Radionuclide Evaluation of the Genitourinary System

Which of the following is NOT a primary mechanism of the excretory function of the kidneys?

According to the passage, what percentage of renal plasma flow is cleared by glomerular filtration?

Based on the information provided, which of the following imaging techniques is primarily used for evaluating renal anatomy?

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an indication for radionuclide scanning in the text?

According to the passage, what percentage of renal plasma flow is cleared by tubular secretion?

Which of the following imaging modalities is NOT mentioned in the passage as being widely used for evaluating renal anatomy?

Which of the following is NOT a reason for omitting the renal perfusion phase of the renal scan?

What is the typical duration of the renal parenchymal function phase imaging?

What is the purpose of administering the diuretic furosemide (Lasix) during the collecting system phase of the renal scan?

What is the purpose of obtaining postvoid or postambulation images during the collecting system phase of the renal scan?

What is the typical time frame for the classic renogram curve using tubular secretion radiopharmaceuticals like 99mTc-MAG3?

What is the purpose of the aortic region of interest in the renogram analysis?

What is the typical duration of the initial renal perfusion or vascular transit phase of the renogram curve?

Which of the following is NOT a typical finding in the normal renogram curve using a tubular secretion radiopharmaceutical like 99mTc-MAG3?

Which of the following is NOT one of the three phases of the normal computer-generated renogram curve using a tubular radiopharmaceutical?

What is the purpose of the background subtraction regions of interest in the renogram analysis?

What is the purpose of scaling the graphical axes differently during renography?

Which phase of renography is characterized by a down slope of the curve due to excretion of the radiopharmaceutical from the kidney?

What may occur in a renogram curve if a patient is dehydrated during the renography?

What is a common indicator used for quantitative assessment of renal function in radionuclide techniques?

In normal renograms, what is considered a normal value for the time to peak activity (Tmax)?

What renal function measure involves expresssing clearances as volume of plasma?

Why should patients be well hydrated before a functional renal imaging examination?

What is the purpose of administering furosemide during functional renal imaging?

Why is it important to empty the bladder before administering furosemide during the examination?

In patients who cannot empty their bladders, what intervention may be used during the examination?

What is the role of real-time visual inspection in functional renal imaging?

Why is the timing of furosemide injection considered critical during functional renal imaging?

Which of the following radiopharmaceuticals is primarily excreted through tubular secretion?

What percentage of the injected dose of 99mTc-glucoheptonate remains bound to the renal tubules?

Which of the following statements about 99mTc-DMSA is NOT true?

What is the primary purpose of using 99mTc-DTPA in renal evaluation?

Which of the following statements about 99mTc-glucoheptonate is true?

What is the approximate percentage of the injected dose of 99mTc-DMSA concentrated in the renal cortex at 6 hours?

Which of the following radiopharmaceuticals requires delayed images 1 to 3 hours after injection in patients with poor renal function?

What is the primary advantage of using 99mTc-glucoheptonate over 99mTc-DMSA for renal imaging?

Which of the following statements about the glomerulus is true?

What is the typical adult administered activity of 99mTc-glucoheptonate for renal evaluation?

What is the main purpose of diuretic renography?

Why is 99mTc-MAG3 preferred over 99mTc-DTPA in renography?

What characterizes a classic acute or sub-acute high-grade obstructive renogram curve?

In patients with nonobstructive hydronephrosis, which part of the urinary system might not reach sufficient pressures during imaging?

What type of activity curve is expected in post-diuretic renography for a patient with functional obstruction?

What does the peak aortic activity represent in renography?

What radiopharmaceutical is the agent of choice for renography in suspected obstructive hydronephrosis?

What is the main benefit of using diuretic renography?

Which imaging technique is used to distinguish obstructive collecting system dilatation from nonobstructive hydronephrosis?

What is the normal 20-minute maximal cortical ratio for 99mTc-MAG3?

Which radiopharmaceutical is primarily used for the calculation of PAH clearance and ERPF?

How is the GFR defined using radiopharmaceutical analogs?

What is used to estimate ERPF for tubular agents like 99mTc-MAG3?

Which method of determining GFR and ERPF involves plasma sample-based clearances?

Why are camera-based clearances not as accurate as plasma sample-based clearances?

Which radiopharmaceutical is used for insulin clearance and GFR estimation?

What role do computer-derived clearance values play in camera-based clearances?

'Effective' in the term 'effective renal plasma flow' means what?

How is MAG3 clearance expressed as a renal functional measurement?

Which of the following imaging techniques is primarily used for evaluating space-occupying lesions, functioning pseudotumors, or edema/scarring associated with acute or chronic pyelonephritis in the renal cortex?

In patients with acute tubular necrosis (ATN), what pattern is typically observed on a renogram with 99mTc-MAG3?

Which of the following statements regarding acute renal vein thrombosis is true?

What is the primary advantage of radionuclide imaging techniques over structural imaging methods like ultrasonography in evaluating urinary tract obstruction?

In cases of acute high-grade urinary tract obstruction, what pattern is typically observed on a routine radionuclide renogram?

Which of the following imaging modalities is considered the procedure of choice for evaluating renal artery occlusion, avulsion, or stenosis?

In the evaluation of diffuse renal diseases like acute pyelonephritis or chronic glomerulonephritis, what is the typical finding on radionuclide imaging?

Which of the following imaging findings in acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is associated with a favorable prognostic outcome?

What is the purpose of using a pinhole or high-resolution collimator, or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in renal cortical imaging?

In the evaluation of acute pyelonephritis, what is the typical finding on a posterior perfusion image obtained after intravenous administration of technetium-99m mertiatide?

Which of the following statements about the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and DTPA is correct?

What is the primary mechanism of clearance for the radiopharmaceutical agent MAG3 (mercaptoacetyltriglycine)?

Which of the following statements about the extraction fraction of DTPA and MAG3 is true?

Which of the following statements about the typical administered activity for DTPA and MAG3 in adults is correct?

Which of the following statements about the renal perfusion phase of functional renal imaging is correct?

Which of the following statements about the imaging agent used for the renal perfusion phase is correct?

Which of the following is a potential pitfall in interpreting the renal perfusion phase?