Radiotelephony Communications
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Questions and Answers

What does the transponder code 7600 indicate?

  • Hijacking situation
  • Flight was cancelled
  • Emergency declaration
  • Radio communication failure (correct)

    • Which Q-code is used to denote magnetic bearing from the station?

  • QDM
  • QDR (correct)
  • QFE
  • QTE

    • What phrase should be used for clarity when repeating information?

  • I SAY AGAIN (correct)
  • READ BACK
  • VERIFY
  • CONFIRM

    • When is an aircraft allowed to use its abbreviated call sign?

    <p>After being addressed by the ground station</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the readability level 'READABILITY 2' imply?

    <p>Readable but with difficulty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct transmission for indicating an altitude of 13,500 feet?

    <p>Thirteen thousand five hundred</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation 'HJ' refer to?

    <p>Continuous day and night service</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ATC unit is primarily responsible for controlling traffic?

    <p>DEPARTURE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phrase should a pilot use if they cannot comply with an ATC instruction?

    <p>UNABLE TO COMPLY</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct radiotelephony signal to precede an urgency message?

    <p>PAN PAN, spoken three times.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'READABILITY 3' indicate on the readability scale for VHF communications?

    <p>No problem to understand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When communicating QNH as 1001, which of the following is the correct way to transmit?

    <p>QNH one zero zero one.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information should radar provide regarding conflicting traffic?

    <p>Relative bearing in clock term; distance; direction; level of conflicting traffic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically used for filing a flight plan with an ATSU during flight?

    <p>FIS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If an aircraft has started its descent, what is the correct transmission by the pilot?

    <p>LEAVING FL200, DESCENDING TO FL120.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following words or phrases is not normally used in VHF communications?

    <p>OUT and OVER</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the phrase "TRANSMITTING BLIND DUE RECEIVER FAILURE" in communication?

    <p>It signals that transmission should continue on the frequency in use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what situation should a pilot include the word HEAVY after their call sign, such as in "FASTAIR 345 HEAVY"?

    <p>In the initial call to the vehicle control tower and while approaching.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option correctly defines the priority of the message 'REQUEST QDM' in air traffic communication?

    <p>Greater than a change in flight heading.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Q-code QDR refer to?

    <p>Magnetic bearing from the station.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what condition is a PAN message declared in aviation communication?

    <p>When there is potential danger requiring immediate attention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence if a microphone button is stuck in the transmit position?

    <p>It will cause confusion among other stations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the standard procedure for a pilot to conclude the read-back of an ATC clearance?

    <p>With the phrase 'WILCO'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is used to denote the pressure at the aerodrome when reduced to sea level in accordance with international standards?

    <p>QNH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a DISTRESS condition in aviation communication?

    <p>The aircraft is in imminent danger and requires immediate assistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct phrase to precede an URGENCY message?

    <p>Pan Pan Pan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what circumstances can the word 'DECIMAL' be omitted when reporting a frequency?

    <p>Only by the ground station</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the transponder code 7600?

    <p>Loss of communications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the minimum content for a readback when instructed to change frequency?

    <p>118.7 X-CD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Q code is associated with indicating height?

    <p>QFE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a pilot do if they are unable to contact a station on the designated frequency?

    <p>Switch to an alternative frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For VHF communications, the best signals are typically obtained when the aircraft is at:

    <p>High altitude and in the vicinity of the aerodrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term defines a state of imminent danger for an aircraft?

    <p>Distress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the instruction 'HOLD SHORT AT RUNWAY' require from the aircraft?

    <p>Stop before the designated point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which abbreviation stands for control zone?

    <p>CTR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What priority level does the message 'LINE UP' hold compared to 'REQUEST QDM'?

    <p>The same as TAXI TO HOLDING POINT RUNWAY 20</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information is included in an urgency message?

    <p>Nature of the urgency condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a pilot do if a transponder is unserviceable before IFR departure?

    <p>Continue with ATC permission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the call sign suffix 'DELIVERY'?

    <p>Clearance delivery service</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the instruction 'ORBIT' from ATC instruct the aircraft to do?

    <p>Carry out 360 degree turns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'READABILITY 3' mean in VHF communications?

    <p>Readable occasionally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is 'STOP IMMEDIATELY' interpreted in ATC communication?

    <p>Abort the take-off</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the phrase 'CORRECTION' indicate in ATC communication?

    <p>An error was made and here's the correct version</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should a pilot take immediately after squawking 7600?

    <p>Return to the current flight plan route in the most direct manner.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which message indicates the need for an aircraft to examine a system or procedure?

    <p>CHECK</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should an altitude of 13,500 feet be spoken?

    <p>ONE THREE THOUSAND FIVE HUNDRED FEET.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which information cannot be omitted from a position report?

    <p>Call sign, Position, and Time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct action after a communications failure regarding holding time?

    <p>Follow the EAT or ETA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'DISREGARD' imply in communication?

    <p>Ignore the previous message</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the call sign suffix for an airfield that does not have radar?

    <p>APPROACH.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the instruction 'MONITOR ...' imply?

    <p>Listen out on frequency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If ATC mentions 'BRAKING COEFFICIENT 20', what does this indicate?

    <p>Poor braking action.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should a pilot reply to the request 'REPORT FLIGHT CONDITIONS'?

    <p>VMC / IMC.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a waypoint?

    <p>A geographical location relating to area navigation (RNAV).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phrase should be used when clarifying a repeated message?

    <p>I SAY AGAIN.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition indicates an aircraft needing immediate assistance?

    <p>Distress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a transmission error occurs, which phrase should be used?

    <p>CORRECTION.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phrase best exemplifies a general call?

    <p>ALL STATIONS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the frequency 121.5 MHz represent?

    <p>International emergency frequency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does ATC's message 'DISTRESS TRAFFIC ENDED' signify?

    <p>Normal ATC is resumed after an emergency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which radiotelephony phonetic alphabet representation is correct for the word 'F'?

    <p>Foxtrot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of message is the phrase 'PLEASE CALL A TAXI-CAB FOR US.WE WILL ARRIVE AT 1045 AS SCHEDULED' classified as?

    <p>An unauthorized message</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'UNDERCAST' indicate regarding cloud coverage?

    <p>Cloud coverage between 50% to 100%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a pilot receives 'REPORT' as an instruction, what action is expected?

    <p>Provide specific information requested</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should a pilot take before transmitting?

    <p>Ensure the frequency is clear of others transmitting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the frequency 120.375 MHz correctly transmitted?

    <p>One twenty decimal three seven five</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phrase indicates that an aircraft is in distress?

    <p>Squawking 7700</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation 'HX' imply regarding operation hours?

    <p>No specific working time defined</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of communication is described by 'AIR-GROUND COMMUNICATION'?

    <p>Two-way communication between an aircraft and ground stations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate action when the term 'OVERCAST' is used in METAR?

    <p>Completely cloudy sky</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When would a pilot transmit a 'BLIND' message?

    <p>When no other aircraft are heard on frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the phrase 'CAUTION, CONSTRUCTION WORK LEFT OF TAXIWAY' imply about the situation?

    <p>Construction is ongoing affecting taxi routes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'EXPECTED APPROACH TIME' define in flight operations?

    <p>The time at which ATC expects an aircraft to commence its approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'FREQUENCY 3 MHz' typically indicate?

    <p>Low potential for static interference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct call sign format for an aircraft with a maximum take-off weight of 136 tons when communicating with an aerodrome control tower?

    <p>FAST AIR 345 HEAVY</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What frequency should be used for the first transmission of an urgency call?

    <p>The air-ground frequency in use at the time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which frequency is classified as an international emergency frequency?

    <p>121.500 MHz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum distance expected for strong VHF reception at FL140 over flat terrain?

    <p>About 140 NM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation QTE represent?

    <p>True bearing from the station</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by a 'BLIND TRANSMISSION'?

    <p>A message transmitted without two-way communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following frequencies does a pilot use to report an urgency situation?

    <p>PAN PAN, PAN PAN, PAN PAN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be included in a test transmission?

    <p>RADIO CHECK</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct behavior when an ATC route clearance is issued?

    <p>It must always be read back</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does an aircraft need to squawk 7600?

    <p>When experiencing communication failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'READABILITY 4' signify on the readability scale?

    <p>Readable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct procedure when reporting height using QFE?

    <p>QFE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phrase is appropriate for a pilot to indicate they are ready for take-off?

    <p>READY FOR DEPARTURE or READY</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the signal 'CONFIRM SQUAWK' from a radar controller mean?

    <p>Indicate the code set on the transponder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What represents a conditional clearance in aviation communication?

    <p>BEHIND THE LANDING A320 LINE UP AND WAIT RUNWAY 09 BEHIND</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the proper phrase for an aircraft instructed to turn to a heading of 360°?

    <p>Heading three six zero, X-BC.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which message type indicates urgent aircraft part requests?

    <p>A flight regularity message.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation 'HX' indicate regarding the operating hours of an aerodrome?

    <p>Opening hours are not specified.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be transmitted immediately after the MAYDAY prefix in a distress situation?

    <p>The call sign of the station addressed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In aviation communication, what does the word 'NEGATIVE' signify?

    <p>Permission not granted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term defines an aircraft in a state of imminent danger?

    <p>Distress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does QDM refer to in aviation terminology?

    <p>Magnetic heading to the station (with no wind).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should HB-JYC be correctly spelled out in a radio message?

    <p>Hotel Bravo Juliett Yankee Charlie.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Q-code is associated with reporting altitude?

    <p>QNH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'BROADCAST' entail in aviation communication?

    <p>General information not addressed to specific stations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Upon receiving an urgency message, what must a pilot do?

    <p>Monitor the frequency for assistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What frequency range does the Aeronautical Mobile Service cover?

    <p>118.000 to 136.975 MHz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a pilot receives the question 'ARE YOU ABLE TO MAINTAIN FL80?', how should they respond?

    <p>AFFIRM or NEGATIVE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct way to transmit the time as 9:20 AM to avoid confusion?

    <p>Two zero.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'MONITOR' imply in radio communication?

    <p>Listen out on (frequency).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct transmission for requesting a descent from FL240 to FL100?

    <p>Request descent to flight level one-zero-zero.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical update frequency for the ATIS weather information?

    <p>30 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what condition should an aircraft squawk 7600?

    <p>In case of radio communication failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is visibility described in a METAR report?

    <p>Up to 1,500 m in meters, above in kilometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what distance should you call 'LONG FINAL' when approaching to land?

    <p>Between 8 and 4 NM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum distance for solid VHF contact at FL100 over flat terrain?

    <p>About 120 NM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What suffix should be used when establishing radio contact with an Area Control Centre?

    <p>CONTROL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the distress message sent from an aircraft in distress need to be transmitted on?

    <p>The air-ground frequency in use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate way to convey the altitude of 3,500 feet?

    <p>Three thousand five hundred</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation 'ACARS' stand for?

    <p>Aircraft Communication Addressing &amp; Reporting System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a squawk of 7700 indicate?

    <p>The aircraft is in an emergency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'FLIGHT LEVEL' refer to?

    <p>A surface of constant atmospheric pressure related to a datum of 1013 hPa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate method to ask ATC for permission to turn to a heading of 100 degrees?

    <p>Request right turn, heading one-zero-zero</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the instruction 'GO AROUND' signify during landing?

    <p>Carry out a missed approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of radio silence can be imposed by an aeronautical station?

    <p>Distress traffic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate signal for an aircraft in distress?

    <p>MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should an urgency call include regarding the aircraft's status?

    <p>Call sign of station addressed, aircraft callsign, nature of urgency condition, intention of the person in command, position.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When an aircraft cancels its distress condition, what phrase should be used?

    <p>CANCEL DISTRESS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'READABILITY 3' indicate on the readability scale?

    <p>Readable but with difficulty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the phrase 'ORBIT RIGHT' instruct the pilots to do?

    <p>Turn right to avoid other traffic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If an aircraft experiences a radio failure, what transponder setting should be used?

    <p>7600</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term best describes a situation requiring immediate assistance for safety?

    <p>Distress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phrase should a pilot use if they want to say 'I WOULD LIKE TO KNOW'?

    <p>REQUEST.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of an aircraft squawking code 7700?

    <p>Signals that the aircraft is in distress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation 'ATIS' stand for?

    <p>Automatic Terminal Information Service.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated when pilots might omit the ground station's call sign?

    <p>If the aircraft is in visual contact with the aerodrome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which message has a greater priority than 'TURN LEFT HEADING 090'?

    <p>REQUEST CLIMB TO FLIGHT LEVEL 150.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the frequency corresponding to a radio aid with a wavelength of 6.97 cm?

    <p>4304 MHz UHF.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the ATC message regarding severe turbulence signify?

    <p>It is a flight safety message.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What frequency band is represented by frequencies between 118.0 to 136.975 MHz?

    <p>VHF band</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under which circumstance should an aircraft squawk 7700?

    <p>In distress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a Friction Coefficient of 20 in a runway report signify?

    <p>Braking action poor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a pilot say after completing a TCAS Resolution Advisory and returning to clearance?

    <p>&quot;Clear of conflict, returning to assigned clearance&quot;.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which abbreviation is used for the term 'CONTROL ZONE'?

    <p>CTR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the phrase 'SQUAWK 1234'?

    <p>Select code 1234 on the SSR transponder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a pilot cannot comply with an ATC instruction, what should they say?

    <p>UNABLE TO COMPLY.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'READABILITY 3' indicate on the readability scale?

    <p>No problem to understand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action is required if a pilot is unable to establish radio contact with an aeronautical station?

    <p>Try to establish communication with other aircraft or stations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct transmission for indicating an altitude of 20000 feet?

    <p>LEAVING FL200, DESCENDING TO FL120.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the phrase 'DISREGARD' mean in aviation communication?

    <p>An error has been made in this transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct Q-code for true bearing from the station?

    <p>QDR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must a pilot say when requesting QFE?

    <p>Request Quebec Fox Echo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about distress communications is correct?

    <p>The distress message is sent on the air-ground frequency currently in use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During an initial call to the aerodrome control tower, when should the word HEAVY be included?

    <p>In the initial call to the control tower.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which message type is not handled by aeronautical mobile service?

    <p>Radio teletype messages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phrase is used to acknowledge that an error occurred in a message transmission?

    <p>CORRECTION</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What consequence arises from a microphone button being stuck on transmit?

    <p>All other stations lose frequency access.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by RADAR informing 'X-BC IDENTIFIED'?

    <p>Radar identification is confirmed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does SELCAL equipment do?

    <p>Automatically receives incoming signals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should a long final be announced during approach?

    <p>Between 4 and 8 NM from the runway.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct definition of a PAN message?

    <p>Does not require immediate assistance but relates to safety.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does QNE refer to?

    <p>Qcode for atmospheric pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the priority of a 'LINE UP AND WAIT' message?

    <p>Lower than 'REQUEST QDM'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation 'SAR' signify in aviation?

    <p>Search And Rescue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a pilot read back when instructed to 'CLIMB FL280'?

    <p>Climbing flight level two eight zero.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of squawking 7600 during radio communication failure?

    <p>To notify loss of communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which QNH value corresponds to the atmospheric pressure at runway threshold?

    <p>Sub-scale setting to obtain elevation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action must an aircraft take if it transmits 'TRANSMITTING BLIND DUE TO RECEIVER FAILURE'?

    <p>Advise the time of next transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by an 'unreliable' braking action on a runway?

    <p>Runway covered with ice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum distance for solid VHF communication at FL50 over flat terrain?

    <p>About 85 NM.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'WILCO' indicate in a communication context?

    <p>I understand your message and will comply.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct way to convey frequency 120.375 MHz?

    <p>One two zero decimal three seven five.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What elements should a distress message ideally contain?

    <p>Aircraft call sign, nature of distress, level, and heading.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the proper spelling for the call sign HB-JYC in radio communication?

    <p>Hotel Bravo Juliett Yankee Charlie.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When an aircraft is no longer in distress, how should it communicate this?

    <p>MAYDAY CANCELLED.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of 'attenuation of radio waves'?

    <p>A weakening of the radiated waves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a pilot do if they are unable to establish radio communication?

    <p>Try to reach other aircraft or stations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum anticipated distance for VHF contact at FL50 over flat terrain?

    <p>About 85 NM.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which distress message details are essential for effective communication?

    <p>aircraft call sign, nature of distress, present position, level and heading</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the time of '11:20' hours be transmitted in aviation communications?

    <p>one one two zero</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phrase indicates that an aircraft will hold short of the runway?

    <p>HOLDING SHORT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum frequency separation required between consecutive frequencies in the VHF band?

    <p>8.33 kHz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct Q-code for true bearing from the station?

    <p>QTE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes the priority of urgency messages in aeronautical communications?

    <p>Urgency messages have the second highest priority after distress messages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the proper phrase for a pilot to inform ATC about a non-equipped transponder?

    <p>NEGATIVE TRANSPONDER</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically used for ATIS broadcasts in aviation?

    <p>Discrete VHF frequency and/or VOR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option best describes the action for an aircraft encountering communication failure during an IFR flight in VMC?

    <p>continue to fly in VMC and land at the nearest suitable aerodrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What conveys the true heading to an aircraft from a radio direction finding station?

    <p>QDM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which message category has the highest priority among distress messages, urgency messages, and direction finding messages?

    <p>Distress message</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the aircraft registration marking represented in terms of the first letter and the last two characters?

    <p>It comprises the first letter and the last two characters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a pilot report to air traffic control to indicate leaving the active runway?

    <p>RUNWAY VACATED</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should a trainee wait before making a second call if they initially receive no response?

    <p>10 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate phrase to indicate a negative response in aviation communication?

    <p>UNABLE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the standard practice for stating an altitude of 8,500 feet?

    <p>Eight thousand five hundred</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'QDM' refer to in aviation communication?

    <p>Magnetic bearing from the station</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'SQUAWK 7500' indicate during an aircraft's communication?

    <p>Hijacking situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When an aircraft reports 'HEADING 090 AT 5000 FEET', what is the correct interpretation?

    <p>The aircraft is flying directly east at 5000 feet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the message 'ROGER' in aviation communication?

    <p>I have received your message.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phrase indicates a routine message that does not require immediate response?

    <p>PAN PAN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a pilot needs to stress the end of their message for clearer communication, they should:

    <p>Stress the end of the message.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct way to spell out the call sign 'HB-FRO' during radio communication?

    <p>Hotel Bravo Foxtrot Romeo Oscar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the instruction 'FAST AIR 345 STANDBY 118.9 FOR TOWER' specifically require the aircraft to do?

    <p>Listen for incoming communications on 118.9.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In aviation communications, what does the abbreviation 'ATIS' refer to?

    <p>Automatic Terminal Information Service</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically transmitted when indicating an altitude of 4,200 feet?

    <p>Four thousand two hundred</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the phrase 'I SAY AGAIN' imply in communication?

    <p>You should repeat your last statement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'WILCO' mean in aviation communication?

    <p>I will comply with your command.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the clearance 'CLEARED FOR IMMEDIATE TAKEOFF RUNWAY 03' signify?

    <p>A flight safety message.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must routine position reporting on HF or VHF include in addition to aircraft identification?

    <p>Position, time, level, next position, and ETA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the phrase 'RADAR SERVICE TERMINATED'?

    <p>Radar control will cease to be provided.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation 'QTE' represent in aviation communication?

    <p>True bearing from the station.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate response to an ATC instruction to 'CLIMB STRAIGHT AHEAD UNTIL 2,500 FEET'?

    <p>Straight ahead, 2,500 feet then a right turn.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of the phrase 'PAN PAN MEDICAL'?

    <p>Medical assistance is required after landing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phrase is used by ATC to instruct an aircraft to maintain a listening watch on a frequency?

    <p>MONITOR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a METAR report, what does 'CLOUD BROKEN' signify?

    <p>3 - 4 oktas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a pilot do when they are instructed to 'TAXI ONTO THE RUNWAY FOR AN IMMEDIATE ROLLING TAKE-OFF'?

    <p>Begin take-off roll once on the runway.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Q-code would you refer to if you are requested to report your height?

    <p>QFE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the instruction 'HOLD SHORT AT RUNWAY' require from the aircraft?

    <p>Stop before the runway holding position.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of message priority within the aeronautical mobile service, which statement is accurate?

    <p>Distress messages hold the highest priority.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for meteorological information broadcast to aircraft in flight?

    <p>VOLMET</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should a pilot take immediately upon squawking code 7600?

    <p>Continue standard procedures and assess communication failure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the definition of the DISTRESS condition specifically describe?

    <p>The aircraft is in imminent danger and requires immediate assistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phrase correctly precedes an URGENCY message?

    <p>Pan Pan Pan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines the Q code associated with height?

    <p>QFE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate action when ATC instructs to 'RESET SQUAWK'?

    <p>Select the numbers on the control unit again</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what condition can the word 'DECIMAL' be omitted when reporting a frequency?

    <p>When there is no likelihood of confusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    On which frequency can ATIS be typically found?

    <p>Discrete VHF or VOR frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum required readback content for the message 'CHANGE FREQUENCY TO STEPHENVILLE TOWER 118.7'?

    <p>118.7 X-CD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a pilot cannot contact a station on a designated frequency, what is the best course of action?

    <p>Switch to an alternative frequency immediately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition best describes the requirement for immediate assistance for an aircraft?

    <p>The aircraft is under threat of serious danger.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the call sign 'GROUND' in aeronautical communication?

    <p>To communicate instructions while on the surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the instruction 'ORBIT' be executed by an aircraft according to ATC?

    <p>Engage in 360-degree turn maneuvers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which abbreviation refers to a specific zone around an airport where air traffic control is highly regulated?

    <p>CTR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'DISREGARD' imply in an aviation context?

    <p>To ignore the instruction completely.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which message signifies that an instruction has to be voided and replaced with a new one?

    <p>CORRECTION</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct response if an aircraft is instructed to 'HOLD SHORT' at a specific point?

    <p>HOLDING SHORT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which message indicates a state of urgency but does not call for immediate assistance?

    <p>PAN PAN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the implication of the phrase 'CHECK' directed to an aircraft?

    <p>Inspect the aircraft systems or procedures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these phrases is typically used to acknowledge receipt of instructions?

    <p>AFFIRMATIVE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The instruction 'ABORT ABORT' signifies what action for the aircraft?

    <p>Cancel the takeoff procedure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the effectiveness of a message enhanced during communication?

    <p>Maintaining a constant volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario would 'CANCEL TAKE-OFF' be used?

    <p>To suspend take-off preparations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'CORRECTION' signify when transmitted?

    <p>To state the previous information was incorrect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the pilot do after squawking 7600?

    <p>Return to the flight plan route in the most direct manner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the standard way to express an altitude of 13,500 feet?

    <p>ONE THREE THOUSAND FIVE HUNDRED FEET</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which information is essential in a position report?

    <p>Call sign, Flight level, and Time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What suffix is used for an airfield without radar?

    <p>APPROACH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the instruction 'MONITOR ...' mean?

    <p>You need to listen out on that frequency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the phrase 'BRAKING COEFFICIENT 20' indicate?

    <p>Braking action is poor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you reply when asked to 'REPORT FLIGHT CONDITIONS'?

    <p>VMC / IMC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a waypoint in aviation?

    <p>A geographical location used for area navigation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phrase should be used to indicate a repeat message for clarity?

    <p>I SAY AGAIN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should a pilot express they are in distress?

    <p>MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a mistake is made in transmission, what term should be used?

    <p>CORRECTION</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of 'RVR' in aviation terminology?

    <p>Runway Visual Range</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the instruction to 'BREAK' in communications imply?

    <p>Separate portions of a message</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'DISTRESS TRAFFIC ENDED' signify from ATC?

    <p>All communications can resume as normal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary meaning of the phrase 'Caution Wake Turbulence' during take-off or landing?

    <p>Expect turbulence from preceding aircraft.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phrase is most appropriate for a pilot informing a control tower of their readiness for departure?

    <p>PREPARED FOR DEPARTURE.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should an aircraft communicate a situation where they are experiencing radio communication failure?

    <p>SQUAWK 7600.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the instruction 'HOLD SHORT AT RUNWAY'?

    <p>Prohibition from advancing to the runway.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct action to be taken during a 'BLIND TRANSMISSION'?

    <p>Transmit twice to ensure reception.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which call sign suffix should be added for an aircraft that exceeds a maximum take-off weight of 136 tons?

    <p>HEAVY</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should an aircraft's clearance readback be mandatory?

    <p>For clearances not in published form.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'RNAV' abbreviation stand for in aviation?

    <p>Area Navigation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct action to be taken if an ATC instruction cannot be complied with?

    <p>STATE 'UNABLE' IMMEDIATELY.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is the frequency used to report an emergency situation in the international context?

    <p>121.500 MHz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phrase is used when acknowledging a message while ensuring clarity?

    <p>I SAY AGAIN.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does QNH indicate in aviation?

    <p>Pressure at the aerodrome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the phrase 'READABILITY 5' interpreted on the radio communication scale?

    <p>Perfectly readable without issue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of squawking 7600 in aviation communication?

    <p>To denote radio communication failure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct abbreviation for the call sign CHEROKEE XY-ABC?

    <p>CHEROKEE BC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Q code is used to denote true bearing from a station?

    <p>QTE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the distress condition in aviation communication?

    <p>Imminent danger requiring immediate assistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should precede an urgency message?

    <p>Pan Pan Pan Pan Pan Pan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    On which Q code is height based?

    <p>QFE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical frequency type for ATIS?

    <p>Discrete VHF or VOR frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct phrase when requesting a repeat of a message?

    <p>SAY AGAIN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When reporting a frequency, under what condition can the use of the word 'DECIMAL' be omitted?

    <p>Never</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation AFIS stand for?

    <p>aerodrome flight information service</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the instruction 'HOLD SHORT AT RUNWAY' require from the aircraft?

    <p>to stop before entering the runway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In aeronautical communications, the phrase 'STANDBY' signifies what instruction?

    <p>to wait and I will call you</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of 'CORRECTION' in ATC communication?

    <p>an error has been made in the transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the message 'READABILITY 3' indicate?

    <p>readable but with difficulty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should a pilot take if they receive the instruction 'ABORT ABORT'?

    <p>immediately stop take-off</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should a pilot respond if instructed to 'ORBIT'?

    <p>make 360-degree turns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information should an urgency message include?

    <p>nature of the urgency and intent of the commander</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The message 'CHECK' indicates that the aircraft should?

    <p>examine a specific system or procedure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'LINE UP' signify in air traffic control communication?

    <p>take position on the runway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the call sign 'GROUND' pertain to in ATC communication?

    <p>taxiing within the maneuvering area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct call sign of 'FAST AIR 345' in its initial communication if its maximum take-off weight is 136 tons?

    <p>FAST AIR 345 HEAVY</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best reflects the priority of the message 'CLEAR TO LAND'?

    <p>higher than 'REQUEST QDM'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which frequency is designated as an international emergency frequency?

    <p>121.500 MHz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'DISTRESS' define in aviation communication?

    <p>serious threat requiring immediate assistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should an aircraft notify the control tower of its readiness for take-off?

    <p>READY FOR DEPARTURE or READY</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If an aircraft experiences a communication failure during an IFR flight, what should the pilot do?

    <p>continue the flight with ATC permission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation 'RNAV' refer to?

    <p>Area Navigation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum distance expected for strong VHF reception at FL140 over flat terrain?

    <p>About 140 NM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When transmitting an urgency call, which frequency should be used first?

    <p>The air-ground frequency in use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the call sign suffix 'ARRIVAL' indicate in a communication call?

    <p>Approach control radar arrivals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the readability level 'READABILITY 4' imply?

    <p>Readable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Q-code is utilized to report height?

    <p>QFE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what situation should an aircraft squawk 7600?

    <p>In case of radio communication failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of clearances is called a CONDITIONAL clearance?

    <p>BEHIND THE LANDING A320 LINE UP AND WAIT RUNWAY 09 BEHIND</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action must be taken when given the phrase 'HOLD SHORT AT RUNWAY'?

    <p>Stop and wait at a distance from the runway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When making a 'BLIND' transmission, how many times should it be transmitted?

    <p>Twice on the designated frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the event of squawking 7600, what action should a pilot take?

    <p>Return to the current flight plan route in the most direct manner.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct way to state an altitude of 13,500 feet?

    <p>ONE THREE THOUSAND FIVE HUNDRED FEET</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which information is essential in a position report?

    <p>Call sign, Position, and Time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the call sign suffix for an airfield that operates without radar?

    <p>APPROACH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the instruction ‘MONITOR …’ imply?

    <p>Listen out on frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the phrase 'BRAKING COEFFICIENT 20' indicate about braking action?

    <p>Poor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct response to the message 'REPORT FLIGHT CONDITIONS'?

    <p>VMC / IMC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What accurately defines a waypoint?

    <p>A geographical location relating to area navigation (RNAV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If you make a mistake during transmission, what phrase should be used?

    <p>CORRECTION</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An aircraft in a state of emergency should squawk which code?

    <p>7700</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the phrase 'GO AHEAD' mean in communication?

    <p>Proceed with your message.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which response should be given to the instruction 'CLEAR FOR IMMEDIATE TAKEOFF RUNWAY 03'?

    <p>A flight safety message.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the phrase 'DISTRESS TRAFFIC ENDED'?

    <p>Normal ATC operations are resumed after an emergency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Q-code for magnetic heading to the station without wind interference?

    <p>QDM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'FRICTION COEFFICIENT 45' in a runway report indicate?

    <p>Braking action good.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Radiotelephony Communications

    • Annul the Previously Transmitted Clearance - "Annul" is a command to immediately stop or reverse the previous clearance.
    • Conflicting Traffic Information - When communicating about other aircraft, include relative bearing in clock terms, distance from the aircraft, direction of flight, altitude (level), aircraft type and speed (slow or fast). Describe the relative movement of the aircraft and whether it's crossing, parallel, or opposite,
    • Filing a Flight Plan In-Flight - Use "Flight Information Service" (FIS) to file a flight plan during the flight.
    • Urgency Communication - "PAN PAN" is the urgency signal for situations that require immediate assistance but are not a life threatening emergency.
    • ATC Instruction Acknowledgement - "MONITORING 123.45" is used to acknowledge an instruction to listen on a specific frequency (e.g., ATIS).
    • **QNH Transmission **- "QNH one zero zero one" is the correct way to communicate QNH 1001.
    • Inability to Comply with Instruction - "UNABLE TO COMPLY" should be used when an ATC instruction cannot be followed.
    • VHF Communication Phrases - "OUT and OVER" is not normally used in VHF communication.
    • Readability Scale - "Readability 3" means communication is easily understandable.
    • Descending Aircraft - "LEAVING FL200, DESCENDING TO FL120" is the correct phraseology for an aircraft starting its descent.
    • TCAS Resolution Advisory (RA) Response - When the RA response maneuver is complete, and the aircraft is returning to the ATC's assigned clearance, use the phraseology: "CLEAR OF RA, RETURNING TO (assigned clearance)."
    • **UTC Time Transmission **- "one four zero zero" is the correct way to say 1400 UTC.
    • Readability Scale - "Readability 2" means communication is readable occasionally or intermittently.
    • Service Hours Abbreviation - "HJ" means a service is available from sunrise to sunset.
    • QTE - QTE is the true bearing from a station.
    • Transponder Code for Radio Communication Failure - The code 7600 is used for radio communication failure.
    • Repetition Phrase - "I SAY AGAIN" should be used to repeat a transmission for clarity or emphasis.
    • QDR - QDR is the magnetic bearing from a station.
    • Waypoint - A waypoint is a referenced geographical position designated on an area navigation route used for guidance.
    • Altitude/Cloud Height Transmission - "one three thousand five hundred" is the correct way to communicate an altitude or cloud height of 13,500 feet.
    • ATC Unit for Traffic Control - "Departure" controls aircraft traffic departing from an airport.
    • Incorrect Mode C SSR Reply - "STOP SQUAWK CHARLIE" is the phraseology for an aircraft to cease Mode C transponder replies due to an incorrect indication.
    • Abbreviated Call Sign Usage - An aircraft can use its abbreviated call sign when specifically addressed by the aeronautical ground station.
    • Correction Phrase - "CORRECTION" is used to correct a previous message.
    • Stuck Microphone Button - A microphone button stuck on transmit will block the frequency for others.
    • ATC Clearance Readback Termination - Terminate the readback of an ATC clearance with the word "WILCO."
    • Heavy Wake Turbulence Aircraft Call Sign - Heavy wake turbulence aircraft should include "HEAVY" after their call sign on initial calls to the tower and approach control.
    • Message Priority - "REQUEST QDM" (request magnetic bearing) has higher priority than instructions like "TURN LEFT HEADING."
    • "TRANSMITTING BLIND DUE RECEIVER FAILURE" Message - This message is transmitted on the same frequency currently in use by the aircraft.
    • QNH - QNH is the pressure at the aerodrome reduced to sea level.
    • QDR vs. QTE - QDR is magnetic bearing from the station, while QTE is true bearing from the station.
    • VHF Communication Range - Extended ranges in VHF communications can occur through super refraction.
    • PAN Message - A PAN (Pan-Pan) message indicates a situation that poses a serious or imminent danger but does not require immediate assistance.
    • "TAKE OFF" Phrase - Only use "TAKE OFF" when an aircraft is cleared for takeoff or when cancelling a takeoff clearance.

    Call Sign Abbreviations

    • The abbreviation for CHEROKEE XY-ABC is CHEROKEE BC.

    Q Codes

    • QTE signifies the TRUE BEARING from a station.
    • QDM represents the MAGNETIC BEARING towards a station
    • QFE is the height based on QFE
    • QNH is the height based QNH
    • QUJ is used for the height QFE.

    Distress and Urgency

    • DISTRESS indicates an aircraft is in imminent danger requiring immediate assistance.
    • URGENCY is a condition concerning the safety of an aircraft but does not require immediate assistance.
    • The words Pan Pan Pan precede an URGENCY message.
    • Mayday Mayday Mayday is the call for DISTRESS.

    Communications Frequencies

    • ATIS can be found on a discrete VHF or VOR frequency.
    • The VHF frequencies used for communications are 118.0 to 136.975 MHz

    Transponder Codes

    • 7600 on a transponder indicates loss of communications.
    • Reset squawk means to reselect the numbers on the transponder.
    • 7700 indicates distress.

    Aircraft Communications

    • When you need a message repeated, you should say SAY AGAIN.
    • The word DECIMAL should never be omitted when reporting a frequency.
    • The correct readback for 123.725 on 25 kHz spacing is 123.725.
    • HOLD SHORT AT RUNWAY is acknowledged with HOLDING SHORT.
    • LINE UP is a same-priority message as TAXI TO HOLDING POINT RUNWAY 20.

    Aircraft Procedures

    • OVERSHOOTING is not used when describing a missed approach.
    • GOING AROUND is used when an aircraft performs a missed approach.
    • ABORT ABORT is not used by ATC to abandon take-off.
    • STOP IMMEDIATELY is the instruction to abandon take-off.
    • The message CHECK means that you should examine a system or procedure.
    • DISREGARD means ignore.
    • MONITOR means listen out on frequency.

    ATC Procedures

    • The call sign suffix of a station providing clearance delivery is DELIVERY.
    • The term CORRECTION is used when an error has been made in the transmission and the correct version is being sent.
    • The response to a general call from ATC is to give no response.
    • The phrase READABILITY 3 means readable but with difficulty.
    • AFFIRM means yes.
    • STANDBY means wait and I will call you.
    • The phrase BRAKING COEFFICIENT 20 indicates poor braking action.
    • READABILITY 2 means readable now and then.
    • READABILITY 4 means readable.
    • VMC / IMC is the correct reply to REPORT FLIGHT CONDITIONS.
    • The clearance limit is the point to which aircraft is granted ATC clearance.
    • The instruction ORBIT from ATC means that the aircraft should carry out a 360 degree turns.
    • The phrase GO AHEAD means proceed with your message.

    General Aircraft Knowledge

    • The full range of VHF frequencies is 118.0 to 136.975 MHz.
    • 121.5 MHz is the international emergency frequency.
    • RVR stands for Runway Visual Range.
    • The time given in aeronautical communications UTC.
    • ALL STATIONS is an example of a general call.
    • DISTRESS TRAFFIC ENDED indicates normal ATC is resumed after an emergency.
    • RECLEARED means that a change has been made to your last clearance and this new clearance supersedes your previous clearance.
    • RNAV stands for Area Navigation.
    • Waypoint is a geographical location relating to area navigation (RNAV).
    • An URGENCY message should include the name of station addressed, aircraft call sign, nature of urgency condition, intention of commander, position, level, heading.
    • Clearance limit is the point to which aircraft is granted ATC clearance.
    • Clearance for "immediate take-off" is completed in one continuous movement.
    • FRICTION COEFFICIENT 45 indicates good braking action on the runway.
    • In the event of a communications failure, an aircraft should return to the current flight plan route in the most direct manner.
    • An aircraft in state of emergency shall squawk 7700.
    • MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY means imminent danger threatens the aircraft and immediate assistance is required.
    • 045 and 2500 is the correct response to report heading and level when flying north-east at 2500 feet.
    • The correct call sign for FAST AIR 345 with a maximum take-off weight of 136 tons is FAST AIR 345 HEAVY.
    • The international emergency frequency is 121.500 MHz
    • TOWER is in charge of control of local traffic, take-offs and landings at an airport.
    • ATC route clearance is always read back. When no confusion is likely to arise, reading back is not required.
    • READABILITY 4 means readable.
    • QTE represents True bearing from the station.
    • The international emergency frequency is 121.500 MHz.
    • Pan Pan Pan is the signal used for a urgency message.
    • APPROACH CONTROL is the aeronautical station associated with the suffix ARRIVAL in a call sign.
    • BLIND TRANSMISSION is a transmission when two-way communication cannot be established but it is believed that the called station is able to receive the transmission.
    • QFE represents height.
    • The transponder code 7600 is squawked in case of radio communication failure.
    • GROUND is the radiotelephony call sign for the station providing surface movement control of aircraft on the manoeuvring area.
    • Runway clearances are read back when the aircraft enters, crosses, and backtracks the runway.
    • READY FOR DEPARTURE or READY indicates that a pilot is prepared for take-off.
    • When no confusion is likely to arise, DECIMAL can be omitted.
    • The frequency separation between consecutive frequencies in the VHF band is 25 kHz.
    • A blind transmission should be made twice on the designated frequency.
    • RNAV stands for Area Navigation.
    • A CONDITIONAL clearance may be given when the aircraft is to proceed only if certain conditions are met.
    • Wet snow and slush are the runway surface conditions that would lead to unreliable braking action.
    • RADIO CHECK or TEST TRANSMISSION should be used in test transmissions.
    • The word BREAK is used to separate portions of a message.

    Radiotelephony Communications

    • Aircraft Registration: The controller may request the registration of the aircraft to identify it.

    • Transponder Code: The controller might inquire about the transponder code set on the aircraft.

    • Authorization Under Conditions: The word "CLEARED" is used to grant authorization to proceed under specified conditions.

    • Heading Readback: When instructed to turn to a heading, pilots should read back the heading using digits (e.g., "Heading three six zero, X-BC").

    • Urgency Message: A "flight regularity message" is used for urgent requests related to aircraft parts and material.

    • Aerodrome Operating Hours: The abbreviation "HX" indicates that the aerodrome's opening hours are not specified.

    • Mayday Transmission: Immediately after the "MAYDAY" prefix, transmit the call sign of the station being addressed (if known) and the nature of the emergency.

    • Negative: "NEGATIVE" means that permission is not granted.

    • Distress: The condition of an aircraft in imminent danger is referred to as "distress."

    • QDM: QDM stands for "Magnetic heading to the station (no wind)."

    • Spelling Out Call Signs: Spell out call signs using the phonetic alphabet (e.g., HB-JYC is "Hotel Bravo Juliett Yankee Charlie").

    • Q Code for Altitude: The Q code for reporting altitude is QNH.

    • Broadcast: A "BROADCAST" is a transmission of air navigation information that is not addressed to a specific station.

    • Urgency Message Response: Pilots hearing an urgency message should monitor the frequency in case assistance is needed.

    • Aviation HF Frequency Bands: Aviation HF frequency bands are between 2 850 to 25 000 MHz.

    • "Squawk IDENT": "SQUAWK IDENT" means to operate the SSR transponder "special position identification" feature.

    • Flight Regularity Messages: Flight regularity messages concern aircraft servicing.

    • Call Sign Abbreviation: Piloting can abbreviate the aircraft radio call sign when it has been first abbreviated by the ground station and there's no risk of confusion.

    • 8.33 kHz Equipment Status: To indicate the lack of 8.33 kHz equipment, pilots should reply "Negative eight point three three."

    • Aeronautical Communications Services: The main categories of aeronautical communications service are Air-Ground, Flight Information Service, and ATC.

    • Urgency Call: An urgency call includes "PAN PAN" (three times), the name of the station addressed, aircraft identification, the nature of the urgency condition, and the intention of the pilot.

    • VHF Frequencies: VHF frequencies used in the Aeronautical Mobile Service range from 118.000 - 136.975 MHz.

    • **Maintain Altitude Response **When asked "ARE YOU ABLE TO MAINTAIN FL80?" pilots should reply "AFFIRM" or "NEGATIVE."

    • Time Transmission: The correct way to transmit 9:20 AM is "Two zero."

    • Monitor: "MONITOR" means "Listen out on" a specific frequency.

    • Descent Request: Request a descent to a specific flight level using the full flight level (e.g., "request descent to flight level one-zero-zero.").

    • Spelling Out Call Signs (Example): HB-FRO is "Hotel Bravo Foxtrot Romeo Oscar" .

    • Unauthorized Communication: "PLEASE CALL A TAXI-CAB FOR US.WE WILL ARRIVE AT 1045 AS SCHEDULED" is an unauthorized message.

    • Negative: "NEGATIVE" can also mean "That is not correct."

    • Lowest Frequency for Clear Reception: The lowest frequency with likely freedom from static interference is 30 MHz.

    • "HX" "HX" indicates no specific working hours for an aerodrome.

    • Before Transmitting: Before transmitting, pilots should listen out on the frequency to avoid interfering with other stations.

    • Report: "REPORT" means to "Pass me the following information."

    • Frequency Transmission: The correct way to transmit 118.1 MHz is "One one eight decimal one."

    • Squawking 7700: An aircraft squawking 7700 indicates distress.

    • Expected Approach Time: The expected approach time is the time ATC expects an arriving aircraft to leave the holding point to begin its approach.

    • Air-Ground Communication: Air-ground communication refers to two-way communication between aircraft and ground stations.

    • Recleared: "RECLEARED" means that your last clearance has been changed.

    • Blind Transmission: A "BLIND" transmission is made to all available aeronautical stations.

    • Confirm: "CONFIRM" is used to ask a station if you received a message correctly.

    • Priority of Instructions: The instruction "TAXI TO RUNWAY 05" has the same priority as "LINE-UP RUNWAY 07 AND WAIT."

    • VHF Frequency Transmission Example: 120.375 MHz (VHF channel separated by 25 kHz) is transmitted as "One two zero decimal three seven five."

    • Communication Failure: If all attempts to contact a ground station fail, pilots should transmit messages preceded by the phrase "TRANSMITTING BLIND."

    • Overcast: In a METAR, "OVERCAST" means the sky is 100% covered in clouds

    • Visibility in a METAR: Visibility is expressed up to 5 000 m in meters, and above in kilometers.

    • Friction Coefficient 35: A "FRICTION COEFFICIENT 35" indicates that the braking action is medium.

    • Approach Control Radar Departures: The radiotelephony call sign for the aeronautical station in charge of approach control radar departures is "DEPARTURE."

    • Broken: In a METAR, "BROKEN" means that the amount of cloud cover is 5 to 7 oktas.

    • "H24" "H24" means that aircraft handling is available 24 hours a day.

    • VHF Frequencies: VHF frequencies used in the Aeronautical Mobile Service are between 118.000 - 136.975 MHz.

    • Squawking 7600: An aircraft squawking 7600 indicates radio communication failure.

    • Flight Level: A "FLIGHT LEVEL" is a surface of constant atmospheric pressure related to a datum of 1013 hPa.

    • Tower Frequency Reception: Tower frequency (e.g., 118.2 MHz) is strongest at high levels near the ground station.

    • Radio Silence: Radio silence can be imposed in case of distress traffic.

    • Extended VHF Ranges: VHF communication can have extended ranges due to super refraction.

    • Obtaining Airport METARs: Airport METARs are obtained through VOLMET.

    • "X-BC IDENTIFIED" "X-BC IDENTIFIED" means that radar identification of the aircraft has been achieved

    • Go Around: "GO AROUND" means to carry out a missed approach.

    • Squawking 7700: Setting a transponder code 7700 indicates the aircraft is in emergency

    • "MLS" "MLS" stands for Microwave Landing System

    • Turning Request: To ask for permission to turn, state "request right turn, heading one-zero-zero."

    • "REPORT FLIGHT CONDITIONS:" "REPORT FLIGHT CONDITIONS" means to indicate whether you are flying in IMC or in VMC.

    • Distress Signal: An aircraft in distress should transmit the distress signal by radiotelephony as "MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY."

    • Urgency Call Information: An urgency call includes the call sign of the station addressed, aircraft call sign, nature of the urgency condition, intention of the person in command, position, level, and heading.

    • Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA): When asked for an ETA, estimate the time of arrival at the reporting point (e.g., "estimate AAL at three-five," where "three-five" represents 12:35).

    • Canceling a Distress Condition: To cancel the distress condition, transmit "CANCEL DISTRESS"

    • Readability Scale (Readability 3): A Readability 3 on the readability scale means the message is understandable but with difficulty.

    • ATIS: ATIS stands for Automatic Terminal Information Service.

    • ACARS: ACARS stands for Aircraft Communications Addressing & Reporting System

    • VHF Frequencies: VHF frequencies used in the Aeronautical Mobile Service are between 118.000 - 136.975 MHz.

    • Squawking 7600: An aircraft squawking 7600 indicates that it's experiencing radio communication failure.

    • Flight Level: It is a surface of constant atmospheric pressure related to a datum of 1013 hPa.

    • Tower Frequency Reception: Tower frequency reception is strongest at high levels near the ground station

    • Radio Silence: Radio silence can be imposed by an aeronautical station in case of distress traffic.

    • Extended VHF Ranges: VHF communication can have extended ranges due to super refraction.

    • Obtaining Airport METARs: Airport METARs are obtained through VOLMET.

    • "X-BC IDENTIFIED": "X-BC IDENTIFIED" means that radar identification of the aircraft has been achieved.

    • Go Around: "GO AROUND" means to carry out a missed approach.

    • Squawking 7700: Setting a transponder code 7700 indicates the aircraft is in emergency.

    • "MLS": "MLS" stands for Microwave Landing System.

    • Turning Request: To ask for permission to turn, state "request right turn, heading one-zero-zero."

    • "REPORT FLIGHT CONDITIONS:" "REPORT FLIGHT CONDITIONS" means to indicate whether you are flying in IMC or in VMC.

    • Distress Signal: An aircraft in distress should transmit the distress signal by radiotelephony as "MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY."

    • Urgency Call Information: An urgency call includes the call sign of the station addressed, aircraft call sign, nature of the urgency condition, intention of the person in command, position, level, and heading.

    • Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA): When asked for an ETA, estimate the time of arrival at the reporting point (e.g., "estimate AAL at three-five," where "three-five" represents 12:35).

    • Canceling a Distress Condition: To cancel the distress condition, transmit "CANCEL DISTRESS."

    • Readability Scale (Readability 3): A Readability 3 on the readability scale means the message is understandable but with difficulty.

    • ATIS: ATIS stands for Automatic Terminal Information Service.

    • ACARS: ACARS stands for Aircraft Communications Addressing & Reporting System.

    • Scattered: In a METAR, "SCATTERED" means 3-4 oktas of cloud cover (3/8 - 1/2 of the sky)

    ATC Communications

    • ATIS (Automatic Terminal Information Service) provides pre-recorded information about airport conditions.

    • Squawking Standby (Code B) means to switch the transponder to standby position.

    • Orbit Right means to turn right to avoid other traffic.

    • Wavelength and Frequency

      • A wavelength of 6.97 cm corresponds to a frequency of 43 MHz.
      • This falls into the VHF (Very High Frequency) band.

    • Transponder Codes

      • 7700 indicates a distress condition.
      • 7600 indicates radio failure.
      • 7500 indicates a hijacking.

    • “DISTRESS” means being in serious and imminent danger requiring assistance.

    • Q-Codes

      • QDM (magnetic heading toward station) is a higher priority compared to "TURN LEFT HEADING 090".
      • QNH is a standard measure of atmospheric pressure.
      • QFE refers to the pressure at aerodrome elevation (or at runway threshold).

    • Radiotelephony Call Signs

      • APPROACH indicates approach control radar arrivals.
      • TOWER indicates aerodrome control service.

    • “ROGER” confirms receipt of a message.

    • Radio Silence is imposed by an aeronautical station in distress traffic.

    • Priority

      • QDM is a higher priority than "TURN LEFT HEADING 090".
      • "LINE-UP RUNWAY 07 AND WAIT" has the same priority as "TAXI TO RUNWAY 05".
      • "CLIMB TO FL150" has a lower priority than "TURN LEFT HEADING 090".

    • AIS (Aeronautical Information Service) provides information about aircraft routing and operations.

    • “PAN PAN PAN” (repeated three times) is used to indicate an urgency message.

    • "MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY" is used to declare a distress condition.

    • "CORRECT" confirms that a previous statement was accurate.

    • "REQUEST" indicates a request for information or action.

    • Visual Signals are used when an aircraft experiences communications failure while part of the aerodrome traffic.

    • "TRANSMITTING BLIND DUE RECEIVER FAILURE" means the aircraft is unable to receive transmissions.

    • QNH is the altimeter sub-scale setting to obtain elevation when on the ground.

    • QDR (magnetic bearing from the station)

    • VHF Communication can sometimes experience extended range from super refraction.

    • PAN Message indicates a condition that threatens safety but doesn't require immediate assistance.

    • "TAKE OFF" is only used when clear for take-off or canceling a clearance.

    • “IDENTIFIED” means the radar has identified the aircraft.

    • VHF Frequency Band is between 118.0 to 136.975 MHz

    • Message Priority Air traffic control messages follow a priority order.

    • SAR (Search and Rescue)

    • "REQUEST QFE" (Quebec Foxtrot Echo)

    • "REPORT" indicates a request for information.

    • "LONG FINAL" call is made between 4 and 8 NM from the runway during a straight-in approach.

    • SELCAL is a system that automatically receives incoming signals.

    • "TRANSMITTING BLIND DUE TO RECEIVER FAILURE" is used by an aircraft station experiencing receiver failure during a flight.

    • "LINE UP AND WAIT" has the same priority as **"TAXI TO HOLDING POINT RUNWAY 09" **

    • Read back of Instructions

      • "CLIMB FL280" is read back as "Climbing flight level two eight zero".

    • "TRANSMITTING BLIND DUE TO RECEIVER FAILURE" is used by an aircraft station experiencing receiver failure during a flight.

    • QNH is the altimeter sub-scale setting to obtain elevation.

    • "WORDS TWICE" is used when communication is difficult and the caller requests the receiving station to repeat each word in transmission.

    • Frequency Transmission (VHF separated by 25 kHz) 120.375 MHz is read as "One two zero decimal three seven five "

    • VHF Range The theoretical VHF range for reliable communication at FL50 over flat terrain can be up to 85 NM.

    • Emergency Squawk Code - 7700

    • Radio Failure Squawk Code - 7600

    • Distress Message must include aircraft call sign, route of flight, destination airport.

    • No Radio Contact If unable to establish contact with the station, try to contact other aircraft or stations.

    • Attenuation of Radio Waves refers to the weakening of the radiated waves.

    • Radiotelephony Call Sign Suffix - DELIVERY indicates clearance delivery.

    • Braking Action "UNRELIABLE"* means the braking action on the runway is unreliable.

    • "WILCO" means "I understand your message and will comply with it."

    • Radio Check - "Stephenville TOWER XV-ABC radio check 118.7"

    • "WORDS TWICE" means communication is difficult, please send every word or group of words twice.

    • Spelling Out Aircraft Registration - Hotel Bravo Juliett Yankee Charlie

    • Landing with QNH When an aircraft lands with QNH set on the altimeter, it will read the airfield elevation.

    • VHF Transmission Influence Terrain elevations and aircraft levels can affect VHF transmission.

    • Canceling a Distress Message - Use the phrase " **CANCEL DISTRESS" **

    • Read Back of ATC Instruction - “Climbing altitude two thousand five hundred feet” is the correct readback for “CLIMB ALTITUDE 2500 FEET.”

    • Flight Safety Message ATC message "FASTAIR 345, PREVIOUS DEPARTING AIRCRAFT REPORTED SEVERE TURBULENCE UP TO FL100"

    • CAVOK is used when visibility is 10km or more, there is no cloud below 5000ft AAL, no significant weather phenomena, and no cloud below MSA (Minimum Sector Altitude)

    • VHF Band 118.0 to 136.975 MHz

    • Squawk 7700 is used in distress situations.

    • Friction Coefficient 20 indicates poor braking action.

    • Radiotelephony Call Sign Suffix - DELIVERY for clearance delivery.

    • **Squawk 1234 ** means to select code 1234 on the SSR transponder.

    • "DISREGARD" cancels a previously transmitted clearance.

    • Conflicting Traffic Information - Relative bearing in clock term; distance from; direction of flight of conflicting traffic and level, type and relative speed (slow or fast). Relative movement should be described as crossing; parallel or opposite direction.

    • Flight Plan Filing Flight plans can be filed during flight with FIS (Flight Information Service).

    • Urgency Message Signal: "PAN PAN PAN” (spoken three times)

    • ATIS Broadcast Confirmation - "MONITORING 123.45"

    • QNH Transmission - "QNH one zero zero one"

    • Unable to Follow Instruction Use the phrase "UNABLE TO COMPLY"

    • Readability Scale - "READABILITY 3" means readable without difficulty.

    • Starting a Descent - "LEAVING FL200, DESCENDING TO FL120" (Correct transmission)

    Aircraft Communication

    • Pilots should say "Clear of conflict, returning to (assigned clearance)" after the TCAS Resolution Advisory (RA) response maneuver is completed.
    • The condition of an aircraft in imminent danger is referred to as distress.
    • If a pilot is unable to establish radio contact with an aeronautical station, they should try to establish communication with other aircraft or aeronautical stations.
    • When acknowledging transponder mode/code setting instructions, pilots must read back the mode and code to be set.
    • When transmitting runway visual range (RVR) for runway 16, ATC will use the following phrase: "RVR runway 16 touchdown...metres, mid-point...metres, stop end...metres"
    • The abbreviation "CTR" stands for "CONTROL ZONE".
    • The term "STANDBY" means “wait and I will call you”
    • The message "PLEASE CALL A TAXI-CAB FOR US. WE WILL ARRIVE AT 1045 AS SCHEDULED" is unauthorized.
    • “QFE" indicates the atmospheric pressure at aerodrome elevation (or at runway threshold).
    • On the readability scale, "READABILITY 5" means “Perfectly readable”.
    • The word "WILCO" means “I understand your message and will comply with it”.
    • The word "AFFIRM" is used to say “YES”.
    • "READABILITY 2" on the readability scale means “Readable now and then”.
    • "HJ" means "Sunrise to Sunset" (working hours).
    • "QTE" means “True bearing from the station”.
    • The transponder code for radio communication failure is 7600.
    • "I SAY AGAIN" is used to repeat for clarity or emphasis.
    • "QDR" is the Q-code for magnetic bearing from the station.
    • A "WAYPOINT" is a specified geographical position used to define an area navigation route or the flight path of an aircraft employing area navigation.
    • "DEPARTURE" is the ATC unit in charge of controlling the traffic.
    • "STOP SQUAWK CHARLIE" is the correct phraseology to instruct an aircraft to cease the MODE C SSR reply.
    • An aircraft station can use its abbreviated call sign after it has been addressed in this manner by the aeronautical ground station.
    • When the aircraft registration marking is used as a call sign, the first contact with a station must be in the following form: all characters of the aircraft registration marking.
    • A distress message shall contain as many as possible of the following elements: aircraft call sign, nature of distress, pilots intention, present position, level and heading.
    • The correct order of elements for a position report is: call sign, reported position, time of reported position, level or altitude, next position, ETA of the next position, aircraft type.
    • "HOLDING SHORT" is the correct phraseology to indicate that an aircraft will comply with the instruction to hold short of the runway-in-use.
    • "PAN PAN MEDICAL" is the initial distress message for a protected medical transportation flight.
    • "AIR-GROUND COMMUNICATION" means two-way communication between aircraft and stations or locations on the surface of the earth.
    • "Three thousand five hundred" is the correct way of transmitting the number 3 500 when indicating an altitude or a height.
    • Good microphone technique means using a normal conversation tone, speaking clearly and distinctly.
    • "Fastair 345 should listen on frequency 118.9 on which TOWER will initiate further communications" is the meaning of the instruction "FAST AIR 345 STANDBY 118.9 FOR TOWER".
    • The correct way of spelling out HB-FRO in a radio message is "Hotel Bravo Foxtrot Romeo Oscar."
    • The time of "1400 UTC" is transmitted as "one four zero zero".
    • "one one two zero or two zero" is the correct way to transmit the time of "11 :20" hours.
    • An aircraft encountering radio communication failure on an IFR flight in VMC should continue to fly in VMC, land at the nearest suitable aerodrome, and report its arrival.
    • "NEGATIVE TRANSPONDER" is how a pilot shall inform a radar control unit that the aircraft is not equipped with a transponder.
    • Pilots should report "RUNWAY VACATED" to the ATC controller to indicate they are no longer occupying the active runway.
    • The VHF communication has higher frequency, lower range, and higher readability than HF communications.
    • VHF communication has higher frequency, lower range, and higher readability than HF communications.
    • "PAN PAN PAN PAN PAN PAN" is the phrase used to identify an urgency call.
    • The order of priority of messages in the aeronautical mobile service is: distress message, urgency message, and direction finding message.
    • ATIS broadcasts normally use a discrete VHF frequency or/and VOR.
    • "Transmission blind due to receiver failure" is the phrase that should be transmitted at regular times or positions.
    • "REQUEST" is the phrase used to obtain some information or approval for an action.
    • "RADAR SERVICE TERMINATED" means you will no longer be provided with radar control.
    • "CLEARED FOR IMMEDIATE TAKEOFF RUNWAY 03" is a flight safety message.
    • Routine position reporting on HF or VHF must contain position, time, level, next position, and ETA.
    • The phrase "VOLMET" means meteorological information for aircraft in flight.
    • “Flight safety messages will be handled before urgency messages” accurately reflects the order of priority given to messages in the aeronautical mobile service.
    • "BROKEN" in a METAR means 5-7 oktas.
    • "two thousand six hundred feet" is the correct way to transmit an altitude of 2 600 feet.
    • The "ALT" (Mode C) selection on a transponder allows ATC to verify the accuracy of the Mode C level information displayed to the controller.
    • The aeronautical station providing flight information service uses the radiotelephony call sign "RADIO".
    • A distress message is a message concerning an aircraft being threatened by grave and imminent danger, requiring immediate assistance.
    • "PAN PAN MEDICAL" indicates that the flight is concerning a protected medical transport pursuant to the 1949 Geneva Convention.

    VHF Communications Abbreviations and Q codes

    • CHEROKEE XY-ABC is abbreviated as CHEROKEE BC for communication purposes.
    • QTE refers to the true bearing from a station.
    • QDM refers to the magnetic heading to a station.
    • QFE refers to the height above the airfield.
    • QNH refers to the height above mean sea level.

    Distress and Urgency Conditions

    • The DISTRESS condition is when an aircraft is in imminent danger and requires immediate assistance.
    • The URGENCY condition is when there is concern for the safety of the aircraft, person on board, or another vehicle, but immediate assistance is not needed.
    • An URGENCY message should be preceded by “Pan Pan Pan”.
    • A DISTRESS message should be preceded by "Mayday Mayday Mayday”.
    • The state of urgency is defined as a condition concerning the safety of an aircraft or other vehicle or of some person on board, but does not require immediate assistance.

    Aircraft Communication and Procedures

    • The phrase “STANDBY” means to wait and the other party will call you back.
    • The phrase “SAY AGAIN” should be used when requesting a repeat of a message.
    • Repeating words or messages for clarity should use "I SAY AGAIN”.
    • The phrase “CHECK” means to examine a system or procedure.
    • When reporting a frequency, the word “DECIMAL” should not be used.
    • To select the code 7600 on a transponder indicates a loss of communications.
    • The instruction “RESET SQUAWK” from ATC means to reselect the numbers on the control unit.
    • "READABILITY 3" means readable but with difficulty.
    • “AFFIRMATIVE” is used to reply "yes" to a question.
    • “WILCO” is used to indicate that the message has been received, understood, and will be complied with.
    • The phrase “GO AHEAD” is used to indicate that the other party should proceed with their message.

    ATC Communication and Procedures

    • The abbreviation AFIS stands for aerodrome flight information service.
    • The full range of VHF frequencies used for communications is 118.0 to 136.975 MHz.
    • "CORRECTION" is used when an error has been made in a transmission and the correct version is provided.
    • "DISREGARD" means to ignore a previous instruction or information.
    • "RECLEARED" means that a change has been made to the last clearance and the new clearance supersedes the previous one.
    • "CLEARANCE LIMIT" refers to the point to which an aircraft is granted ATC clearance.
    • The instruction from ATC for a missed approach is "GOING AROUND".
    • The instruction from ATC to an aircraft to abandon its take-off includes the phrase "STOP IMMEDIATELY".
    • The message "CHECK" means examine a system or procedure.

    Position Reports

    • A position report should include call sign, position, and time.
    • A full position report includes call sign, position, time, flight level, next position, and estimated time of arrival (ETA).

    Airport Terminology and Procedures

    • The abbreviation CTR stands for a control zone.
    • The call sign of a station controlling surface vehicles in the manoeuvring area would be GROUND.
    • The instruction "ORBIT" from ATC means that the aircraft should continue with 360-degree turns.
    • The instruction "HOLD SHORT AT RUNWAY" means to hold short of the runway until further clearance.
    • The message “LINE UP” has the same priority as “TAXI TO HOLDING POINT RUNWAY 20.”

    Other Important Terms

    • ATIS refers to the Automatic Terminal Information Service, which provides pre-recorded information about weather conditions, airport facilities, and other relevant information for pilots.
    • "FRICTION COEFFICIENT 45" in a runway report means good braking action.
    • "RVR" stands for Runway Visual Range.
    • "RNAV" stands for Area Navigation.
    • "MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY" is the distress call used when an aircraft is in imminent danger and requires immediate assistance.
    • The international emergency frequency is 121.5 MHz.
    • An aircraft in distress shall squawk 7700.
    • "ALL STATIONS" is an example of a general call.
    • An aircraft that has experienced radio communication failure should squawk 7600.
    • A waypoint relates to area navigation (RNAV).

    General

    • The time given in aeronautical communications is UTC (Coordinated Universal Time).
    • The initial call to the aerodrome control tower and the approach control unit for an aircraft with a maximum take-off weight of 136 tons should include the call sign "HEAVY"
    • The best signals for VHF communications are obtained when the aircraft is at high altitude and in the vicinity of the aerodrome.
    • Strong VHF reception over flat terrain at FL140 can be expected at a distance of about 140 NM.
    • A conditional clearance is a clearance that depends on a certain condition being met before the aircraft can proceed.
    • “BREAK” is used to separate portions of a message.
    • "TEST TRANSMISSION" is used for radio test transmissions.
    • During a blind transmission, a message should be transmitted twice on the designated frequency.
    • A clearance for immediate takeoff means that the subsequent taxi and take-off shall be completed in one continuous movement.
    • The frequency separation between consecutive frequencies in the VHF band is 25 KHz.
    • A clearance relating to the runway in use shall be read back only if the aircraft is to enter, cross and backtrack.
    • The radiotelephony call sign for the aeronautical station providing surface movement control of aircraft on the manoeuvring area is GROUND.
    • An aircraft station shall acknowledge receipt of the message "ALL STATIONS, STEPHENVILLE RADAR, DISTRESS TRAFFIC ENDED."

    Abbreviations and Q Codes

    • CHEROKEE XY-ABC is abbreviated as CHEROKEE BC
    • QDR is the Q code for TRUE BEARING from a station
    • QTE is the Q code for TRUE BEARING from a station
    • QFE is the Q code based on height
    • QDM is the Q code for the magnetic bearing from a station

    Communications

    • When asking for a repeat of a message, use "SAY AGAIN"
    • Never omit the word "DECIMAL" when reporting a frequency
    • "RESET SQUAWK" means to reselect the numbers on the control unit
    • When unable to contact a station on a designated frequency, try another appropriate frequency
    • The minimum content of a readback of the message "X-CD CHANGE FREQUENCY TO STEPHENVILLE TOWER 118.7" is "118.7 X-CD"
    • The best signals for VHF communications are obtained at high altitude and in the vicinity of the aerodrome
    • When making a blind transmission, transmit the message twice
    • Speak at a constant volume to make a message effective
    • Use "AFFIRM" to say "yes"
    • The phrase "STANDBY" means "wait and I will call you"
    • The correct readback of the frequency 123.725 on 25 kHz spacing is 123.725
    • The correct reply to the instruction "HOLD SHORT AT RUNWAY" is "HOLDING SHORT"
    • The priority of the "LINE UP" message is the same as "TAXI TO HOLDING POINT RUNWAY 20"
    • Clearance limit is the point to which an aircraft is granted ATC clearance
    • The instruction from ATC to an aircraft to abandon its take-off includes the phrase "STOP IMMEDIATELY"
    • "DISREGARD" means to ignore
    • The message “CHECK” to an aircraft means to examine a system or procedure
    • The call sign suffix of a station providing clearance delivery would be "DELIVERY"
    • The term "CORRECTION" is used when an error has been made in the transmission and the correct version is provided
    • The response to a general call from ATC is for the aircraft to give no response
    • If a transponder is unserviceable before an IFR departure, the pilot may proceed with the flight with ATC permission
    • The call "PAN PAN MEDICAL" indicates that the flight is concerning a protected medical transport pursuant to the 1949 Geneva Convention
    • An urgency message should include the name of station addressed, aircraft call sign, nature of urgency condition, intention of commander, position, level, heading
    • Readability 2 means that your transmission is readable now and then
    • ATC reports RVR in metres at touchdown, midpoint and stop end of runway
    • Following a communications failure, the aircraft should aim to leave the hold at EAT or ETA
    • An altitude of 13 500 ft would be spoken as "ONE THREE THOUSAND FIVE HUNDRED FEET"
    • A position report cannot leave out call sign, position and time
    • The call sign suffix for an airfield without radar would be "APPROACH"
    • The definition of the instruction "MONITOR…" is to listen out on frequency
    • The phrase “BRAKING COEFFICIENT 20” from ATC means that the braking action is poor
    • Your reply to the message "REPORT FLIGHT CONDITIONS" should be "VMC / IMC"
    • A waypoint is a geographical location relating to area navigation (RNAV)
    • If you are repeating a message for clarity then you should use the phrase "I SAY AGAIN"
    • The condition that describes the state of an aircraft in serious and/or imminent danger and requiring immediate assistance is distress
    • If you make a mistake in transmission you should use the phrase "CORRECTION"
    • An example of a general call is "ALL STATIONS"
    • The frequency 121.5 MHz is the international emergency frequency
    • The ATC message "DISTRESS TRAFFIC ENDED" signifies that normal ATC is resumed after an emergency
    • The phrase used to separate portions of a message is "BREAK"
    • The term "RECLEARED" means that a change has been made to your last clearance and this new clearance supersedes your previous clearance
    • A clearance "for immediate takeoff" means that the subsequent taxi and takeoff shall be completed in one continuous movement
    • "FRICTION COEFFICIENT 45" in a runway report means braking action is good
    • On the readability scale, "READABILITY 4" means readable
    • "GO AHEAD" means "Proceed with your message"
    • RVR means Runway Visual Range
    • QDM is the Q code for magnetic heading to the station (no wind)
    • To indicate following an instruction to contact Stephenville ARRIVAL on frequency 118.0, answer "118.0 FASTAIR 345"
    • "CLEARED FOR IMMEDIATE TAKEOFF RUNWAY 03" is a flight safety message.
    • When an aircraft station receives the call "ALL STATIONS, STEPHENVILLE RADAR, DISTRESS TRAFFIC ENDED" it is requested to resume normal communication with Stephenville RADAR.
    • The phrase used to confirm that a message has been repeated correctly is "CORRECT"
    • An aircraft in state of emergency shall squawk 7700
    • A signal sent by radiotelephony consisting of the spoken words "MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY" means imminent danger threatens the aircraft and immediate assistance is required
    • The correct response to request to report heading and level when flying north-east at 2500 feet is "Heading 045 at 2500 feet."
    • The correct call sign of "FAST AIR 345" in the initial call to aero control tower and approach control unit, if the aircraft has a maximum take-off weight of 136 tons is "FAST AIR 345 HEAVY"
    • The maximum distance at which you may expect strong VHF reception over flat terrain at FL140 is about 140 NM
    • The first transmission of an urgency call shall be on the air-ground frequency in use at the time
    • The international emergency frequency is 121.500 MHz
    • The air traffic service in charge of control of local traffic, take-offs and landings at an airport is TOWER
    • An ATC route clearance shall always be read back unless authorized otherwise by ATS authority concerned
    • On the readability scale, "READABILITY 4" means readable
    • QTE means True bearing from the station
    • An aircraft in urgency shall send the signal "PAN PAN, PAN PAN, PAN PAN" by radiotelephony
    • A radiotelephony call to an aeronautical station followed by the suffix "ARRIVAL" after its callsign is a transmission to approach control radar arrivals
    • A "BLIND TRANSMISSION" is a transmission from one station to another station in circumstances where two-way communication cannot be established but it is believed that the called station is able to receive the transmission
    • QFE is the Q code used to report height
    • An aircraft shall squawk 7600 in case of radio communication failure
    • The radiotelephony call sign for the aeronautical station providing surface movement control of aircraft on the manoeuvring area is "GROUND"
    • Clearances relating to the runway in use shall be read back only if the aircraft is to enter, cross and backtrack
    • A pilot shall inform the control tower that he is prepared for take-off with "READY FOR DEPARTURE or READY"
    • An ATS unit shall instruct Fastair 345 to contact Stephenville RADAR on frequency 132.0083 (8.33 KHz frequency spacing) with "Fastair 345 contact Stephenville RADAR on 132.010"
    • The frequency separation between consecutive frequencies in the VHF band is 25 kHz
    • In the event that a pilot is required to make a "BLIND" transmission, this should be made twice on the designated frequency
    • RNAV means Area Navigation
    • An example of a CONDITIONAL clearance is "BEHIND THE LANDING A320 LINE UP AND WAIT RUNWAY 09 BEHIND"
    • The runway surface condition for which braking action would be unreliable is wet snow and slush
    • Test transmissions should include the words "RADIO CHECK"
    • The maximum distance at which you may expect strong VHF reception over flat terrain at FL140 is about 140 NM
    • The radar controller is telling you to transmit your transponder code when transmitting "CONFIRM SQUAWK"
    • The Q code for True heading to the station (no wind) is QNE

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    Test your knowledge of radiotelephony communications with this quiz. You'll cover essential commands, traffic information, flight plan filing, urgency communications, and ATC communication acknowledgments. Perfect for aviation enthusiasts and professionals looking to refine their skills.

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