A Hindu temple and meditation site in Jaipur, associated with the Galav sage and the ancient Sun Temple.

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Salemabad

A prominent center of the Nimbark Cult, also known as Parshurampuri due to its founder.

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Parshuramji

The founder of the Nimbark Cult, known for writing Parashuram Sagar and Vipramati.

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Shahpura

Founded by Ramcharan ji, this is a key center of the Ramsnehi Sect, known for its Fulladol festival.

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Ramcharan ji

The founder of the Ramsnehi Sect, known for his role in the Jaipur state and his rejection of idol worship.

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Fulladol

A festival celebrated in Shahpura, marking the day after Holi, associated with the Ramsnehi Sect.

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Who was Saint Haridas?

Saint Haridas was initially a dacoit, but later became a monk. He is known for his devotion to both Nirgun and Sagun forms of worship. His main center is in Gadha, Didwana.

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Who was Saint Mavji?

Saint Mavji is a prominent figure in the Niskalanki sect. He is believed to be the Kalki avatar of Vishnu by his followers. He is renowned for his Krishna Leela, written in Vagadi language.

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Who was Balanandacharya?

He was a contemporary of Aurangzeb and led an army, earning him the title 'Lashkar saint'. Balanandacharya is known for rescuing 52 idols from Aurangzeb and assisting Rajput kings against him.

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Who was Nawaldas ji?

Nawaldas ji was a renowned saint primarily active in Jodhpur. He established the Naval sect, leaving behind a book titled 'Navaleshwar Anubhavani'.

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Who was Lalgiri ji?

Lalgiri ji is known for his devotion and the establishment of the Alakhia sect. He is associated with the city of Bikaner and authored 'Alakh Stuti Prakas'.

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Who was Saint Dhanna?

Dhanna ji, born in a Jat family, was a prominent figure in the Bhakti movement in Rajasthan. He was a disciple of Ramanand ji, and his temple is located in Boranada, Jodhpur. His influence extends to Punjab as well.

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Who was Saint Peepa?

He was the king of Gagraun in Jhalawad. He belonged to the Khinchi dynasty.

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Professional Folk Songs in Rajasthan

Music was a profession for certain castes in Rajasthan during the time of the monarchies. These castes sang songs praising their patrons and kings.

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Musical Castes in Rajasthan

The major musical castes in Rajasthan include Dholi, Mirasi, Langa, Kalavant, Bhat, Rao, Jogi, Kamad, Vairagi, Gandharva, Bhope, Bhavai, Rana, Kalbeliya, and Kathik.

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Ragas in War Songs

Heroic songs sung during war by commercial castes in Rajasthan were often based on the Sindhu and Maru ragas.

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Regions of Rajasthan Folk Music

Rajasthan's folk songs can be categorized into three regions: Desert, Hills, and Plains.

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Folk Songs of the Desert Region

Desert region folk songs of Rajasthan include Kurjaan, Peepli, Ratan Rano, Mumal, Ghughari, and Kevda.

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Folk Songs of the Hills Region

Folk songs of the Hills region (Udaipur, Dungarpur, Banswara, Pratapgarh, Sirohi) include Patelya, Bichio, Laler, Machhar, Nokhila, Thaari Oonta Ri Aswari, Naveri Aswari, Shikaar, and Hamseedhon.

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Folk Songs of the Plain Region

Folk songs of the Plain region (Jaipur, Kota, Alwar, Bharatpur, Karoli, Dhaulpur) focus on Bhakti (devotion) and Shringar Rasa (romantic love).

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Rasa in Rajasthan Folk Songs

The most prevalent rasa in Rajasthan folk songs is Shringar Rasa, which focuses on romantic love and separation.

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Terah Taali Dance

A folk dance from Rajasthan, women of the Kamadiya sect perform this dance at the time of Ramdevji's fair. Known for its unique rhythm and intricate hand movements.

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Chari Dance

A traditional dance by Gurjar women in the Kishangarh region of Rajasthan. Dancers balance a 'chari' (a wooden stick) on their heads, with burning cotton seeds placed on top, symbolizing the challenges women face.

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Bhavai Dance

A folk dance performed by the Bhavai community in Udaipur, Rajasthan. This dance focuses more on acrobatic stunts and less on musicality. Known for its dramatic elements like dancing on swords, embers, and balancing multiple pots.

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Gindad Dance

A folk dance performed by men during Holi in the Shekhawati region of Rajasthan. Men dance in circles, holding wooden sticks, with one man dressed as a woman known as 'Gangaur'.

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What is 'Gair'?

A folk dance of the Bhil tribe, performed in Mewar region and celebrated on Holi, where men in a circle dance with wooden sticks.

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Bam Dane Dance

A folk dance from Bharatpur, Rajasthan. It is performed by men and features a distinctive rhythm and song known as 'Rasiya'. Known for its use of the 'Nagada' drum, also called 'Bam'.

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Describing 'Gawari' dance.

A folk dance of the Bhil tribe, performed in Mewar, starting from the next day of Raksha Bandhan and lasting for 40 days.

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Chung Dance

A folk dance of the Shekhawati region in Rajasthan, performed during Holi. It is known for its vibrant costumes and playful nature.

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Rupayan Institute

An institute established by Komal Kothari and Vijay Dan Detha in 1960 in Borunda Jodhpur. It is dedicated to the preservation and promotion of Rajasthani folk arts and culture.

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Explain 'Dwichakri' dance.

A dance performed by Bhil tribe, where groups of men dance in two circles, creating a visual spectacle.

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Bhartiya Lok Kala Mandal

This institution is dedicated to promoting puppetry arts in Udaipur, Rajasthan. It was founded by Devi Lal Samar in 1952 and plays a crucial role in preserving the tradition of puppetry.

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What is the 'Neja' dance?

A dance that involves both men and women, where a coconut is tied to a wooden stick, and women protect it while men try to remove it.

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Describe the 'Ghumra' dance.

A dance by women of the Bhil tribe in Banswara region, known for its cultural significance and vibrant performances.

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Explain the 'Waalar' dance.

A Garasiya folk dance performed by both men and women in two circles, without the use of any musical instruments.

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Describe the 'Lur' dance.

A dance performed by the Garasiya women of the Lur gotra, known for its traditional elements and the demand for a girl from the bride's side by the groom's side.

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What is 'Kuud' dance?

A Garasiya dance where people dance to the beat of their applause, without any instruments.

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Study Notes

Shravana Month - Krishna Paksha

  • On the 5th day (Panchami), Nag Panchami is celebrated and a mongoose is worshipped.
  • On the 9th day (Navmi), Nidari Navmi is celebrated.
  • On the 15th day (Amavasya), Hariyali Amavasya is celebrated.
  • Fairs are organized at Fateh Sagar Lake in Udaipur, Kalpavriksha fair in Mangliyawas Ajmer, and Buddha Jauhad fair in Anupgarh Ganganagar.

Shravana Month - Shukla Paksha

  • On the 3rd day (Tritiya), Choti Teej is celebrated.
  • Choti Teej procession of Jaipur is popular, celebrating the love between husband and wife.
  • There's a tradition of sending gifts or sinjara to newly wedded brides.
  • Leheriya is worn by women on this day.
  • On the 15th day (Purnima), Raksha bandhan/Nariyal Purnima is celebrated, worshipping Shravan Kumar.

Bhadrapada Month - Krishna Paksha

  • On the 3rd day (Tritiya), Badi Teej is celebrated - also known as Budhi Teej, Kajali Teej, and Satudi Teej.
  • Badi Teej of Bundi is famous.
  • On the 6th day (Shukla Paksha), Ub-Chat is celebrated by unmarried women.
  • On the 8th day (Ashtami), Krishna Janmashtami is celebrated
  • On the 9th day (Navami), Goganavmi is celebrated.
  • A cattle fair is organized at Dedrewa (Churu), and Gogamedi in Hanumangarh.
  • On the 12th day (Baras), Bach-Baras is observed with restrictions on using knives and eating processed foods.

Bhadrapada Month - Shukla Paksha

  • On the 2nd day (Dvitiya), Baba Ri Beej or Ramdev Ji's anniversary is celebrated.
  • On the 4th day (Chaturthi), Ganesh Chaturthi is celebrated - also known as Shiv Chaturthi, Chatra Chaturthi.
  • On the 5th day (Panchami), Rishi Panchami is celebrated.
  • Fairs are organized related to Ganesh Chaturthi in Rantambore, Sawai Madhopur, and Chungi Teerth in Jaisalmer, among other places.
  • On the 8th day, Radha-Janmashtami is observed by the Nimbark sect at Salemabad (Ajmer).
  • On the 10th day (Dashmi), Teja Dashmi is celebrated.
  • On the 11th day (Ekadashi), Jal-Jhulni gyaras (Dev Jhulni Ekdashi) is celebrated with a procession of Lord Krishna.
  • On the 14th day (Chaturdashi), Anant-Chaturdashi is observed, where idols of Lord Ganesha are immersed in water.
  • 15th day/Purnima marks the commencement of Shradha/Shravan Maasa.

Aashvin Month - Krishna Paksha & Shukla Paksha

  • Krishna Paksha: No auspicious work is done in this 16 day period.
  • Goddess Sanjhi is worshipped for 16 days.
  • Shukla Paksha: 1st day/Ekam marks the beginning of Sharad Navratra. 8th day (Ashtami) Durga Ashtami/Homa-Ashtami; 10th day (Dashmi) Vijaya Dashami; 5th day (Panchami) is Vishwakarma Puja; 15 day/Purnima is Sharad Purnima/Raas Purnima.
  • Marwar festival / Mannd festival is organized in Jodhpur and Meera festival in Udaipur.

Kartik Month - Krishna Paksha & Shukla Paksha

  • Krishna Paksha: 4th (Chaturthi) - Karva Chauth; 8th (Ashtami) - Ahoi Ashtami; 13th (Trayodashi) - Dhanteras; 14th (Chaturdashi) - Roop Chaudas/Roop Chaturdashi; 15th (Amavasya) - Diwali
  • Shukla Paksha: 1st (Ekam) - Govardhan Puja; 2nd (Dooj) - Bhaiya Dooj/Yam-Dooj; 8th (Ashtami) - Gopa Ashtami; 9th (Navmi) - Amla Navmi/Akshaya Navmi.
  • 11th (Ekadashi) - Dev Uthni Gyaras, 15th (Purnima)- Satya Narayan Purnima.

Magh Month - Krishna Paksha & Shukla Paksha

  • Krishna Paksha: 4th (Chaturthi)–Til Chaturthi/Sakat Chauth; 11th (Ekadashi)–Shat-Tila Ekadashi; 15th (Amavasya) - Mauni Amavasya
  • Shukla Paksha: 1st (Ekam) - Gupta Navratras; 5th (Panchami) - Basant Panchami; 15th day (Purnima) - Shradha Purnima/Raas Purnima.

Falgun Month - Krishna Paksha & Shukla Paksha

  • Krishna Paksha: No mention of specifics.
  • Shukla Paksha: 13th (Trayodashi) - Maha Shivratri; 15th (Purnima) - Holi.

Chaitra Month - Krishna Paksha & Shukla Paksha

  • Krishna Paksha: 8th (Ashtami) - Sheetla Ashtami; 14th (Chaturdashi) – Roop Chaudas / Roop Chaturdashi; 15th (Amavasya)- Celebrated as Diwali - death anniversary of Lord Mahavira and Dayanand Saraswati.
  • Shukla Paksha: 1st (Ekam) - New Year, 3rd (Tritiya) – Gangaur; 8th (Ashtami) – Ashokha Ashtami; 9th (Navami) - Ram navami; 15th(Purnima) - Hanuman Jayanti

Vaisakha Month - Krishna Paksha & Shukla Paksha

  • Krishna Paksha: 3rd (Tritiya) - Dheenga Ganvar fair in Jodhpur.
  • Shukla Paksha: 3rd (Tritiya) - Akshay Tritiya/ Akha Teej; 15th (Purnima) - Buddha Purnima.

Jyeshtha Month - Krishna Paksha & Shukla Paksha

  • Krishna Paksha: 15th day/Amavasya - Badmawas or Vat-Vriksha Amavasya is observed.
  • Shukla Paksha: 10th (Dashami) - Ganga Dashami/Ganga Dussehra; 11th (Ekadashi) - Nirjala Gyara.

Ashadha Month - Krishna Paksha & Shukla Paksha

  • Krishna Paksha: No specific details mentioned.
  • Shukla Paksha: 1st (Ekam) - Gupta Navratras, 9th (Navami) - Bhadliya Navami, 11th (Ekadashi) - Devsyani Ekadashi, 15th (Purnima) - Guru Purnima.

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Description

Explore the rich tradition of Rajasthani folk music and the significant saints associated with it. This quiz delves into musical castes, ragas, and the essence of various folk songs. Test your knowledge on the cultural heritage and prominent figures of Rajasthan.

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