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Questions and Answers
What is the source to image distance for all toes, foot, ankle, heel projections?
What is the source to image distance for all toes, foot, ankle, heel projections?
40 inches
What is the image receptor size for all toes, foot, ankle, heel projections?
What is the image receptor size for all toes, foot, ankle, heel projections?
10" x 12"
In the AP toes position, where should the central ray be directed?
In the AP toes position, where should the central ray be directed?
1: IP joint, 2: PIP joint
What is the optional angling for AP toes positioning?
What is the optional angling for AP toes positioning?
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What is seen in an AP oblique toes projection?
What is seen in an AP oblique toes projection?
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How should the lateral toes be positioned for the projection?
How should the lateral toes be positioned for the projection?
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What structures can be seen in a lateral toe projection?
What structures can be seen in a lateral toe projection?
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What is the positioning for an AP foot projection?
What is the positioning for an AP foot projection?
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What is the purpose of obtaining stress views in ankle imaging?
What is the purpose of obtaining stress views in ankle imaging?
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How many phalanges, metatarsals, and tarsals are in the foot?
How many phalanges, metatarsals, and tarsals are in the foot?
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What bones make up the midfoot area of the foot?
What bones make up the midfoot area of the foot?
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Describe the hindfoot in terms of bones.
Describe the hindfoot in terms of bones.
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What is the dorsum of the foot?
What is the dorsum of the foot?
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Define the plantar surface of the foot.
Define the plantar surface of the foot.
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What should be visible in a lateral oblique ankle X-ray?
What should be visible in a lateral oblique ankle X-ray?
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When are stress views obtained in ankle imaging?
When are stress views obtained in ankle imaging?
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What would a ruptured ligament in the ankle/foot show on X-ray?
What would a ruptured ligament in the ankle/foot show on X-ray?
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How should the patient be positioned for a mediolateral ankle X-ray?
How should the patient be positioned for a mediolateral ankle X-ray?
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What is the recommended cephalic angle for the axial plantodorsal heel projection?
What is the recommended cephalic angle for the axial plantodorsal heel projection?
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How should the foot be positioned for a mediolateral heel projection?
How should the foot be positioned for a mediolateral heel projection?
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What method is used for sesamoids positioning when the patient is seated?
What method is used for sesamoids positioning when the patient is seated?
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What is the central ray entry point for the AP foot projection?
What is the central ray entry point for the AP foot projection?
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Which projection shows the lateral aspect of the foot, including possible fractures or foreign bodies?
Which projection shows the lateral aspect of the foot, including possible fractures or foreign bodies?
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What structures are seen in the medial oblique foot projection?
What structures are seen in the medial oblique foot projection?
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How should the ankle be positioned for the axial dorsoplantar heel projection?
How should the ankle be positioned for the axial dorsoplantar heel projection?
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What is the key structure seen in the sesamoids projection using the Lewis method?
What is the key structure seen in the sesamoids projection using the Lewis method?
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How should the foot be positioned for the mediolateral foot projection?
How should the foot be positioned for the mediolateral foot projection?
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What is the recommended collimation for the axial plantodorsal heel projection?
What is the recommended collimation for the axial plantodorsal heel projection?
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What term is used to describe the movement of turning the whole foot inward?
What term is used to describe the movement of turning the whole foot inward?
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Which tarsal bone is known as 'Os Calcis' or 'Heel'?
Which tarsal bone is known as 'Os Calcis' or 'Heel'?
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How many phalanges are usually found in the 2nd to 5th toes of the foot?
How many phalanges are usually found in the 2nd to 5th toes of the foot?
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What type of joint classification do all the joints of the foot have?
What type of joint classification do all the joints of the foot have?
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Where are the sesamoid bones in the foot usually located?
Where are the sesamoid bones in the foot usually located?
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Which metatarsal bone is the shortest and thickest in the foot?
Which metatarsal bone is the shortest and thickest in the foot?
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What is the alternate name for the 'ankle joint' in the foot?
What is the alternate name for the 'ankle joint' in the foot?
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What is the main function of the longitudinal arch of the foot?
What is the main function of the longitudinal arch of the foot?
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What is the common site of fracture in the foot?
What is the common site of fracture in the foot?
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Which metatarsal bone is the longest in the foot?
Which metatarsal bone is the longest in the foot?
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Study Notes
X-ray Projections
- Source to image distance for all toes, foot, ankle, and heel projections: not specified.
- Image receptor size for all toes, foot, ankle, and heel projections: not specified.
Toes Projections
- AP toes position: central ray directed perpendicular to the image receptor, centered at the base of the 2nd toe.
- Optional angling for AP toes positioning: 10-15° medial rotation.
- AP oblique toes projection: shows entire toe, including the phalanges and surrounding soft tissue.
- Lateral toes positioning: foot and toes are rotated 90° laterally, with the lateral aspect of the foot facing the image receptor.
- Structures seen in a lateral toe projection: phalanges, surrounding soft tissue, and possible fractures or foreign bodies.
Foot Projections
- AP foot positioning: foot is rotated 15-20° medially, with the central ray directed perpendicular to the image receptor, centered at the level of the metatarsal bases.
- Structures seen in an AP foot projection: entire foot, including the phalanges, metatarsals, and surrounding soft tissue.
Ankle Projections
- Stress views in ankle imaging: obtained to assess joint instability or ligamentous injuries.
- Purpose of obtaining stress views: to evaluate ankle joint stability and detect possible ligamentous injuries.
Anatomy of the Foot
- Number of phalanges, metatarsals, and tarsals in the foot: 14 phalanges, 5 metatarsals, and 7 tarsals.
- Bones that make up the midfoot area: cuboid, navicular, and three cuneiform bones.
- Bones that make up the hindfoot: talus and calcaneus (os calcis or heel).
- Dorsum of the foot: the top of the foot.
- Plantar surface of the foot: the bottom of the foot.
Ankle and Heel Projections
- Lateral oblique ankle X-ray: shows the lateral aspect of the ankle and surrounding soft tissue.
- Stress views obtained in ankle imaging: when assessing joint instability or ligamentous injuries.
- Ruptured ligament in the ankle/foot on X-ray: may show as a widening of the joint space or a small avulsion fracture.
- Positioning for a mediolateral ankle X-ray: ankle is rotated 90° medially, with the medial aspect of the ankle facing the image receptor.
- Recommended cephalic angle for the axial plantodorsal heel projection: 30-40°.
- Foot positioning for a mediolateral heel projection: heel is rotated 90° medially, with the medial aspect of the heel facing the image receptor.
- Method used for sesamoids positioning when the patient is seated: the patient is seated with the foot flat on the floor, and the image receptor is placed vertically.
- Central ray entry point for the AP foot projection: centered at the level of the metatarsal bases.
- Projection that shows the lateral aspect of the foot: lateral oblique foot projection.
- Structures seen in the medial oblique foot projection: medial aspect of the foot, including the medial malleolus and surrounding soft tissue.
Other
- Ankle joint classification: synovial hinge joint.
- Location of the sesamoid bones in the foot: embedded within the tendons that connect to the 1st metatarsal bone.
- Shortest and thickest metatarsal bone in the foot: 1st metatarsal bone.
- Alternate name for the 'ankle joint': talocrural joint.
- Main function of the longitudinal arch of the foot: to absorb shock and distribute body weight.
- Common site of fracture in the foot: calcaneus (os calcis or heel).
- Longest metatarsal bone in the foot: 3rd metatarsal bone.
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Description
Toes, Foot, Ankle Heel Quiz