Radiology Imaging Modalities Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which imaging modality is recommended for imaging the colon without the need for a colonoscopy?

  • MR enterography
  • CT angiography
  • MRCP
  • CT enterography (correct)

    • What is the main advantage of CT angiography of the mesenteric vessels?

  • Visualizing the biliary tree
  • Imaging abdominal masses
  • Detecting bowel ischemia (correct)
  • Detecting appendicular abscess

    • Which imaging technique is primarily used for evaluating appendicitis complications like appendicular abscess?

  • CT (correct)
  • US
  • IVP
  • MRI

    • In urological disorders, which imaging modality is used to detect vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in children?

    <p>MCUG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best imaging modality for brain disorders such as congenital, inflammatory, and neoplastic conditions?

    <p>MRI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging technique is recommended in cases of trauma and emergency to detect hemorrhage and calcifications in the brain?

    <p>CT enterography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What modality is commonly used in skeletal surveys for pediatric and adult patients?

    <p>X-ray</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which route of contrast administration is typically used for gastrointestinal imaging?

    <p>Oral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main indication for performing a Ba enema procedure?

    <p>Structural abnormalities of the colon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging technique uses high-frequency sound waves to produce internal body images?

    <p>Ultrasound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is diagnosed based on a Bone Mineral Density (BMD) score below -2.5 and a history of fractures?

    <p><strong>Osteoporosis</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of an Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP) procedure?

    <p><strong>Ascending urography</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What imaging modality is preferred for accurately identifying the nidus of an osteoid osteoma?

    <p>CT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common reason for performing amputation?

    <p>Failure of medical therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which rare complication can develop as a result of Marjolin ulcer?

    <p>Secondary sarcoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which bones do osteoid osteomas mostly occur?

    <p>Long bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which benign bone tumor is centrally located with endosteal scalloping and contains chondroid matrix with 'ring-and-arc' or 'popcorn' calcifications?

    <p>Enchondroma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of the intramedullary lesion at the proximal metaphysis of the tibia?

    <p>Liquified core</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging findings are associated with the rounded intramedullary lesion at the tibia's proximal metaphysis?

    <p>Coronal T1 post contrast fat sat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the second-most common benign bone tumor, accounting for 10% of all such lesions?

    <p>Enchondroma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can an intraosseous abscess be related to according to the provided information?

    <p>Chronic pyogenic osteomyelitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are enchondromas most frequently found?

    <p>Short tubular bones of hands and feet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Ring-and-arc' or 'popcorn' calcifications are characteristic of which benign bone tumor?

    <p>Enchondroma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common variant of Chiari malformations?

    <p>Chiari I malformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging modality is the preferred choice for diagnosing Chiari I malformation?

    <p>MRI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of Chiari I malformation when observed on sagittal MRI imaging?

    <p>Pointed tonsils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the possible causes of congenital brain malformations according to the text?

    <p>Genetic abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of anomaly accounts for approximately one third of all major anomalies diagnosed at or after birth?

    <p>Congenital brain malformations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of perinatal deaths do congenital central nervous system disorders cause?

    <p>25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Skeletal Survey

    • Pediatric: used for dysplasia syndromes
    • Adults: used for metabolic diseases, such as hyperparathyroidism

    Imaging Modalities

    • X-ray: used for skeletal survey, but poor discrimination of internal organs, so contrast administration is needed
    • Fluoroscopy: used for gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and angiography imaging, as well as for intraoperative procedures like foreign body removal and nephrostomy

    Conventional Radiography

    • Uses: gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and skeletal imaging
    • Procedures: Ba swallow, Ba meal, Ba enema, IVP, angiography, and ascending urography

    DEXA (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry)

    • Used for bone density measurement
    • WHO classification:
      • Normal: BMD > -1.0
      • Osteopenia: BMD between -1.0 and -2.5
      • Osteoporosis: BMD < -2.5 and history of one or more fractures

    Ultrasound

    • Uses: gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and skeletal imaging
    • Procedure: used for initial investigation of appendicitis

    CT Scan

    • Uses: trauma, abdominal masses, and inflammatory bowel disease
    • Advantages:
      • CT enterography for imaging the bowel
      • CT virtual colonoscopy for imaging the colon
      • CT angiography for imaging the mesenteric vessels

    MRCP (Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography)

    • Uses: imaging the biliary tree in cases of jaundice and congenital biliary malformations
    • Procedure: MRI enterography for imaging the bowel in cases of inflammatory bowel disease

    Neurological Disorders

    • Imaging recommendations:
      • CT for trauma and emergency cases
      • MRI for brain disorders (congenital, inflammatory, neoplastic)
    • Uses:
      • Detecting hemorrhage and calcification
      • Visualizing the urinary tract without contrast medium or radiation

    Osteomyelitis

    • Characteristics:
      • Geographic margins
      • Liquified core
      • Surrounded by moderate perifocal edema
      • Post-contrast enhancement
    • Complications:
      • Sinus tract formation
      • Marjolin ulcer
      • Secondary sarcoma
      • Pathological fracture
      • Secondary amyloidosis

    Osteoid Osteoma

    • Characteristics:
      • Radiolucent nidus
      • Focal calcification
      • Benign periosteal reaction
    • Diagnosis:
      • CT is the modality of choice
      • MRI may obscure the nidus, leading to a wrong diagnosis

    Enchondroma

    • Characteristics:
      • Cartilaginous tumors
      • Contain chondroid matrix
      • "Ring-and-arc" or "popcorn" calcifications
      • Centrally located with endosteal scalloping
      • Frequent occurrence in short tubular bones of the hands and feet
    • Diagnosis:
      • MRI shows high T2 signal and lobular contour
      • Malignant transformation is rare in the pediatric population

    Osteochondroma

    • Characteristics:
      • Most common benign bone tumor
      • Also referred to as exostosis
      • Frequent occurrence in the first three decades
      • Centrally located with endosteal scalloping
      • May have small foci of low signal due to calcification in the chondroid matrix

    Penetrating Head Injury

    • Characteristics:
      • Diffuse axonal injury
      • Cerebral contusions
      • Temporal fractures
    • Imaging:
      • CT is the modality of choice
      • MRI shows high T2 signal and lobular contour

    Congenital CNS Disorders

    • Characteristics:
      • Abnormal developments of the brain during intrauterine life
      • Causes: genetic, environmental, and infectious
      • Complications: approximately 25% of perinatal deaths and one-third of all major anomalies diagnosed at or after birth
    • Examples: Chiari malformations

    Chiari Malformations

    • Characteristics:
      • Caudal displacement of the cerebellum and brainstem
      • Chiari I malformation: most common variant, characterized by a caudal descent of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum
    • Diagnosis:
      • MRI is the imaging modality of choice
      • Sagittal imaging shows pointed tonsils with a peg-like appearance

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on various radiology imaging modalities used in skeletal surveys for pediatric and adult patients, including X-ray with Contrast Administration, Fluroscopy, Oral, Rectal, and IV contrast techniques. Explore the different imaging techniques for specific body parts and conditions.

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