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Questions and Answers
Which nerve is the terminal branch of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus?
Which nerve is the terminal branch of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus?
- Musculocutaneous nerve (correct)
- Radial nerve
- Median nerve
- Ulnar nerve
What is the main function of the triceps brachii muscle?
What is the main function of the triceps brachii muscle?
- Abduction of the arm
- Extension of the forearm (correct)
- Adduction of the arm
- Flexion of the forearm
Which of the following is a branch of the musculocutaneous nerve?
Which of the following is a branch of the musculocutaneous nerve?
- Lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm (correct)
- Lateral cutaneous nerve of arm
- Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm
- Radial nerve
What is the location of the radial nerve in the arm?
What is the location of the radial nerve in the arm?
Which structure does the radial nerve exit the axilla via?
Which structure does the radial nerve exit the axilla via?
What is the blood supply of the triceps brachii muscle?
What is the blood supply of the triceps brachii muscle?
Which of the following is a boundary of the cubital fossa?
Which of the following is a boundary of the cubital fossa?
What is the innervation of the anconeus muscle?
What is the innervation of the anconeus muscle?
What is the function of the anconeus muscle?
What is the function of the anconeus muscle?
Which of the following nerves supplies the muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm?
Which of the following nerves supplies the muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm?
Which of the following nerves innervate the Brachialis muscle?
Which of the following nerves innervate the Brachialis muscle?
The brachial fascia extends to which of the following structures?
The brachial fascia extends to which of the following structures?
What is the function of the bicipital aponeurosis?
What is the function of the bicipital aponeurosis?
The cubital fossa is bounded by which of the following structures?
The cubital fossa is bounded by which of the following structures?
Which of the following arteries supplies the arm?
Which of the following arteries supplies the arm?
Which of the following nerves is NOT a branch of the radial nerve?
Which of the following nerves is NOT a branch of the radial nerve?
What is the origin of the short head of the biceps brachii?
What is the origin of the short head of the biceps brachii?
The musculocutaneous nerve innervates which of the following muscles?
The musculocutaneous nerve innervates which of the following muscles?
The lateral intermuscular septum extends from the deep surface of the brachial fascia to which of the following structures?
The lateral intermuscular septum extends from the deep surface of the brachial fascia to which of the following structures?
Which of the following muscles is NOT a flexor of the forearm?
Which of the following muscles is NOT a flexor of the forearm?
Which branch of the radial nerve innervates the extensor carpi radialis longus?
Which branch of the radial nerve innervates the extensor carpi radialis longus?
What is the function of the bicipital aponeurosis?
What is the function of the bicipital aponeurosis?
Which nerve is responsible for detecting noxious stimuli in the dorsal hand and fingers?
Which nerve is responsible for detecting noxious stimuli in the dorsal hand and fingers?
What is the boundary of the cubital fossa medially?
What is the boundary of the cubital fossa medially?
Which artery is the continuation of the axillary artery?
Which artery is the continuation of the axillary artery?
Which nerve innervates the muscles of the flexor compartment of the arm?
Which nerve innervates the muscles of the flexor compartment of the arm?
What is the superficial branch of the radial nerve responsible for?
What is the superficial branch of the radial nerve responsible for?
What is the clinical significance of the median cubital vein?
What is the clinical significance of the median cubital vein?
What is the function of the brachial fascia?
What is the function of the brachial fascia?
Which nerve is responsible for the innervation of the extensor muscles of the forearm?
Which nerve is responsible for the innervation of the extensor muscles of the forearm?
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Study Notes
Anatomy of the Arm
- The arm is divided into two compartments: anterior (flexor) and posterior (extensor)
- Each compartment has its own muscles, nerves, and blood supply
Musculocutaneous Nerve
- Terminal branch of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus
- Pierces the coracobrachialis muscle
- Supplies all the muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm
- Pierces the deep fascia to become cutaneous (superficial)
- Branches:
- Muscular branches
- Lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm
Radial Nerve
- Terminal continuation of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus
- Lies posterior to the axillary artery
- Exits the axilla via the triangular interval
- Lies in the radial groove, accompanied by the profunda brachii artery
- Supplies the triceps and anconeus muscles
Cubital Fossa
- Triangular region with an apex pointing distally
- Gateway/transition point between the arm and forearm
- Boundaries:
- Medial: lateral border of the pronator teres
- Lateral: medial border of the brachioradialis
- Base: imaginary line between the medial and lateral epicondyles of the humerus
- Floor: brachialis and supinator
- Roof: skin, superficial and deep fasciae, reinforced by the bicipital aponeurosis
- Contents:
- Superficial:
- Median cubital vein
- Upper lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm
- Medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm
- Deep:
- Median nerve
- Brachial artery
- Biceps brachii tendon
- Radial nerve (deep to the brachioradialis)
- Superficial:
Posterior (Extensor) Compartment
- Extensors of the forearm
- Two muscles:
- Triceps brachii
- Anconeus
- Blood supply: profunda brachii
- Innervation: radial nerve
Triceps Brachii
- Origin:
- Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
- Lateral head: posterior shaft of the humerus
- Medial head: posterior shaft of the humerus
- Insertion: common tendon at the olecranon process of the ulna
- Function:
- Main/chief extensor of the forearm
- Assists in adduction of the arm
- Stabilizes the head of the abducted humerus in the glenohumeral joint (long head)
Anconeus
- Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
- Insertion: fibers diverge medially to attach on the lateral aspect of the olecranon process
- Function:
- Assists the triceps in extending the forearm at the elbow joint
- Stabilizes the elbow joint
Clinical Anatomy
- Radial nerve palsy:
- Causes: fracture of the midshaft of the humerus, incorrect intramuscular injection, Saturday night palsy
- Results: loss of function in the extensors of the forearm, hand, metacarpals, and phalanges
- Wrist drop, weakness of adduction and abduction of the hand
- Brachial artery:
- Pulsation: auscultation for manual recording of blood pressure is carried out in front of the elbow
- Clinical anatomy: pulsation is taken in the cubital fossa, which is a gateway between the arm and forearm
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