Intro to Radiology
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Questions and Answers

What is an advantage of using nuclear medicine?

  • Can see spinal cord
  • High anatomical detail
  • Provides functional information (correct)
  • Low radiation dose

    • What is a disadvantage of using CT scans with contrast?

  • Poor tendon/ligament detail (correct)
  • Can’t see vascular structures
  • Provides functional information
  • Can’t see spinal cord

    • How does ultrasound work?

  • Piezoelectric effect (correct)
  • X-ray
  • Pharmacokinetics of radioactive isotopes
  • Ionizing radiation

    • What is the echogenicity term for something that reflects sound waves?

    <p>Hyperechoic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fatal cancer risk per mSv of radiation?

    <p>1 in 20,000 per mSv</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many years of background radiation is a CT chest, abdomen, and pelvis equivalent to?

    <p>4 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the radiation dose of a chest X-ray?

    <p>0.04 mSv</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of using ultrasound?

    <p>No radiation dose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an advantage of ultrasound?

    <p>Can see through bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an advantage of MRI?

    <p>No ionizing radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these modalities is used for neuro imaging?

    <p>MRI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between low frequency and high frequency ultrasound?

    <p>High frequency has better resolution, while low frequency penetrates deeper.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a disadvantage of MRI?

    <p>Slow scan time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between MRI and NMR?

    <p>MRI is a type of NMR that uses magnetic fields to create images.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of radiology?

    <p>To see living anatomy using technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of radiology modality?

    <p>Endoscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant disadvantage of X-rays?

    <p>They use ionizing radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of Hounsfield units in CT scans?

    <p>They measure density relative to air and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'windowing' refer to in CT scans?

    <p>The adjustment of brightness and contrast for specific tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is there a large number of imaging tests conducted annually?

    <p>Advanced technology has made them affordable and accessible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the anatomical planes used in radiology?

    <p>Standardized sections to visualize anatomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred about MRI scans compared to X-rays?

    <p>MRI scans are superior for soft tissue detail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    What is Radiology?

    • Radiology is the use of technology to see living anatomy
    • It involves both diagnostic and interventional procedures

    Why do I need to know Radiology?

    • In 2021-22, there were 43.3 million imaging tests in the UK
    • Breakdown of imaging tests:
      • 21 million X-rays
      • 10 million Ultrasounds
      • 6.6 million CT Scans
      • 3.7 million MRI Scans

    Radiology Modalities

    X-ray

    • Uses ionizing radiation
    • Advantages:
      • Quick
      • Available
      • Good bone detail
      • Good lung detail
    • Disadvantages:
      • Ionizing radiation
      • Poor soft tissue detail
      • 2D representation of 3D structures

    CT (Computed Tomography)

    • Concepts:
      • Anatomical planes
      • Orientation
      • Density (Hounsfield units)
      • Windowing
      • Contrast
    • Advantages:
      • Quick
      • 3D view
      • Can see vascular structures with contrast
    • Disadvantages:
      • Ionizing radiation
      • Can't see spinal cord
      • Less detail in the brain
      • Poor tendon/ligament detail

    Nuclear Medicine

    • Uses radioactive isotopes
    • Types:
      • V/Q
      • Bone
      • PET
    • Advantages:
      • Provides functional information
    • Disadvantages:
      • Ionizing radiation
      • Poor anatomical detail

    Radiation Dose

    • Average background radiation: 2.2 mSv per year
    • Radiation dose from various tests:
      • Chest X-ray: 0.04 mSv (1 week)
      • CT Chest, abdomen, and pelvis: 8 mSv (4 years)

    Ultrasound

    • Uses high-frequency sound waves
    • How it works:
      • Piezoelectric effect
    • Echogenicity:
      • Reflected
      • Transmitted
      • Inbetween
    • Types:
      • Anechoic
      • Hypoechoic
      • Isoechoic
      • Hyperechoic
    • Advantages:
      • Quick
      • Available
      • No radiation
      • Excellent soft tissue resolution
      • Can see blood flow
    • Disadvantages:
      • Operator dependent
      • Can't see through bone
      • Can't see through air

    MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

    • Uses magnets and radiowaves
    • Advantages:
      • Excellent soft tissue detail
      • Fluid sensitive (can see oedema)
      • No ionizing radiation
    • Disadvantages:
      • Slow - artefacts
      • Contraindications
      • Claustrophobic
      • Bony detail not as good as X-ray or CT

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    Related Documents

    Introduction to Radiology PDF

    Description

    Learn the basics of radiology, its importance, and different modalities used in medical imaging. This quiz covers X-ray, CT, Nuclear medicine, Ultrasound, and MRI.

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