Radiology Techniques

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of the AP Open Mouth view in radiography of the cervical spine?

To visualise the entire cervical spine

To demonstrate the atlas and axis through the open mouth (correct)

To visualise the lumbar spine

To visualise the thoracic spine

What is the focal film distance used in the AP Open Mouth view?

120cm

100cm

150cm (correct)

180cm

What is the tube tilt used in the AP Lower Cervical view?

0 degrees

15 degrees cephalad (correct)

10 degrees cephalad

5 degrees cephalad

What is the purpose of extending the neck slightly in the AP Lower Cervical view?

To make the body of the mandible horizontal Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of the central ray in the AP Lower Cervical view?

Between the sterno-clavicular joints and the chin, in the midline Signup and view all the answers

What is the optimum kVp used in the AP Lower Cervical view?

70 kVp Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of instructing the patient to stop breathing and remain still in radiography?

To reduce movement during the exposure Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of collimating to just below the nose vertically and to the mastoids horizontally in the AP Open Mouth view?

To exclude the eyes from the primary beam Signup and view all the answers

What information must be displayed on radiographs?

Patient's identity, date of examination, and name of clinic Signup and view all the answers

Why should a pregnancy test be indicated?

If the patient is unsure about their pregnancy status Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the side marker on radiographs?

To indicate the side of the body (R, L, RPO, LPO, RAO, LAO) Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum information required on the wriCen consent form?

Patient's statement that they are not pregnant to the best of their knowledge Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of collimation in radiography?

To improve image quality by reducing scattered radiation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for radiographic imaging?

Patient's medical history review Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the filter used in thoracic spine radiography?

To reduce the effect of beam hardening Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct positioning of the image storage device for the AP thoracic spine view?

5 cm above the C7 spinous process Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using an 8mm stepped filter in the lateral thoracic spine view?

To reduce scatter radiation Signup and view all the answers

In the AP lumbo-pelvic view, what is the direction of the central ray?

Directed 5cm below the height of the most lateral aspect of the iliac crests Signup and view all the answers

What is the ideal patient position for the lateral thoracic spine view?

Patient stands erect with their back against the grid device Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the grid device in the lateral thoracic spine view?

To reduce scatter radiation Signup and view all the answers

In the lateral thoracic spine view, what is the verticle collimation?

Within the vertical borders of the image storage device Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of suspended inspiration in the lateral thoracic spine view?

To reduce movement artifacts Signup and view all the answers

In the AP lumbo-pelvic view, what is the purpose of collimation?

To limit the x-ray beam to the area of interest Signup and view all the answers

What is the ideal foot positioning for the AP lumbo-pelvic view?

Feet 10-15cm apart Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Radiography of the Cervical Spine

Standard cervical series:
- AP Open Mouth View (APOM)
- AP Lower Cervical View (APLC)
- Lateral Cervical View

AP Open Mouth View (APOM)

Focal film distance: 150cm
Tube tilt: 0°
Optimum kVp: 80 kVp
Patient position:
- Stand with back against the erect bucky
- Mid-sagittal plane of the body centered to the midline of the bucky
- Head position: mid-sagittal plane perpendicular to the grid
- Mouth open as far as possible
- Lower edges of the upper incisors aligned with the base of the skull
Central Ray: in the midline, at the level of the atlas transverse process (C1 T.P)
Collimation: to just below the nose vertically and to the mastoids horizontally
Patient instructions: stop breathing and remain still
Structures shown: atlas and axis through the open mouth

AP Lower Cervical View (APLC)

Focal film distance: 150cm
Tube tilt: 15° cephalad
Optimum kVp: 70 kVp
Patient position:
- Stand with back against the erect bucky
- Head immobilized with mid-sagittal plane perpendicular to the grid
- Neck extended slightly so body of mandible is horizontal
Central Ray: vertically, between sterno-clavicular joints and the chin, in the midline

Thoracic Spine

AP Thoracic View (AP-T)
- Focal film distance: 150cm
- Tube tilt: 0°
- Optimum kVp: 80 kVp
- Patient position: stand erect with back against the grid device
- Central Ray: T6/T7 vertebral body
- Collimation: vertically within vertical borders of image storage device, and 2cm either side of sternal edge
- Patient instructions: suspend inspiration and remain still
- Structures shown: vertebrae C7 to L1 in their AP orientation, proximal ends of the anterior rib, and medial borders of both lung fields

Lateral Thoracic View

Focal film distance: 150cm
Tube tilt: 0°
Optimum kVp: 90 kVp
Patient position: stand erect with side of interest against the grid device in the true lateral position
Central Ray: vertically, as per AP Thoracic spine, and horizontally, posterior aspect of the kyphosis remains within collimation
Collimation: vertically within vertical borders of image storage device, and to include apex of curve posteriorly to the axillary fold anteriorly
Filter: 8mm stepped filter over the lower half of the collimation
Patient instructions: suspend inspiration and remain very still
Structures shown: all thoracic vertebrae in their lateral orientation

Lumbar Spine

Standard chiropractic series:
- A-P Lumbo-Pelvic View - erect
- Lateral Lumbo Sacral View - erect
Additional views if indicated:
- Oblique views
- Spot views of SIJs, sacrum, L5/S1, Coccyx
- Functional views

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Description

Quiz about radiology techniques, including optimal kVp, patient positioning, central ray, and identifying structures shown in radiology images.