Radio Waves Propagation
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Questions and Answers

What happens to the electric field component of a circular polarized wave as it propagates?

  • It reverses its direction
  • It oscillates in a random direction
  • It remains fixed in one direction
  • It rotates 360 degrees with respect to the direction of propagation (correct)

What is the main reason for the attenuation of electromagnetic waves in free space?

  • The spreading of waves with distance from the transmitter (correct)
  • The reflection of waves by the ionosphere
  • The presence of obstacles in the path
  • The absorption of energy by the atmosphere

What is the purpose of a diplexer in a radio transmission system?

  • To filter out noise
  • To amplify the signal
  • To measure the field intensity
  • To permit two transmitters to operate with a single antenna (correct)

What happens to the power density of electromagnetic waves as they travel outward from their source?

<p>It decreases with distance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the highest frequency that will be returned by the ionosphere at a given point?

<p>Maximum Usable Frequency (MUF) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of free space in terms of radio wave propagation?

<p>A vacuum that allows radio waves to propagate without any obstruction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the deviation of a wave as it passes an obstacle or passes through a small aperture?

<p>Diffraction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of frequency above which microwave frequencies are defined?

<p>1 gigahertz (GHz) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of using circular polarization in satellite wave propagation?

<p>To minimize the effect of Faraday rotation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of polarization has the electric field in the vertical direction with respect to the earth horizon?

<p>Vertical polarization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the angle of incidence and the angle of refraction in reflection?

<p>The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of refraction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the phenomenon where a wave passes from one medium to another with different index of refraction?

<p>Refraction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What law relates the angles of incidence and refraction in refraction?

<p>Snell's law (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the phenomenon where the angle of refraction is greater than 90°, resulting in the wave coming out of the second medium and back into the first?

<p>Total internal reflection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the dielectric constant and the angle of refraction in refraction?

<p>The angle of refraction increases with decreasing dielectric constant (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of polarization where the electric field rotates in a circular motion?

<p>Circular polarization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of wave propagation occurs at frequencies below 3 MHz?

<p>Ground wave propagation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what frequency do the D and E layers absorb frequencies during the day?

<p>Below 10 MHz (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when a wave is sent vertically toward the ionosphere?

<p>The wave is reflected back to the transmitter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the electric field strength?

<p>The formula ξ = 120 π I he / λd (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the critical frequency an indication of?

<p>The maximum usable frequency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distance from the ground to the F2 layer?

<p>400 km (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three factors that affect the ability of the ionosphere to reflect a signal?

<p>Operating frequency, ion density, and angle of incidence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of wave propagation occurs at frequencies above 30 MHz?

<p>Space wave propagation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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