Questions and Answers
What is an advantage of using nuclear medicine?
What is a disadvantage of using CT scans with contrast?
How does ultrasound work?
What is the echogenicity term for something that reflects sound waves?
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What is the fatal cancer risk per mSv of radiation?
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How many years of background radiation is a CT chest, abdomen, and pelvis equivalent to?
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What is the radiation dose of a chest X-ray?
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What is an advantage of using ultrasound?
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Which of the following is NOT an advantage of ultrasound?
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Which of the following is an advantage of MRI?
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Which of these modalities is used for neuro imaging?
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What is the difference between low frequency and high frequency ultrasound?
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Which of the following is a disadvantage of MRI?
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What is the relationship between MRI and NMR?
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What is the primary purpose of radiology?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of radiology modality?
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What is a significant disadvantage of X-rays?
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What is a key feature of Hounsfield units in CT scans?
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What does the term 'windowing' refer to in CT scans?
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Why is there a large number of imaging tests conducted annually?
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Which of the following best describes the anatomical planes used in radiology?
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What can be inferred about MRI scans compared to X-rays?
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Study Notes
What is Radiology?
- Radiology is the use of technology to see living anatomy
- It involves both diagnostic and interventional procedures
Why do I need to know Radiology?
- In 2021-22, there were 43.3 million imaging tests in the UK
- Breakdown of imaging tests:
- 21 million X-rays
- 10 million Ultrasounds
- 6.6 million CT Scans
- 3.7 million MRI Scans
Radiology Modalities
X-ray
- Uses ionizing radiation
- Advantages:
- Quick
- Available
- Good bone detail
- Good lung detail
- Disadvantages:
- Ionizing radiation
- Poor soft tissue detail
- 2D representation of 3D structures
CT (Computed Tomography)
- Concepts:
- Anatomical planes
- Orientation
- Density (Hounsfield units)
- Windowing
- Contrast
- Advantages:
- Quick
- 3D view
- Can see vascular structures with contrast
- Disadvantages:
- Ionizing radiation
- Can't see spinal cord
- Less detail in the brain
- Poor tendon/ligament detail
Nuclear Medicine
- Uses radioactive isotopes
- Types:
- V/Q
- Bone
- PET
- Advantages:
- Provides functional information
- Disadvantages:
- Ionizing radiation
- Poor anatomical detail
Radiation Dose
- Average background radiation: 2.2 mSv per year
- Radiation dose from various tests:
- Chest X-ray: 0.04 mSv (1 week)
- CT Chest, abdomen, and pelvis: 8 mSv (4 years)
Ultrasound
- Uses high-frequency sound waves
- How it works:
- Piezoelectric effect
- Echogenicity:
- Reflected
- Transmitted
- Inbetween
- Types:
- Anechoic
- Hypoechoic
- Isoechoic
- Hyperechoic
- Advantages:
- Quick
- Available
- No radiation
- Excellent soft tissue resolution
- Can see blood flow
- Disadvantages:
- Operator dependent
- Can't see through bone
- Can't see through air
MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
- Uses magnets and radiowaves
- Advantages:
- Excellent soft tissue detail
- Fluid sensitive (can see oedema)
- No ionizing radiation
- Disadvantages:
- Slow - artefacts
- Contraindications
- Claustrophobic
- Bony detail not as good as X-ray or CT
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Description
Learn the basics of radiology, its importance, and different modalities used in medical imaging. This quiz covers X-ray, CT, Nuclear medicine, Ultrasound, and MRI.
