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Radiation and Mutagens in Biology

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Questions and Answers

What is the order of penetrating power among alpha particles, beta particles, and neutrons?

Neutrons > beta particles > alpha particles

Alpha particles > beta particles > neutrons

Beta particles > alpha particles > neutrons (correct)

Neutrons > alpha particles > beta particles

What type of agents cause the loss of the amino group?

Base Analogs

Alpha particles

Deaminating agents (correct)

Neutrons

What is the process by which horizontally-transferred DNA is retained in the recipient?

Horizontal Gene Transfer

Vertical Gene Transfer

Recombination (correct)

Gene Mutation

What is the result of DNA damage caused by sub-atomic particles?

Double strand break in DNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of gene transfer where genetic material is passed down through generations?

Vertical Gene Transfer Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Base Analogs in DNA replication?

To incorporate into DNA in place of normal bases Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of horizontal gene transfer among bacteria?

Transfer of genetic information between non-descendant cells Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism of horizontal gene transfer requires cell-to-cell contact?

Conjugation Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between vertical and horizontal gene transfer?

Descendant vs non-descendant cells Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of antibiotic resistance resulting from horizontal gene transfer?

Multiple drug resistance Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of recombination in transformation?

Integrating exogenous DNA into the recipient's genome Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the F plasmid in conjugation?

Mediating DNA transfer from donor to recipient Signup and view all the answers

What type of pilus allows for specific pairing of donor and recipient cells in conjugation?

F-encoded (sex) pilus Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between generalized and specialized transduction?

The section of the host genome affected Signup and view all the answers

In conjugation, what is the role of the F-encoded (sex) pilus?

To allow for the transfer of genetic material Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of gene transfer in transduction?

Bacterial virus carrying genetic material Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of generalized transduction?

It can transfer DNA from any portion of the host genome Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of transferring genetic material from one bacterium to another?

Horizontal gene transfer Signup and view all the answers