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Questions and Answers
What is the primary goal of treating radiation dermatitis?
Which of the following is a recommended intervention for preventing radiation dermatitis?
Which type of cancer treatment is most commonly associated with acute radiation dermatitis?
What is the primary reason why stem cells within the basal layer are sensitive to radiation?
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What is a common symptom of acute radiation dermatitis?
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What is the purpose of antiemetics in chemotherapy?
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What is a potential consequence of uncontrolled nausea and vomiting in patients receiving radiation therapy?
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Which of the following is a treatment-related factor that may increase the risk of RINV?
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Which patient-related factor is associated with an increased risk of RINV?
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What is the purpose of guidelines for antiemetic prophylaxis or rescue?
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Which of the following treatment areas is associated with a high risk of RINV?
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Study Notes
Radiotherapy Induced Nausea & Vomiting (RINV)
- Incidence and severity of RINV influenced by radiation therapy regimen and patient-specific factors
- Uncontrolled nausea and vomiting may lead to delayed or refused radiation therapy
- Guidelines provide recommendations for antiemetic prophylaxis or rescue based on treatment area and recognized emetic risk
Risk Factors for RINV
- Treatment-related factors:
- Area of body being treated, including:
- Total body irradiation
- Brain
- Abdomen
- Epigastric region
- Para-aortic area
- Pelvis fields extending into the abdomen
- Size of treatment areas/fields
- Area of body being treated, including:
- Patient-related factors that may increase risk of RINV:
- Concurrent or recent chemotherapy
- Female gender
- Younger age
Prevention and Management of RINV
- Patient education
- Small, frequent meals
- High-energy, high-protein diet
- Antiemetics targeting different receptors (serotonin, dopamine, or DEX)
- Prophylactic or rescue medications
Pathophysiology of Acute Radiation Dermatitis
- Occurs most commonly in patients with skin, breast, head and neck, vulvar, or anal cancer
- Radiation prevents repopulation and repair of stem cells in the basal layer, weakening skin integrity
- Radiation can damage microvascular system, increasing risk of tissue hypoxia and fibrosis, and activating an inflammatory cascade
- Symptoms range from self-limiting erythema to painful moist desquamation
Prevention and Management of Radiation Dermatitis
- Gentle skin cleansing
- Moisturizing (not directly before treatment)
- Reducing friction/irritants that can cause further injury (mechanical, chemical, thermal, and solar)
- Ensuring nutrition
- Multiple topical applications recommended for radiation
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Description
This quiz covers the incidence, severity, and risk factors of Radiotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting (RINV), including treatment-related factors and patient-specific factors.
