Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main responsibility of the traffic department concerning unmanned and unlocked hand points?
What is the main responsibility of the traffic department concerning unmanned and unlocked hand points?
- To monitor the wear and tear of checks and flanges
- To ensure all points are completely removed from service
- To ensure that all movements are automated and unmanned
- To assign pointsmen to oversee the safety of hand points (correct)
What is the effect of a tight gauge or inadequate clearance at the crossing's nose?
What is the effect of a tight gauge or inadequate clearance at the crossing's nose?
- It increases the risk of the wheel mounting the nose of the crossing (correct)
- It allows for smoother wheel transitions and prevents derailments
- It prevents the wheel flange from contacting the crossing
- It causes the check rail to wear out more quickly
Why is it important to have the correct check block clearance and gauge at the nose of a crossing?
Why is it important to have the correct check block clearance and gauge at the nose of a crossing?
- To prevent excessive wear on wing rails during operation
- To ensure safe passage of wheels and prevent derailments (correct)
- To allow for the proper locking of hand points
- To ensure proper alignment of the wing rails
What can occur if a new wing rail is installed without considering the wear on the crossing?
What can occur if a new wing rail is installed without considering the wear on the crossing?
What is the function of the wing rail in the context of a crossing?
What is the function of the wing rail in the context of a crossing?
What is the purpose of the stretcher bar in a switch assembly?
What is the purpose of the stretcher bar in a switch assembly?
Which of the following components is NOT part of a crossing assembly?
Which of the following components is NOT part of a crossing assembly?
What can cause derailment in switch assemblies?
What can cause derailment in switch assemblies?
Which part of the tongue rail is known as the 'Heel'?
Which part of the tongue rail is known as the 'Heel'?
Why is it necessary to provide room for the passage of wheel flanges at points?
Why is it necessary to provide room for the passage of wheel flanges at points?
What is one of the guidelines established in IRPWM Para. 237 regarding points and crossings?
What is one of the guidelines established in IRPWM Para. 237 regarding points and crossings?
What role does the crossing assembly play in a railway track system?
What role does the crossing assembly play in a railway track system?
What happens if the length of the tongue rail is insufficient?
What happens if the length of the tongue rail is insufficient?
What could cause wing rails or check rails to be worn laterally?
What could cause wing rails or check rails to be worn laterally?
What is the maximum allowed vertical wear on wing rail or nose of crossing?
What is the maximum allowed vertical wear on wing rail or nose of crossing?
How should obtuse crossings be laid in relation to the acute crossing?
How should obtuse crossings be laid in relation to the acute crossing?
What is the primary responsibility of the Permanent Way Inspector (PWI) regarding switches?
What is the primary responsibility of the Permanent Way Inspector (PWI) regarding switches?
What is used to check the sharpness of curves during inspections of points and crossings?
What is used to check the sharpness of curves during inspections of points and crossings?
What might cause gaping points at switches?
What might cause gaping points at switches?
What should be marked at 1.5 meter intervals on the curve lead?
What should be marked at 1.5 meter intervals on the curve lead?
In what circumstances can specific relaxation be given concerning points and crossings?
In what circumstances can specific relaxation be given concerning points and crossings?
During inspections, what should be checked for the condition of turn-in curves?
During inspections, what should be checked for the condition of turn-in curves?
What is essential for maintaining proper gauge at a crossing?
What is essential for maintaining proper gauge at a crossing?
What is a frequent cause of defective points during shunting operations?
What is a frequent cause of defective points during shunting operations?
What can cause the toe of switches to lift under passing wheels?
What can cause the toe of switches to lift under passing wheels?
What is an indication of points being trailed through when not set?
What is an indication of points being trailed through when not set?
What could potentially lead to derailment due to splitting of the switch?
What could potentially lead to derailment due to splitting of the switch?
What happens when the stock rail is worn out by 5 mm?
What happens when the stock rail is worn out by 5 mm?
What might grease marks on the vertical side of a flange indicate?
What might grease marks on the vertical side of a flange indicate?
What is the thickness of the switch head at a distance of 450 mm from the toe?
What is the thickness of the switch head at a distance of 450 mm from the toe?
What can the demonstration with a loaded wagon expose?
What can the demonstration with a loaded wagon expose?
What can prevent the proper setting of a switch?
What can prevent the proper setting of a switch?
Which condition can lead to improper closing of points?
Which condition can lead to improper closing of points?
What condition must at least one rail at the points and crossing meet?
What condition must at least one rail at the points and crossing meet?
Where should the gauge be uniform in points and crossings?
Where should the gauge be uniform in points and crossings?
What indicates that a tongue rail is badly worn?
What indicates that a tongue rail is badly worn?
What is the maximum allowable vertical wear for a 60 Kg tongue rail?
What is the maximum allowable vertical wear for a 60 Kg tongue rail?
What issue can arise if a tongue rail has a knife edged tip?
What issue can arise if a tongue rail has a knife edged tip?
How much lateral wear is acceptable for a 75R tongue rail?
How much lateral wear is acceptable for a 75R tongue rail?
What is the maximum limit of vertical wear for a 52 Kg tongue rail?
What is the maximum limit of vertical wear for a 52 Kg tongue rail?
What gap measurement indicates a tongue rail is not housed properly against the stock rail?
What gap measurement indicates a tongue rail is not housed properly against the stock rail?
What corrective action can be taken for slight wide gauge at the toe of the switch?
What corrective action can be taken for slight wide gauge at the toe of the switch?
How can a damaged tongue rail potentially be reused?
How can a damaged tongue rail potentially be reused?
What is the primary function of the stretcher bar in a switch assembly?
What is the primary function of the stretcher bar in a switch assembly?
Which component is essential to guide the movement of wheels at crossings?
Which component is essential to guide the movement of wheels at crossings?
What can occur if the length of the tongue rail is insufficient?
What can occur if the length of the tongue rail is insufficient?
What is a critical aspect mentioned in IRPWM Para. 237 regarding stock rail joints?
What is a critical aspect mentioned in IRPWM Para. 237 regarding stock rail joints?
What are the two main types of rails included in a crossing assembly?
What are the two main types of rails included in a crossing assembly?
What happens if the stock rail is worn excessively by 5 mm?
What happens if the stock rail is worn excessively by 5 mm?
What could result from the improper setting of the switch?
What could result from the improper setting of the switch?
Which aspect is crucial in the construction of a switch assembly to prevent derailments?
Which aspect is crucial in the construction of a switch assembly to prevent derailments?
What is a potential risk of poorly managed clearances at the nose of a crossing?
What is a potential risk of poorly managed clearances at the nose of a crossing?
What can happen if a new wing rail is installed without consideration of wear on the crossing?
What can happen if a new wing rail is installed without consideration of wear on the crossing?
How does the presence of a high wing rail affect the load distribution during a wheel's passage?
How does the presence of a high wing rail affect the load distribution during a wheel's passage?
What type of packing pieces are provided for check rail blocks for IRS crossings to account for wear?
What type of packing pieces are provided for check rail blocks for IRS crossings to account for wear?
What is a key factor in ensuring the safety of unmanned hand points?
What is a key factor in ensuring the safety of unmanned hand points?
What should be checked during inspections of turn-in curves on loops according to the guidelines?
What should be checked during inspections of turn-in curves on loops according to the guidelines?
Which factor is critical for maintaining correct gauge at the nose of a crossing?
Which factor is critical for maintaining correct gauge at the nose of a crossing?
What is the maximum allowable vertical wear on the nose of a crossing?
What is the maximum allowable vertical wear on the nose of a crossing?
Under what condition may specific relaxation be given concerning points and crossings?
Under what condition may specific relaxation be given concerning points and crossings?
What can cause derailments at switches aside from gaping?
What can cause derailments at switches aside from gaping?
What should be recorded at 1.5 meter intervals during inspections of turn-in curves?
What should be recorded at 1.5 meter intervals during inspections of turn-in curves?
What is a common reason for wing rails or check rails to be worn laterally?
What is a common reason for wing rails or check rails to be worn laterally?
What must be maintained correctly in obtuse crossings with respect to the distance measured?
What must be maintained correctly in obtuse crossings with respect to the distance measured?
What role does the Permanent Way Inspector (PWI) have regarding switches?
What role does the Permanent Way Inspector (PWI) have regarding switches?
What should be provided to the gauge face of the straight track in the curve lead?
What should be provided to the gauge face of the straight track in the curve lead?
What indicates a tongue rail is classified as damaged due to a knife-edged tip?
What indicates a tongue rail is classified as damaged due to a knife-edged tip?
What corrective action is suggested for adjusting slight wide gauge at the toe of the switch?
What corrective action is suggested for adjusting slight wide gauge at the toe of the switch?
Where should the gauge be uniform in a point and crossing assembly?
Where should the gauge be uniform in a point and crossing assembly?
What is the maximum acceptable gap at the toe if the tongue rail is not housed properly against the stock rail?
What is the maximum acceptable gap at the toe if the tongue rail is not housed properly against the stock rail?
What can be done to resend a damaged tongue rail before replacement?
What can be done to resend a damaged tongue rail before replacement?
Under what condition can a tongue rail be classified as badly worn?
Under what condition can a tongue rail be classified as badly worn?
What is the conservation approach for tongue rails with a chipped length exceeding 10 mm?
What is the conservation approach for tongue rails with a chipped length exceeding 10 mm?
What can indicate that switches have been trailed through when not set properly?
What can indicate that switches have been trailed through when not set properly?
What mechanical issue can lead to the toe of switches lifting under passing wheels?
What mechanical issue can lead to the toe of switches lifting under passing wheels?
Which condition can cause the switch head to crush and lead to derailment?
Which condition can cause the switch head to crush and lead to derailment?
What physical evidence might suggest a defect in a vehicle's wheel during a derailment?
What physical evidence might suggest a defect in a vehicle's wheel during a derailment?
What is a typical sign of a defect due to excessive wear in switches?
What is a typical sign of a defect due to excessive wear in switches?
Which specific design feature may lead to improper switch settings if the stock rail is worn out?
Which specific design feature may lead to improper switch settings if the stock rail is worn out?
What might be a frequent cause of defective points during shunting operations?
What might be a frequent cause of defective points during shunting operations?
What can be an effective method for revealing defects in switches when derailment is under question?
What can be an effective method for revealing defects in switches when derailment is under question?
Which observation on a wheel flange might highlight maintenance issues needing attention?
Which observation on a wheel flange might highlight maintenance issues needing attention?
Flashcards
Check Rail Clearance
Check Rail Clearance
The gap between a railway track's running rail and the check rail, crucial for safe train operation.
Gauge
Gauge
The distance between the inner edges of the two rails of a railway track, essential for safe train operation.
Wing Rail
Wing Rail
A key safety feature on crossings that gradually shifts the load from the 'Vee' of the crossing to the wing rail, preventing derailment in the trailing direction.
High Wing Rail
High Wing Rail
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Wheel Flange
Wheel Flange
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Points and Crossings
Points and Crossings
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Switch Assembly
Switch Assembly
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Tongue Rail
Tongue Rail
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Heel of the Tongue Rail
Heel of the Tongue Rail
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Toe of the Tongue Rail
Toe of the Tongue Rail
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Stretcher Bar
Stretcher Bar
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Crossing Assembly
Crossing Assembly
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V Rail
V Rail
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Gauge tie plate
Gauge tie plate
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Obtuse crossing
Obtuse crossing
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Diamond crossing
Diamond crossing
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Maximum vertical wear
Maximum vertical wear
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Curve lead
Curve lead
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Versine
Versine
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Turn-in curve
Turn-in curve
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Cant change
Cant change
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Point and Crossing Rail Section
Point and Crossing Rail Section
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Gauge in Point and Crossing
Gauge in Point and Crossing
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Replacing Damaged Rails
Replacing Damaged Rails
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Chipped or Cracked Tongue Rail
Chipped or Cracked Tongue Rail
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Knife-Edged Tongue Rail
Knife-Edged Tongue Rail
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Twisted or Bent Tongue Rail
Twisted or Bent Tongue Rail
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Rectifying Tongue Rails
Rectifying Tongue Rails
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Replacing Knife-Edged Tongue Rail
Replacing Knife-Edged Tongue Rail
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Wear Limits for Tongue Rails
Wear Limits for Tongue Rails
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Adjusting Wide Gauge
Adjusting Wide Gauge
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Obstruction Affecting Switches
Obstruction Affecting Switches
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Forced Switch Opening During Shunting
Forced Switch Opening During Shunting
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Loose Heel Bolts and Sleepers
Loose Heel Bolts and Sleepers
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Excessive Wear in Switches
Excessive Wear in Switches
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Switch Head Design and Wear
Switch Head Design and Wear
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Sharp Wheel Flange Profile
Sharp Wheel Flange Profile
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Derailment Due to Sharp Wheel Flange
Derailment Due to Sharp Wheel Flange
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Derailment due to loose heel bolts and poorly packed sleepers
Derailment due to loose heel bolts and poorly packed sleepers
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Derailment due to excessive wear
Derailment due to excessive wear
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Derailment at facing points due to sharp wheel flange
Derailment at facing points due to sharp wheel flange
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Junction Fish Plates
Junction Fish Plates
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What is Gauge?
What is Gauge?
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What is a Check Rail?
What is a Check Rail?
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What is a Wheel Mounting the Nose of a Crossing?
What is a Wheel Mounting the Nose of a Crossing?
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What is a Wing Rail?
What is a Wing Rail?
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How can worn crossings cause derailments?
How can worn crossings cause derailments?
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Point fixing
Point fixing
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Bent Rear Point Rod
Bent Rear Point Rod
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Switch Head Crush and Derailment
Switch Head Crush and Derailment
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Potential for Derailment due to Sharp Wheel Flange
Potential for Derailment due to Sharp Wheel Flange
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Study Notes
Points and Crossings
- Railway stations and yards have multiple tracks for receiving and dispatching trains
- Trains need to cross various tracks to reach the desired line
- Points and crossings allow this movement
- A set of points and crossing includes switch assembly, crossing assembly, and lead rail assembly
- Switches consist of two tongue rails and two stock rails.
- The stock rails are part of main rails whereas the tongue rails have a tapered edge (toe) that sets against the stock rails
- The tapered edge guides the train direction. The thicker edge (heel)
- The toe prevents wheel obstruction
- Short tongue rails can cause toe to jump upward, affecting wheel movement
- A stretcher bar is used in switch assembly to prevent jumping
- Sufficient space is needed for wheel flange passage
- Crossing assembly joins V rails, two wing rails (left/right), and two check rails
- Fish plates should not be connected to stock rail joints or crossing heel
- Gauge should be uniform except where switch toe is slightly slack
- Worn or damaged stock and tongue rails should be replaced.
- Tongue rails are deemed worn/damaged based on certain criteria including chipping/cracking, and knife-edge tips (thickness of top edge less than 2 mm)
- Vertical and lateral wear limits exist for various rail weights (8 mm for 60 kg, 5 mm for 52 and 90R, 3 mm for 75R and 60R, etc)
- Gauge width can be adjusted using steel packing
- Obtuse crossings maintain correct throat-to-nose distance
- Diamond crossings are laid square to each other with respect to acute crossing center lines.
- Maximum wing rail vertical wear should be 10 mm.
- Curve leads are laid using offsets from straight track gauge face to ensure correct curvature.
- Track curves are inspected and adjusted to ensure accuracy, including correct versine check and interval observations.
- Points and crossings maintenance follows IRPWM guidelines, which detail how to avoid derailments.
Derailments on Points and Crossings
- Derailments on points and crossings occur at switches
- Gaping points (initially or during wheel passage) can be caused by bent tongue rail and improper adjustment of heel bolts
- Obstructions (stones) can also affect correct switch settings.
- Point derailment is caused by improper closing due to obstructions, leading to loss of lever movement
- Defective points can lead to defective movement
- Insufficient maintenance may lead to wheel flange issues
- Excessive wear can lead to longitudinal splitting of the switch
- Switch head crushing prevents proper switch setting, leading to potential derailments
- Switch sharpness and grease marks should be checked for derailment indicators
- Unmanned/unlocked hand points could slightly open due to lever-box play, especially with the movement of the pullover rod
- Proper pointsman guidance and locking is crucial for safety
- Wheel flange should not damage point structure
- Proper check block maintenance is essential for preventing derailments
- Loose bolts or misassembled crossings can lead to derailment. Poor switch/rail condition are possible causes including chipped or cracked tongue rails over 200mm within 1000mm from toe
- High wing rails may derail in trailing direction, as they need proper clearance
- Gaps greater than 5 mm are dangerous, and should be addressed.
- Incorrect wing rail assembly or relative movement of the "Vee" and wing rail can further impact derailment proneness.
- Wear on the wing rail will affect crossings especially in trailing direction.
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Description
This quiz covers the essential components of railway points and crossings, detailing their functions in guiding train movements across tracks. Key aspects included are the construction of switches, the role of tongue and stock rails, and the importance of assemblies in maintaining train safety and efficiency.
