Radiologic Technology and Infection Control
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of learning objectives in clinical education?

  • To present measurable expectations for student learning
  • To describe observable behaviors achieved by students (correct)
  • To assess overall student performance in practical settings
  • To provide comprehensive clinical knowledge

    • What procedure primarily utilizes sterile techniques to protect against infection?

  • Dressing Changes (correct)
  • Urinals
  • Bedpans
  • Colostomies

    • Which type of precaution is specifically geared toward addressing infectious diseases transferred via objects?

  • Standard Precautions
  • Contact Precautions (correct)
  • Droplet Precautions
  • Airborne Precautions

    • Which statement is true about maintaining a sterile field?

    <p>Unsterile items must be removed or replaced immediately.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, which level must be satisfied before self-actualization can be achieved?

    <p>Physiologic needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a vector in the context of infectious disease transmission?

    <p>A carrier, usually an arthropod, transferring infectious agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition must be met for materials to remain sterile?

    <p>They must be kept dry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a nonsterile procedure?

    <p>Enemas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most effective practice at preventing the spread of infection?

    <p>Hand washing frequently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for adult pulse rates?

    <p>60 to 100 BPM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of accreditation in the context of educational programs?

    <p>To recognize programs that meet specified criteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization publishes the Standards for accredited radiologic programs?

    <p>JRCERT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the ARRT in the field of radiologic technology?

    <p>To certify eligible candidates and publish registrant lists.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does certification differ from licensure in the context of radiologic professionals?

    <p>Certification recognizes specialized skills, while licensure grants practice permission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary goals of the ASRT?

    <p>To provide practice standards and advance the profession.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements is NOT part of the six elements of taking effective histories?

    <p>Severity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'A' in the acronym DABDA represent?

    <p>Autonomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which wheelchair transfer method requires the assistance of two people?

    <p>Two-person lift</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered the most effective method of immobilization?

    <p>Good communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a part of paralanguage?

    <p>Facilitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique is categorized under involved immobilization techniques?

    <p>Backboards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ideal number of people to safely perform a cart to table transfer for a patient in a cervical collar?

    <p>Five</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of aseptic techniques?

    <p>To prevent infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of certification in radiologic technology?

    <p>To recognize individuals on demonstration of specialized professional skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization primarily oversees the accreditation of radiologic technology programs?

    <p>JRCERT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function does the ARRT NOT perform in the radiologic technology field?

    <p>Accredits educational institutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key aspect distinguishes licensure from certification in radiologic technology?

    <p>Licensure grants permission to practice by a governmental agency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which procedure requires strict adherence to sterile techniques during its performance?

    <p>Chest tube insertion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which basic principle of sterile technique emphasizes the importance of continuous monitoring?

    <p>Sterile fields need continuous monitoring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if there is uncertainty about the sterility of an item?

    <p>Consider it unsterile and remove or cover it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of nonaseptic procedures?

    <p>Do not involve invasive techniques.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In sterile technique, which area of the body is considered unsterile?

    <p>Anything below the waist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do learning outcomes refer to in the context of clinical education?

    <p>Measurable expectations for student learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of precaution should be applied to all patients, regardless of their infectious status?

    <p>Standard Precautions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs in patient care?

    <p>It prioritizes needs that must be met before addressing higher levels of care.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a fomite in terms of infection transmission?

    <p>An object that can harbor and transmit pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of observable performance objectives in clinical education?

    <p>To measure competency through observable criteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is NOT part of the Sacred Seven elements of a complete history?

    <p>Income</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What emotion is typically associated with the first stage of grief?

    <p>Denial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of paralanguage?

    <p>Volume of voice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'DNR' in medical communication stand for?

    <p>Do Not Resuscitate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of wheelchair transfer does the patient actively assist with the transfer process?

    <p>Assisted standing pivot transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a component of simple immobilization techniques?

    <p>Cervical collars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the second stage of grief according to DABDA?

    <p>Bargaining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following methods is essential for effectively communicating during the immobilization process?

    <p>Good communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    2024 Patient Care Review

    Chapter 1

    • Introduction to Imaging and Radiologic Sciences

    Chapter 2

    • Professional Organizations
    • Image of medical professional assisting a child on an x-ray table (Courtesy Philips Medical Systems)

    Terms

    • Accreditation: Voluntary peer review process for educational programs meeting specific criteria
    • Certification: Voluntary process for demonstrating professional skills often through an examination
    • Licensure: Governmental process granting permission to practice a profession
    • Registry: List of individuals with certifications in a particular profession

    JRCERT

    • Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology
    • Publishes the Standards for radiologic technology programs, setting minimum requirements for accreditation.

    ARRT

    • American Registry of Radiologic Technologists
    • Encourages the study of radiologic technology and elevates its standards.
    • Examines and certifies candidates.
    • Maintains a registry of registered individuals.

    ASRT

    • American Society of Radiologic Technologists (founded in 1920)
    • Creates and maintains Practice Standards and curriculum guidelines.
    • Aims to advance the profession and improve patient care.
    • Publishes educational materials and journals.

    Chapter 5

    • Introduction to Clinical Education

    Terms

    • Learning objectives: Concise descriptions of observable student behaviors
    • Competency: Observable and successful achievement of performance objectives.
    • Learning outcomes: Program-level, measurable expectations for student learning.
    • Observe-Assist-Perform: Stages of clinical education

    Chapter 17

    • Infection Control

    Establishment of Infectious Disease

    • Vector: Carrier (usually an arthropod) that transfers an infectious agent from one host to another.
    • Fomite: Object capable of harboring pathogenic organisms and spreading infection.

    Precautions

    • Standard Precautions: Applied to all patients, regardless of infection status. Emphasizes hand hygiene and PPE usage.
    • Transmission-Based Precautions: Specific to certain infections. Includes contact (e.g., C. diff), airborne (e.g., TB), and droplet (e.g., Flu)
    • Hand washing: Most effective method of preventing infection spread

    Chapter 11

    • Patient Interactions

    Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

    • Each level of need must be met before moving to the next.
    • Physiological needs are basic needs like food, shelter, and clothing.
    • If physiological needs aren't met, a patient may not feel a sense of safety.

    Nonverbal Communication

    • Paralanguage: "Music of language" - pitch, tone, stress, pauses, volume, etc
    • Body language, Touch/Palpation
    • Professional appearance, Personal hygiene, Physical presence, Visual contact

    Age Groups

    • Categorization of patients based on age range. Includes infants, toddlers, preschoolers, school-aged children, adolescents, young adults, middle-aged adults, and mature adults.

    Stages of Grief

    • Use the acronym DABDA to represent the stages of grief. (Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance)
    • Important concepts for working with terminally ill patients: autonomy, advance directive, DNR.

    Chapter 12

    • History Taking
    • Six elements of effective history taking include open-ended questions, facilitation, silence, probing questions, repetition, and summarization.
    • Sacred Seven elements include localization, chronology, quality, severity, onset, aggravating/alleviating factors, and associated manifestations

    Chapter 13

    • Biomechanics and Ergonomics
    • Diagrams of the human body showing relevant anatomical structures

    Transferring Patients

    • Types of wheelchair transfers include assisted standing pivot, two-person lift, standby assist, and hydraulic lift. Number of people for a cart transfer varies depending on patient needs and special conditions like a cervical collar.

    Chapter 14

    • Immobilization Techniques

    Simple vs. Involved Immobilization

    • Various immobilization techniques, including positioning sponges, stability bars, Velcro straps, sandbags, head clamps, tape, and stockinette.
    • Importance of good communication for effective immobilization.

    Chapter 18

    • Aseptic Techniques

    What is Asepsis?

    • Protecting patients from infection and preventing pathogen spread. Two types:
      • Surgical Asepsis: Sterile techniques before, during, and after surgery.
      • Medical Asepsis: Removing or destroying infected materials

    Sterile (Aseptic) Procedures

    • Dressing changes, tracheostomies, chest tubes, catheters, insertion of central lines, and pacemakers.

    Principles of Sterile Technique

    • Using only sterile equipment in sterile fields.
    • Treating doubt as unsterile.
    • Continuous monitoring of sterile fields.
    • Creating sterile fields close to use.
    • Avoiding contact between sterile and unsterile areas.
    • Maintaining sterility.

    Chapter 19

    • Nonaseptic Techniques

    Nonsterile (Nonaseptic) Procedures

    • Nasogastric tubes, urinals, bedpans, enemas, and colostomies. Instructions on NG tube placement, positioning.

    Chapter 15

    • Vital Signs, Oxygen, Chest Tubes, and Lines
    • Various medical equipment, including blood pressure cuffs and monitors.

    Normal Vital Signs

    • Ranges for temperature, pulse, respirations, and blood pressure for adults and children.

    PICC Line

    • Central venous lines. Insertion site often the subclavian vein.

    ET Tube

    • Preferred location for the endotracheal tube (ET tube) insertion: 1-2 inches above the carina.

    Chest Tube

    • Used for pneumothorax, hemothorax, pleural effusion, and empyema.
    • Insertion site: 5th-6th intercostal space, laterally at the midaxillary line

    Types of Tubes/Lines

    • Swan-Ganz (pulmonary arterial catheter), PICC (peripherally inserted central catheter), Miller-Abbott (nasogastric tube), Broviac/Hickman/Leonard/Groshong (central venous catheters), and Dobhoff (nasogastric tube).

    Chapter 24

    • Professional Ethics for Medical Imaging Personnel
    • Discusses ethical considerations within the context of medical imaging.

    System-Application-Control-Enabling Source-Sanctions

    • Frameworks for understanding ethics, laws, and morals in the context of professional practice.

    Ethical Evaluations

    • Differentiating professional ethics vs. etiquette, and ethical outrage vs. dilemmas.
    • 4 step process for ethical evaluations: identifying the problem, developing solutions, selecting the best solution, and defending the selection.

    Chapter 25

    • Health Informatics and Information Management

    Chapter 25

    • Performance Improvement
    • Includes activities for improving performance, risk management, infection control, surgical case review, medication usage evaluation, health record review, blood usage and case management. -Electronic Medical Records: Accuracy, Security, Accessibility, and Transferability.

    Chapter 26

    • Medical Law

    Terms

    • Differentiating between implied and informed consent.
    • Key elements of an informed consent form. (Authorization, Disclosure, Anesthesia, No guarantee, Tissue-disposal, Patient understanding, and Signature clauses)

    2024 Patient Care I Final Exam

    • Details are provided in the last slide. Exam date is Wednesday, December 11th, at 8:30 am.

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    Description

    This quiz covers essential concepts in radiologic technology, focusing on clinical education, infection control practices, and the role of accreditation. Test your knowledge on key principles such as sterile techniques, disease transmission, and Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. Ideal for students and professionals in the healthcare and radiologic fields.

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