Questions and Answers
What is the equivalent of 1 a.m.u in electronvolts (eV)?
1.49 x 10^-10 eV
What is nuclear binding energy a measure of?
Nuclear stability
Which force is responsible for the mass defect and nuclear binding energy?
Strong nuclear force
What happens when an unstable nucleus decays to a more stable state?
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What does the mass defect in a nucleus result from?
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What type of decay involves one neutron transforming into one proton, one electron, and one antineutrino?
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What determines the stability of the nucleus?
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What is released when nuclear binding energy saturates for high atomic number elements?
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What is the measure of stability indicated by the nuclear binding energy per nucleon for 6028Ni?
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What type of decay involves the emission of a positron?
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Which decay process involves the emission of two protons and two neutrons from a nucleus?
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What is the measure of the time it takes for half of the atoms in a given sample to decay?
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Which radioactive isotope is unstable due to the presence of an excess neutron?
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What is the alternative decay method for nuclei where the condition (N/Z< stable condition) is satisfied?
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What is the unit used to measure the disintegration rate of a radioactive sample?
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Which type of decay occurs when a nucleus has fewer neutrons than the stable condition?
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What is the unit used to measure radioactive activity, where 1 Bq equals one radioactive decay per second?
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Which decay process involves an electron combining with a proton, producing a neutron and a neutrino?
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$39 MeV$ and $41Ar$ have energies of $2.5 MeV$ and $1.29 MeV$ respectively. What is the difference in their energies?
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What is the measure of the mass difference (Δm) between the nuclei of isotopes X and Y calculated using their atomic masses?
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Study Notes
- Negatron and antineutrino have different energies: 39 MeV (negatron) and 41Ar (antineutrino) have energies of 2.5 MeV and 1.29 MeV respectively.
- Mass difference (Δm) between the nuclei of two isotopes (X and Y) can be calculated using the difference between their atomic masses.
- Positron emission, also known as β+ decay, occurs when a nucleus has fewer neutrons than the stable condition. One proton transforms into a neutron, a positron, and a neutrino.
- Electron capture is an alternative decay method for nuclei where the condition (N/Z< stable condition) is satisfied. An electron combines with a proton, producing a neutron and a neutrino.
- Alpha decay involves the emission of two protons and two neutrons from a nucleus.
- Mass defects in nuclear reactions are a result of the difference between the before and after masses of the reactants.
- Half-life is a measure of the time it takes for half of the atoms in a given sample to decay.
- Radioactive activity can be measured in Becquerels (Bq) or Curies (Ci), with 1 Bq equal to one radioactive decay per second and 1 Ci equal to 3.7 x 10^10 decays per second.
- Nuclear medicine uses radioactive isotopes for imaging and therapeutic purposes, and their activity is measured in terms of their half-life and decay constant.
- 137 Cesium is a radioactive isotope due to the presence of an excess neutron, making its nucleus unstable.
- The disintegration rate (λ) for 231Pa is 0.2 x 10^-5 1/year, and after 6.5 x 10^4 years, the activity of a 20 mCi sample would be approximately 5 mCi.
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