COPY: Radiography: Image Quality and Digital Principles

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Questions and Answers

How do grids improve radiographic image quality?

  • By allowing voluntary patient motion, leading to clearer images.
  • By increasing the amount of scatter radiation reaching the image receptor, thus enhancing contrast.
  • By intercepting a portion of the remnant radiation, reducing scatter, and enhancing image contrast. (correct)
  • By decreasing the overall exposure, leading to lower patient dose and a clearer image.

What is the primary cause of image unsharpness in radiography?

  • Insufficient exposure settings used in the procedure.
  • Excessive filtration used in the x-ray tube, which reduces image sharpness.
  • Patient motion, whether voluntary or involuntary, during the radiographic exposure. (correct)
  • The use of incorrect grid ratios during the procedure, which leads to artifacts.

Which of the following is an example of involuntary motion that can affect radiographic image quality?

  • Walking
  • Adjusting Position
  • Breathing
  • Heartbeat (correct)

What happens to the majority of the kinetic energy of projectile electrons when they interact with the anode target?

<p>It is converted into heat due to interactions with outer-shell electrons. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does doubling the x-ray tube current (mA) affect heat production at the anode?

<p>It doubles the amount of heat produced. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In digital radiography, what is the primary function of the cesium iodide (CsI) scintillator?

<p>To convert x-ray photons into light. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Automatic rescaling in digital radiography aims to:

<p>Optimize image quality by adjusting brightness and contrast based on detector exposure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of significant underexposure in digital radiography, even with automatic rescaling?

<p>Noisy or grainy images. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Exposure Index (EI) in digital radiography?

<p>To provide a numeric indication of the total x-ray exposure to the detector. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it crucial for radiographers to understand the Exposure Index (EI) values specific to their equipment?

<p>EI values vary significantly between manufacturers, and understanding them is vital for optimal exposure and image quality. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the Exposure Index (EI) and the Deviation Index (DI)?

<p>EI is vendor-specific, while DI is standardized by AAPM. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Automatic rescaling can compensate for exposures outside the optimal range. What is still the responsibility of the operator?

<p>To ensure accurate initial exposure technique selection. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of digital image data capture compared to traditional film-based imaging?

<p>Digital image data can be easily copied, modified, distributed worldwide and archived. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does increasing the window level affect the brightness of a digital image?

<p>Increasing the window level decreases the brightness. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between window width and contrast in digital imaging?

<p>Increasing window width decreases contrast. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does noise in a digital image typically indicate, and how does it manifest visually?

<p>Underexposure, appearing as quantum mottle. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the matrix size of a digital image determined?

<p>By the number of pixels in the rows and columns. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of using a high kVp setting on the contrast of a radiographic image?

<p>It results in a low contrast image with many shades of gray. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does spatial resolution refer to in digital imaging?

<p>The recorded sharpness and detail of structures on the image. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A radiographer observes a digital image with significant quantum mottle. What initial adjustment should they consider to improve the image quality?

<p>Increase the mAs to increase the number of photons. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Exposure Index Target (EIT)?

<p>To compare actual exposure to optimal exposure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit used to measure spatial resolution in radiographic imaging?

<p>Line pairs per millimeter (lp/mm) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following technical exposure factors primarily controls the quantity of x-ray photons produced?

<p>Milliamperage (mA) and Time (seconds) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the mA is doubled and the exposure time is halved, what is the effect on the resulting mAs value?

<p>The mAs value remains the same. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Kilovoltage peak (kVp) primarily control in x-ray production?

<p>The penetrating ability of the x-ray beam. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does increasing the Source-to-Image Distance (SID) generally affect the sharpness of the radiographic image, assuming all other factors remain constant?

<p>Increases sharpness due to reduced magnification. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between radiation intensity and distance as described by the inverse square law?

<p>Intensity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the inverse square law, if the distance from an x-ray source is doubled, what happens to the radiation intensity?

<p>It is reduced to one-quarter of the original intensity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does increasing the Object-to-Image Distance (OID) affect the sharpness of the image?

<p>Decreases sharpness. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an initial exposure is made at 100 mAs at a SID of 40 inches, what mAs is needed to maintain the same exposure at a SID of 60 inches?

<p>225 mAs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An x-ray beam described as 'polyenergetic' or 'heterogeneous' indicates what property of the beam?

<p>The beam consists of photons with varying energies. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary factor differentiating size distortion from shape distortion in radiographic imaging?

<p>Misrepresentation of the true size versus misrepresentation of the true shape. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In radiographic imaging, what effect does increasing the OID (object-to-image receptor distance) have on the resulting image, and why?

<p>Increases magnification, potentially clarifying structures obscured by natural OID. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using deliberate shape distortion in radiography?

<p>To overcome the superimposition of anatomical structures. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the thickness or density of a body part affect the passage of x-rays and the resultant image?

<p>Thicker and denser body parts absorb more x-rays, resulting in a lighter image. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary methods of beam modification used in radiography, and what do they achieve?

<p>Using collimation and grids primarily to control scatter radiation and improve image quality. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the effect of scatter radiation on a radiographic image, and why is it a concern?

<p>It degrades image quality by reducing contrast and introducing unwanted exposure, thereby obscuring the desired anatomical details. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A radiographer is imaging a joint and needs to minimize superimposition of anatomical structures. How can deliberate shape distortion be used to achieve this?

<p>By angling the central ray or rotating the patient relative to the x-ray beam. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between scatter radiation and image receptor (IR) exposure, and why is this relationship important in diagnostic imaging?

<p>Increased scatter radiation increases IR exposure, reducing image quality. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a radiographer needs to intentionally create size distortion for a specific imaging task, which technical adjustment should be made?

<p>Decrease the source image distance (SID). (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which modification of the remnant radiation is primarily used for scatter control in radiographic imaging?

<p>Using collimation or a grid. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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