Radioactivity and Radiation Types Quiz

The force holding protons and neutrons together in the nucleus. When this force weakens, the nucleus becomes unstable and undergoes radioactive decay.

The spontaneous and random emission of ionizing radiation from the nucleus of an unstable atom to reach a stable state.

The emission of a helium nucleus (2 protons + 2 neutrons) from the nucleus of a radioactive element.

The emission of a high-energy electron (beta particle) from the nucleus of a radioactive element, resulting from a neutron split.

The emission of electromagnetic radiation (gamma rays) from the nucleus of a radioactive element, accompanied by the nucleus losing energy and transitioning to a more stable state.

High-energy radiation that can damage living cells and tissues, potentially leading to genetic mutations, cell death, and cancer.

The process where unstable atoms release energy in the form of particles or electromagnetic waves.

The time it takes for half of the radioactive material to decay into a more stable form.

A type of ionizing radiation that consists of high-energy electromagnetic waves, able to penetrate through materials and cause damage.

Lead is a dense material that can effectively block, or shield, ionizing radiation, protecting people from its harmful effects.

Gamma emission is the release of excess energy from an excited nucleus as electromagnetic waves in the gamma ray region. This process doesn't change the nucleus composition.

Alpha, beta, and gamma radiation can all knock electrons off atoms, creating ions. This is why they are called 'ionizing radiation'.

Alpha particles are heavier and slower than beta particles, making them less penetrating. Alpha particles can be stopped by a sheet of paper.

Beta particles are moderately penetrating, requiring a few millimeters of aluminum to stop them. Beta particles are lighter and faster than alpha particles.

Gamma rays are the most penetrating type of radiation, requiring thick lead or concrete for significant reduction. These high-energy electromagnetic waves have no mass and travel at the speed of light.

A device used to detect ionizing radiation, often connected to a counter or ratemeter.

A common type of radiation detector that produces a signal when radiation interacts with a gas inside the tube, causing ionization.

The reading provided by a radiation detector, typically in units of counts per second (Counts/s) or counts per minute (Counts/min).

The natural fluctuation in radiation detected over a short period of time, due to the random nature of radioactive decay.

A device used to measure and display the radioactivity detected by a radiation detector, usually providing readings in units of counts per minute or counts per second.

The time taken for half of the radioactive nuclei in a sample to decay.

The process in which unstable atomic nuclei spontaneously transform into more stable ones by emitting particles or energy.

The process of measuring the radiation levels from a source using a radiation detector.

The ability of radiation to pass through matter.

The particles emitted from the nucleus of an atom during radioactive decay.