20 Questions
What is the primary effect of radiation when it interacts with water?
Production of hydrogen and hydroxyls
What is the main reason for the high probability of radiation interacting with the water in a cell?
High volume of water in each cell
Which type of radiation-induced damage is more easily repaired with no long-term effect?
Single-strand breaks (SSB)
What are the primary fragments produced when radiation breaks the chemical bonds of water?
Hydrogen (H) and hydroxyls (OH)
Which type of radiation-induced damage has more potential for long-term damage due to difficulty in repair?
Double-strand breaks (DSB)
What is the term for the loss of reproductive integrity in stem cells and other cells capable of many divisions due to radiation damage?
Reproductive death
What is the primary determinant of the response of tissue when it is irradiated?
The dose in Rads (Gy)
What happens when radiation enters a cell and the damage is not repaired, but the cell replicates itself in the damaged form?
The cell undergoes reproductive death
Which late effect of radiation includes fibrosis and other reactions mediated by vascular deficiencies?
Delayed tissue reactions
What is the term for potentially lethal damage that can be manipulated by repair when cells are allowed to remain in a non-dividing state?
Sublethal damage
What is the potential consequence of radiation interacting with water, leading to the formation of toxic substances like (H2 O2)?
Cell destruction
In a cell exposed to radiation, why is the probability of the radiation interacting with DNA molecules very small?
DNA molecules are a small part of the cell's volume
What is the primary effect of single-strand breaks (SSB) caused by radiation?
No long-term effect with easy repair
Why is the interaction of radiation with water more likely than with DNA molecules in a cell?
Water makes up most of the cell's volume
What is the potential consequence of radiation interacting with double-strand breaks (DSB)?
Long-term damage with difficulty in repair
What is the term for radiation damage that is irreversible, irreparable, and leads to cell death?
Lethal damage
Which type of radiation-induced damage can be repaired in hours unless additional sublethal damage is added that eventually leads to lethal damage?
Sublethal damage
What are the primary late effects of radiation?
Life span shortening
Which type of radiation-induced damage can be manipulated by repair when cells are allowed to remain in a non-dividing state?
Potentially lethal damage
Which late effect of radiation includes reactions mediated by vascular deficiencies?
Delayed tissue reactions
This quiz covers the concept of indirect ionization in radiation techniques, focusing on the interaction of photons with atoms, the resulting chain of physical and chemical events, and the production of biological damage. Topics include the ionization and excitation of atoms, chemical bond breakage in water, and the formation of toxic substances.
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