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Questions and Answers
Why are radiographs typically taken in all dental trauma cases?
Why are radiographs typically taken in all dental trauma cases?
Radiographs are taken as a baseline for diagnostic purposes in all dental trauma cases.
Regarding radiographic views, what is generally recommended when assessing injuries, particularly root fractures?
Regarding radiographic views, what is generally recommended when assessing injuries, particularly root fractures?
Multiple views are recommended to assess the extent of the injury, especially in cases of root fractures.
Why might an occlusal radiograph be preferred over a periapical radiograph in young patients?
Why might an occlusal radiograph be preferred over a periapical radiograph in young patients?
Occlusal radiographs may be preferred in young patients because periapical radiographs can be difficult to take in this population.
In what type of injury is a Panoramic radiograph (OPG) recommended?
In what type of injury is a Panoramic radiograph (OPG) recommended?
When might Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) be used instead of standard 2D radiographic views?
When might Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) be used instead of standard 2D radiographic views?
What radiographic follow-up is typically recommended for an enamel fracture in primary teeth without clinical signs of pathosis?
What radiographic follow-up is typically recommended for an enamel fracture in primary teeth without clinical signs of pathosis?
When is radiographic follow-up indicated for enamel-dentine fractures in primary teeth?
When is radiographic follow-up indicated for enamel-dentine fractures in primary teeth?
What radiographic follow-up is recommended one year after pulpotomy or root canal treatment for a complicated crown fracture in primary teeth?
What radiographic follow-up is recommended one year after pulpotomy or root canal treatment for a complicated crown fracture in primary teeth?
How often should radiographic follow-ups be conducted for alveolar fractures in primary teeth if clinical findings suggest pathosis?
How often should radiographic follow-ups be conducted for alveolar fractures in primary teeth if clinical findings suggest pathosis?
What radiographic findings are expected in cases of tooth subluxation involving primary teeth?
What radiographic findings are expected in cases of tooth subluxation involving primary teeth?
What radiographic finding is typically associated with tooth extrusion?
What radiographic finding is typically associated with tooth extrusion?
What radiographic finding could indicate lateral luxation?
What radiographic finding could indicate lateral luxation?
What radiographic characteristics might be observed in a case of tooth intrusion involving a primary tooth?
What radiographic characteristics might be observed in a case of tooth intrusion involving a primary tooth?
What is the primary purpose of taking radiographs in cases of avulsion?
What is the primary purpose of taking radiographs in cases of avulsion?
When following up on an enamel fracture in permanent teeth, how long after the initial injury should a radiograph be taken?
When following up on an enamel fracture in permanent teeth, how long after the initial injury should a radiograph be taken?
What radiographic findings would indicate an enamel-dentine fracture?
What radiographic findings would indicate an enamel-dentine fracture?
In the case of an enamel-dentine-pulp fracture, when is a follow-up radiograph recommended?
In the case of an enamel-dentine-pulp fracture, when is a follow-up radiograph recommended?
What might be visualized in the radiograph of an uncomplicated crown-root fracture, and what does it necessitate?
What might be visualized in the radiograph of an uncomplicated crown-root fracture, and what does it necessitate?
How often is a radiographic follow-up recommended for a root fracture in permanent teeth?
How often is a radiographic follow-up recommended for a root fracture in permanent teeth?
What radiographic finding is expected in cases of tooth concussion involving permanent teeth?
What radiographic finding is expected in cases of tooth concussion involving permanent teeth?
How long after a tooth subluxation injury involving permanent teeth should a follow-up radiograph be taken?
How long after a tooth subluxation injury involving permanent teeth should a follow-up radiograph be taken?
In which direction will the periodontal ligament (PDL) space increase with cases of extrusion?
In which direction will the periodontal ligament (PDL) space increase with cases of extrusion?
How does the CEJ appear in an intrusion relative to other teeth?
How does the CEJ appear in an intrusion relative to other teeth?
What is the typical radiographic follow-up schedule for a lateral luxation injury affecting permanent teeth?
What is the typical radiographic follow-up schedule for a lateral luxation injury affecting permanent teeth?
What radiographic finding is expected in cases of tooth subluxation involving permanent teeth?
What radiographic finding is expected in cases of tooth subluxation involving permanent teeth?
How frequently should follow-up radiographs be taken in the case of permanent tooth avulsion?
How frequently should follow-up radiographs be taken in the case of permanent tooth avulsion?
According to the IADT, under what circumstances should you take radiographs of enamel-dentine fracture in primary teeth?
According to the IADT, under what circumstances should you take radiographs of enamel-dentine fracture in primary teeth?
According to the International Association of Dental Traumatology, what follow up actions should be taken for intrusion injuries to periodontal tissue?
According to the International Association of Dental Traumatology, what follow up actions should be taken for intrusion injuries to periodontal tissue?
How many radiographs are often taken to detect root fractures?
How many radiographs are often taken to detect root fractures?
When is a radiograph needed after a complicated crown fracture in primary teeth according to the IADT?
When is a radiograph needed after a complicated crown fracture in primary teeth according to the IADT?
What is something that an occlusal view will show?
What is something that an occlusal view will show?
If radiographs are taken after avulsion injury to a primary tooth, what should they ensure?
If radiographs are taken after avulsion injury to a primary tooth, what should they ensure?
When is pulpotomy indicated?
When is pulpotomy indicated?
Will you always see an alveolar fracture?
Will you always see an alveolar fracture?
Why is it critical to consider the long-term follow-up for severe dental injuries, such as avulsions or root fractures, especially in young permanent teeth?
Why is it critical to consider the long-term follow-up for severe dental injuries, such as avulsions or root fractures, especially in young permanent teeth?
In terms of radiographic follow-up, how would the management of a subluxation differ in a primary tooth compared to a permanent tooth?
In terms of radiographic follow-up, how would the management of a subluxation differ in a primary tooth compared to a permanent tooth?
What specific details about the primary tooth and its relationship to permanent successors might a clinician assess using radiographs after an intrusion injury?
What specific details about the primary tooth and its relationship to permanent successors might a clinician assess using radiographs after an intrusion injury?
How would the approach to radiographic assessment change if a clinician suspects a vertical root fracture in a tooth previously treated with a root canal?
How would the approach to radiographic assessment change if a clinician suspects a vertical root fracture in a tooth previously treated with a root canal?
What considerations should clinicians keep in mind regarding radiographic techniques to minimize radiation exposure, particularly in pediatric patients?
What considerations should clinicians keep in mind regarding radiographic techniques to minimize radiation exposure, particularly in pediatric patients?
In what way might the interpretation of a radiograph differ between a recent dental trauma and a follow-up radiograph taken several months later?
In what way might the interpretation of a radiograph differ between a recent dental trauma and a follow-up radiograph taken several months later?
Why are radiographs taken as a baseline in all dental trauma cases?
Why are radiographs taken as a baseline in all dental trauma cases?
In cases of injury, when is a panoramic radiograph (OPG) recommended?
In cases of injury, when is a panoramic radiograph (OPG) recommended?
When might Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) be indicated in dental trauma cases?
When might Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) be indicated in dental trauma cases?
What is primary radiographic finding for a tooth diagnosed with subluxation?
What is primary radiographic finding for a tooth diagnosed with subluxation?
Following trauma, what radiographic finding would indicate tooth intrusion?
Following trauma, what radiographic finding would indicate tooth intrusion?
What is the recommended radiographic follow-up for an enamel-dentine fracture on a permanent tooth?
What is the recommended radiographic follow-up for an enamel-dentine fracture on a permanent tooth?
What are the radiographic findings of tooth avulsion?
What are the radiographic findings of tooth avulsion?
What radiographic view best shows increased PDL space apically for a tooth diagnosed with lateral luxation?
What radiographic view best shows increased PDL space apically for a tooth diagnosed with lateral luxation?
What radiographic follow up is recommended for a concussion injury?
What radiographic follow up is recommended for a concussion injury?
What radiographic follow-up is advised for a root fracture in permanent teeth?
What radiographic follow-up is advised for a root fracture in permanent teeth?
When taking a periapical radiograph to detect root fractures, how many views are typically taken, and why?
When taking a periapical radiograph to detect root fractures, how many views are typically taken, and why?
For an uncomplicated crown-root fracture in a primary tooth, when is a radiograph indicated?
For an uncomplicated crown-root fracture in a primary tooth, when is a radiograph indicated?
For an alveolar fracture in a primary tooth, when is a radiograph indicated?
For an alveolar fracture in a primary tooth, when is a radiograph indicated?
For an enamel-dentine fracture in a primary tooth, when is a radiograph indicated?
For an enamel-dentine fracture in a primary tooth, when is a radiograph indicated?
For an complicated crown-root fracture in a permanent tooth, when is a radiograph indicated?
For an complicated crown-root fracture in a permanent tooth, when is a radiograph indicated?
For an alveolar fracture in a permanent tooth, when is a radiograph indicated?
For an alveolar fracture in a permanent tooth, when is a radiograph indicated?
For an complicated crown fracture in a primary tooth, when is a radiograph for follow-up needed?
For an complicated crown fracture in a primary tooth, when is a radiograph for follow-up needed?
For an tooth extrusion in a primary tooth, when is a radiograph for follow-up needed?
For an tooth extrusion in a primary tooth, when is a radiograph for follow-up needed?
For an tooth avulsion in a primary tooth, when is a radiograph needed?
For an tooth avulsion in a primary tooth, when is a radiograph needed?
What is the definition of a radiograph?
What is the definition of a radiograph?
Why is a clear justification required when requesting radiographs for dental trauma?
Why is a clear justification required when requesting radiographs for dental trauma?
In the context of dental radiographs, what does 'OPG' stand for?
In the context of dental radiographs, what does 'OPG' stand for?
In tooth intrusion, what is the clinical significance of the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) appearing more apically positioned than the adjacent uninjured tooth on a radiograph?
In tooth intrusion, what is the clinical significance of the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) appearing more apically positioned than the adjacent uninjured tooth on a radiograph?
What should radiographs ensure with missing teeth caused from tooth avulsion?
What should radiographs ensure with missing teeth caused from tooth avulsion?
What is the location for a visible fracture line for a root fracture injury on a permanent tooth using radiographs?
What is the location for a visible fracture line for a root fracture injury on a permanent tooth using radiographs?
What is the treatment for tooth enamel-dentin-pulp fracture?
What is the treatment for tooth enamel-dentin-pulp fracture?
What is a periapical radiograph?
What is a periapical radiograph?
What radiograph view is best to see the PDL space for a lateral luxation?
What radiograph view is best to see the PDL space for a lateral luxation?
What does the radiograph ensure the missing avulsed tooth isn't?
What does the radiograph ensure the missing avulsed tooth isn't?
What is the radiograph for for a root fracture in a permanent tooth?
What is the radiograph for for a root fracture in a permanent tooth?
What is one potential difficulty in taking standard radiographs in young patients?
What is one potential difficulty in taking standard radiographs in young patients?
Name a benefit of using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) over traditional 2D radiographs in assessing complex dentoalveolar trauma.
Name a benefit of using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) over traditional 2D radiographs in assessing complex dentoalveolar trauma.
Multiple injuries to teeth and/or supporting structures often require radiographs taken at multiple angles, commonly known as multiple views. Why?
Multiple injuries to teeth and/or supporting structures often require radiographs taken at multiple angles, commonly known as multiple views. Why?
Besides periapical views, which other intraoral radiographic technique is often used to assess root fractures?
Besides periapical views, which other intraoral radiographic technique is often used to assess root fractures?
If a patient presents with clinical signs suggestive of pathosis following treatment for a complicated crown-root fracture in a primary tooth, what radiographic follow-up is indicated?
If a patient presents with clinical signs suggestive of pathosis following treatment for a complicated crown-root fracture in a primary tooth, what radiographic follow-up is indicated?
What radiographic finding would be present for an alveolar fracture in a permanent tooth?
What radiographic finding would be present for an alveolar fracture in a permanent tooth?
After trauma, a patient complains of slight pain upon chewing, but the tooth appears normal, with no abnormal mobility. What is the possible diagnosis and radiographic findings?
After trauma, a patient complains of slight pain upon chewing, but the tooth appears normal, with no abnormal mobility. What is the possible diagnosis and radiographic findings?
A patient presents with a tooth that is sensitive to touch and has slight mobility, but no displacement. What are the possible clinical findings?
A patient presents with a tooth that is sensitive to touch and has slight mobility, but no displacement. What are the possible clinical findings?
Following trauma, a primary tooth appears elongated with the apex displaced towards the permanent successor. What is the radiographic finding.
Following trauma, a primary tooth appears elongated with the apex displaced towards the permanent successor. What is the radiographic finding.
Flashcards
Radiographs in dental trauma
Radiographs in dental trauma
Taken as a baseline for diagnostic purposes in all dental trauma cases.
Periapical radiograph
Periapical radiograph
A type of radiograph where two images are often taken at different angles to detect root fractures.
Occlusal radiograph
Occlusal radiograph
A radiograph used to assess for fractures in young patients where periapical radiographs may be difficult.
Panoramic radiograph (OPG)
Panoramic radiograph (OPG)
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CBCT
CBCT
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Enamel fracture (primary teeth)
Enamel fracture (primary teeth)
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Enamel-dentine fracture (primary teeth)
Enamel-dentine fracture (primary teeth)
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Complicated crown fracture
Complicated crown fracture
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Complicated crown-root fracture
Complicated crown-root fracture
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Root fracture (primary teeth)
Root fracture (primary teeth)
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Alveolar fracture (primary teeth)
Alveolar fracture (primary teeth)
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Concussion/Subluxation
Concussion/Subluxation
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Lateral Luxation (primary teeth)
Lateral Luxation (primary teeth)
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Extrusion (primary teeth)
Extrusion (primary teeth)
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Avulsion (primary teeth)
Avulsion (primary teeth)
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Enamel fracture (permanent teeth)
Enamel fracture (permanent teeth)
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Enamel-dentine fracture Permanent
Enamel-dentine fracture Permanent
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Enamel-dentine-pulp fracture permanent
Enamel-dentine-pulp fracture permanent
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Uncomplicated crown-root fracture
Uncomplicated crown-root fracture
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Complicated crown-root fracture
Complicated crown-root fracture
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Root fracture permanent
Root fracture permanent
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Alveolar fracture permanent
Alveolar fracture permanent
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Concussion permanent
Concussion permanent
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Subluxation permanent
Subluxation permanent
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Extrusion permanent
Extrusion permanent
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Lateral luxation permanent
Lateral luxation permanent
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Intrusion permanent
Intrusion permanent
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Avulsion permanent
Avulsion permanent
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Radiograph selection
Radiograph selection
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Multiple radiographic views
Multiple radiographic views
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Radiograph for Intrusion
Radiograph for Intrusion
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Radiograph of Avulsion
Radiograph of Avulsion
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Study Notes
- Radiographs serve as a baseline for diagnosing dental trauma.
- Clinicians need to justify which radiograph is needed on a case-by-case basis.
- A clear justification is required for each radiograph taken.
- Multiple views help assess the extent of injury, primarily root fractures.
Radiographs
- Periapical radiographs are commonly taken at two different angles to detect root fractures.
- It can be difficult to use in young patients, so occlusal radiograph is preferred.
- The upper standard occlusal radiographs are used to evaluate root fractures.
- Occlusal radiographs are taken alongside periapical radiographs to pinpoint the exact location and degree of a fracture.
- Panoramic (OPG) radiographs are advised for any injury where a bony fracture is suspected.
- Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) can evaluate complex dentoalveolar trauma and is not easily assessed using standard 2D views.
Radiographic Follow-Up Guidelines by International Association of Dental Traumatology
- These guidelines are for both primary and permanent teeth
Primary teeth injuries to hard tissues
- Enamel fracture: No radiographic abnormalities and a baseline radiograph should be taken with no further follow-up unless clinical signs indicate otherwise.
- Enamel-dentine fracture: a visible fracture into dentine, and radiographic follow-up is only indicated when clinical signs suggest pathosis
- Complicated crown fracture: Visible fracture into pulp and a 1-year radiograph is needed after pulpotomy or root canal treatment.
- Uncomplicated crown-root fracture: The extent of fracture in relation to the gingival margin can be seen, and a 1-year radiograph is required unless clinical signs suggest pathosis.
- Complicated crown-root fracture: Extent of fracture and stage of root development can be assessed and a 1-year radiograph is required unless clinical signs suggest pathosis.
- Root fracture: Location of fracture line and proximity to permanent successors and only a follow-up radiograph is needed when clinical signs suggest pathosis.
- Alveolar fracture: Location of fracture line and proximity to primary teeth and permanent successors and Radiograph after 4 weeks and 1 year are needed unless clinical signs suggest pathosis.
Primary teeth injuries to periodontal tissues
- Concussion: No radiographic abnormalities and radiographic follow-up is only indicated where clinical signs suggest pathosis
- Subluxation: No radiographic abnormalities and radiographic follow-up is only indicated where clinical signs suggest pathosis
- Extrusion: Increased periodontal ligament space and radiographic follow-up is only indicated where clinical signs suggest pathosis
- Lateral luxation: Increased PDL space and radiographic follow-up is only indicated where clinical signs suggest pathosis. Occlusal view will show position of displaced tooth in relation to permanent successor.
- Intrusion: Apex visible and shorter than contralateral tooth if displaced towards/through labial plate and radiographic follow-up is only indicated where clinical signs suggest pathosis. Tooth appears elongated if apex is displaced towards successor.
- Avulsion: Radiographs are taken to ensure the missing tooth is not intruded and radiographic follow-up is only indicated where clinical signs suggest pathosis
Permanent Teeth injuries to hard tissues
- Enamel fracture: Visible loss of enamel and radiographic follow-up occurs after 6-8 weeks and after 1 year
- Enamel-dentine fracture: Visible loss of enamel and dentine, and radiographic follow-up occurs after 6-8 weeks and after 1 year
- Enamel-dentine-pulp fracture: Visible loss of enamel and dentine with pulpal involvement, and radiographic follow-up occurs after 6-8 weeks and after 1 year
- Uncomplicated crown-root fracture: Apical aspect of the fracture is not usually visible but multiple views are needed to assess for fracture extension of root and radiographic follow-up occurs after 1 week, 6-8 weeks,3, 6 months and after 1 year and yearly for at least 5 years.
- Complicated crown-root fracture: Apical aspect of fracture not usually visible but multiple views are needed to assess for fracture extension of the root: Radiographic follow-up is same as above
- Root fracture: Visible fracture line in root and Radiographic follow-up occurs after 4 weeks, 6-8 weeks, 4, 6 months and after 1 year and yearly for at least 5 years.
- Alveolar fracture: Visible fracture lines at any level from the marginal bone to the level of or above the root apex and the radiographic follow-up is the same as above
Permanent Teeth injuries to periodontal tissues
- Concussion: No radiographic abnormalities, and radiographic follow-up occurs after 4 weeks and after 1 year
- Subluxation: No radiographic abnormalities, and radiographic follow-up occurs after 2, 12 weeks, 6 months and after 1 year
- Extrusion: Increased PDL space apically and radiographic follow-up occurs after 2, 4, 8, 12 weeks, 6 months and after a year
- Lateral luxation: Increased PDL space apically – best seen in an occlusal view and the radiographic follow-up occurs yearly for 5 years at least.
- Intrusion: CEJ appears more apically located than the adjacent non-injured tooth and the radiographic follow-up is the same as above
- Avulsion: PDL space may be absent from all or part of the root, radiographs are taken to ensure missing tooth is not intruded and the radiographic follow-up is the same as above
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