Gr 11 History Ch 5 SUM: Apartheid South Africa

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Questions and Answers

Which region in the United States was heavily influenced by the legacy of slavery?

  • Western United States
  • Midwestern United States
  • Southern United States (correct)
  • Northeastern United States

What was the primary goal of the Ku Klux Klan during the 1920s and 1930s?

  • Advocating for women's rights
  • Promoting racial equality
  • Maintaining white racial dominance through intimidation and terror (correct)
  • Supporting the eugenics movement

What was the eugenics movement primarily concerned with?

  • Improving the genetic quality of the human population through selective breeding (correct)
  • Promoting religious tolerance
  • Improving education for minorities
  • Advocating for labor rights

In which European countries did the eugenics movement lead to forced sterilization?

<p>Denmark, Switzerland, Germany, Norway, and Sweden (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary ideology behind the eugenics movement?

<p>Racial hierarchy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Germany, what was the primary goal of scientific racism?

<p>Categorizing humans into racial hierarchies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of Jim Crow laws on African Americans?

<p>They were denied the right to vote and use public facilities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main consequence of the eugenics movement in Europe?

<p>Forced sterilization of individuals deemed 'defective' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of apartheid in South Africa?

<p>To maintain white supremacy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was a key feature of apartheid?

<p>Residential segregation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the 1948 National Party victory in South Africa?

<p>The institutionalization of racism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which commission recommended formalized and entrenched segregation?

<p>Sauer Commission (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the electoral boundary manipulation in 1948?

<p>Disproportionate representation of rural constituencies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of apartheid on the economy?

<p>Economic disparities that disadvantaged non-whites (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the National Party's campaign in 1948?

<p>The establishment of apartheid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of apartheid on international relations?

<p>International isolation and condemnation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the Fagan Commission's recommendation?

<p>Limited integration and economic cooperation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the struggle against apartheid?

<p>The end of apartheid in 1994 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main purpose of the Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act (1949)?

<p>To socially engineer racial boundaries and enforce racial purity concepts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was criminalized by the Immorality Amendment Act (1950)?

<p>Sexual relations between whites and non-whites (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was mandated by the Population Registration Act (1950)?

<p>Classification of all South Africans by race (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main purpose of the Group Areas Act (1950)?

<p>To segregate residential areas by race (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was mandated by the Reservation of Separate Amenities Act (1953)?

<p>Racially separate public facilities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was established by the Bantu Education Act (1953)?

<p>A separate and inferior educational system for African students (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the apartheid laws?

<p>Social stratification and economic disparities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a result of the apartheid legislation?

<p>Domestic resistance and civil rights movements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a long-term effect of the apartheid laws?

<p>Lasting social and economic effects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major aspect of the apartheid legislation?

<p>Institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the arrest and imprisonment of key leaders like Mandela and Sobukwe?

<p>It weakened organizational leadership (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Rivonia Trial?

<p>Eight defendants were found guilty and sentenced to life imprisonment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Rivonia Trial on the ANC?

<p>It led to significant disorganization within the ANC's ranks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the imprisonment of anti-apartheid leaders?

<p>It increased international pressure on the South African government (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the economic impact of the Rivonia Trial?

<p>It strengthened the National Party's grip on power (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Rivonia Trial?

<p>It was a symbol of the struggle for freedom and justice in South Africa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Rivonia Trial on the international community?

<p>It increased international pressure on the South African government (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the apartheid government's strengthening of repressive policies?

<p>It led to a decrease in dissent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Sharpeville Massacre on the anti-apartheid movement?

<p>It marked a drastic change in the tactics of the anti-apartheid movement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of international support and training on the anti-apartheid movement?

<p>It marked the beginning of a more proactive and global approach to combating apartheid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of Australia's White Australia Policy?

<p>Maintaining a homogeneous white society (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the 1913 Land Act in South Africa?

<p>The majority of the country's land was reserved for white ownership and use (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Native Urban Areas Act of 1923?

<p>To designate urban areas as 'white' spaces (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of JBM Hertzog's policies in the 1920s?

<p>Segregation was further entrenched (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Great Depression on racial tensions in South Africa?

<p>Racial tensions increased (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Native Economic Commission established in 1932?

<p>To recommend that black people remain in rural reserves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the National Party's victory in the 1948 elections?

<p>Apartheid was formally instituted (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the White Australia Policy's assimilation of mixed-descent children?

<p>To 'breed out' their Indigenous heritage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Industrial Conciliation Act of 1924?

<p>White labor rights were safeguarded (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Mines and Works Amendment Act of 1926?

<p>To reinforce the colour bar in the mining industry (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Population Registration Act of 1950?

<p>To classify the population by racial categories (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following acts segregated educational systems and curtailed the quality of education for non-whites?

<p>Bantu Education Act (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the All African Convention (AAC) in 1935?

<p>To discuss strategies for collective action against discriminatory policies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of Dr. AB Xuma's leadership in the 1940s?

<p>He marked a shift towards a more dynamic approach in the ANC (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main objective of Mahatma Gandhi's satyagraha campaign?

<p>To encourage non-violent resistance against unjust laws (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the ANC Youth League (ANCYL) established in 1944?

<p>To advocate for more radical measures against apartheid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary strategy of the South African Native National Congress (SANNC) during its early years?

<p>Persuasion through delegations and petitions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main consequence of the Group Areas Act of 1950?

<p>Forced separation of communities by race (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Defiance Campaign in 1952?

<p>The leaders received suspended prison sentences and additional restrictions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Public Safety Act (1953) and the Criminal Law Amendment Act (1953)?

<p>To allow the government to declare a state of emergency and impose severe penalties for protests (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Immorality Amendment Act of 1950?

<p>To promote racial purity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Reservation of Separate Amenities Act of 1953?

<p>Institutionalization of inequality in public facilities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the Bantu Authorities Act (1951)?

<p>Widespread discontent among the rural population due to the centralization of control (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Workers' Party of South Africa during the 1930s?

<p>To promote democratic reforms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Promotion of Bantu Self-Government Act (1959)?

<p>To segregate ethnic groups and dilute African nationalism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main consequence of the Native Resettlement Act of 1954 and the Native (Urban Areas) Amendment Act of 1955?

<p>Breakup of families and communities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the apartheid government's response to the Defiance Campaign?

<p>Many activists were forced underground (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Defiance Campaign in 1952?

<p>It significantly raised the political profile of the ANC (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary characteristic of internal resistance to apartheid in South Africa before 1960?

<p>Non-violent actions and persuasive tactics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the early forms of resistance against apartheid?

<p>The setting of the stage for more intensive anti-apartheid activities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the apartheid government's reaction to the Congress of the People and the adoption of the Freedom Charter?

<p>The resistance movement was weakened, and the apartheid government intensified its policies. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the lengthy Treason Trial?

<p>The activists were acquitted after five years, leading to increased international attention to the resistance efforts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Sharpeville Massacre influence the anti-apartheid struggle?

<p>It marked a significant turning point, catalyzing a shift from non-violent protest to armed resistance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the police firing on unarmed protesters at the Sharpeville Massacre?

<p>It incited widespread outrage among the black population and led to increased protests across the country. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the government's response to the growing unrest following the Sharpeville Massacre?

<p>The government declared a state of emergency in 122 districts, detaining thousands of people, including key resistance leaders and activists. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the government's refusal to convene a national convention for drafting a new constitution?

<p>The ANC and PAC decided to form military wings, marking a shift from non-violent resistance to armed struggle. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the Unlawful Organizations Act of 1960?

<p>The ANC and PAC were banned under this act, significantly hampering their ability to organize and coordinate resistance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the United Nations' response to the Sharpeville Massacre?

<p>The UN Security Council adopted Resolution 134, condemning the massacre and calling on South Africa to abandon apartheid and treat all citizens equally. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the international community's reaction to the Sharpeville Massacre?

<p>South Africa's diplomatic isolation accelerated, affecting its international relations and economic situation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the formation of military wings by the ANC and PAC?

<p>The military wings initially focused on sabotage and other forms of armed protest. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the 1948 electoral victory of the National Party in South Africa?

<p>The party institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Sharpeville Massacre in 1960?

<p>It garnered widespread international media attention and shifted global public opinion against the South African government. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights on the apartheid system?

<p>It underscored the rights and freedoms that apartheid explicitly denied. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Rivonia Trial?

<p>The trial marked a significant escalation in the anti-apartheid struggle. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of apartheid on the global community?

<p>It led to international condemnation and isolation of South Africa. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of Nelson Mandela's speech during the trial?

<p>It became a defining moment in the fight against apartheid. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the international community's actions against apartheid?

<p>The actions led to increased diplomatic isolation of South Africa. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the term 'apartheid'?

<p>It became an internationally recognized term for racial segregation and discrimination. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the post-World War II era on the apartheid system?

<p>It led to a greater recognition of human rights, which contradicted the apartheid system. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the cultural and sports boycotts against South Africa?

<p>The boycotts led to international isolation of South Africa. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of Australia's White Australia Policy?

<p>To maintain a homogeneous white society (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the 1913 Land Act in South Africa?

<p>It restricted black land ownership to certain designated areas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Native Urban Areas Act of 1923 in South Africa?

<p>To restrict black movement and residence in urban areas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of JBM Hertzog's policies in the 1920s in South Africa?

<p>They entrenched segregation and protected white economic interests (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the Great Depression on racial tensions in South Africa?

<p>It led to increased migration of people into urban areas, intensifying racial tensions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Native Economic Commission established in 1932?

<p>To recommend that black people remain in rural reserves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the National Party's victory in the 1948 elections in South Africa?

<p>The formal institution of apartheid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the forced removal of Aboriginal children from their families in Australia?

<p>To breed out their Indigenous heritage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Industrial Conciliation Act of 1924 in South Africa?

<p>It legalized white-only trade unions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Wages Act of 1925 in South Africa?

<p>To mandate preferential employment of whites (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main goal of apartheid in South Africa?

<p>To maintain white supremacy and control over non-whites (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the 1948 National Party victory in South Africa?

<p>The institutionalization of racism and apartheid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of the Sauer Commission?

<p>To recommend complete segregation and apartheid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of apartheid on the economy?

<p>It favored whites and ensured economic disparities that disadvantaged non-whites (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the electoral boundary manipulation in 1948?

<p>It disproportionately favored rural constituencies over urban areas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of apartheid on international relations?

<p>It resulted in international isolation and condemnation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Fagan Commission?

<p>To advocate for limited integration and economic cooperation between races (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the resistance and struggle against apartheid?

<p>The abolition of apartheid in 1994 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary feature of residential segregation under apartheid?

<p>Separate areas for different racial groups with blacks forced into reserves or townships (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the National Party's campaign in 1948?

<p>The victory of the National Party and the institutionalization of apartheid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act (1949)?

<p>To promote racial purity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the apartheid laws?

<p>The institutionalization of racial segregation and discrimination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Population Registration Act (1950)?

<p>To classify all South Africans by race (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Group Areas Act (1950)?

<p>The segregation of residential areas by race (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Reservation of Separate Amenities Act (1953)?

<p>To establish separate and unequal public facilities by race (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Bantu Education Act (1953)?

<p>To establish a separate and inferior educational system for African students (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the apartheid legislation on the economy?

<p>It facilitated economic inequalities, reserving the best jobs and areas for whites (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the apartheid laws on political power?

<p>Whites maintained political power and control (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the apartheid laws on cultural exchange?

<p>It stifled cultural exchange and promoted racial superiority (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the apartheid laws on international relations?

<p>International condemnation and isolation of the South African government (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Immorality Amendment Act (1950)?

<p>To outlaw sexual relations between whites and non-whites (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Population Registration Act (1950)?

<p>Family separations as members were classified into different racial groups (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Group Areas Act (1950)?

<p>To designate specific residential areas for different races (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Bantu Education Act (1953)?

<p>The limitation of quality education for non-whites (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who developed and implemented the satyagraha campaign of non-violent resistance?

<p>Mahatma Gandhi (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the South African Native National Congress (SANNC)?

<p>To persuade the government through diplomatic efforts and peaceful protests (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Workers' Party and other groups in the 1930s?

<p>To emphasize non-collaboration and boycotts to press their demands (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the apartheid laws?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of apartheid in South Africa?

<p>To promote racial purity through segregation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Native Resettlement Act (1954) and Native (Urban Areas) Amendment Act (1955)?

<p>The breaking apart of families and communities, contributing to social instability and economic disadvantage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the government's promotion of ethnic divisions?

<p>Many urbanized blacks opposed the traditional leadership system. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Nelson Mandela and other resistance leaders seek in their fight against apartheid?

<p>International support and training (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Rivonia Trial?

<p>Eight defendants were sentenced to life imprisonment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Treason Trial?

<p>The resistance movements were temporarily weakened. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the Sharpeville Massacre?

<p>The resistance movements shifted to armed struggle. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Rivonia Trial on the ANC?

<p>The ANC's leadership was weakened, and its strategies were reorganized (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the government's declaration of a state of emergency?

<p>Thousands of people, including key resistance leaders, were detained. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the apartheid government's strengthening of repressive policies?

<p>The policies led to more stringent enforcement of apartheid laws (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Sharpeville Massacre?

<p>It catalyzed a series of events that contributed to the downfall of apartheid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the Unlawful Organizations Act of 1960?

<p>The African National Congress and the Pan Africanist Congress were weakened. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of international support and training on the anti-apartheid movement?

<p>It strengthened the movement and marked a more proactive approach (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the international response to the Sharpeville Massacre?

<p>The United Nations condemned the massacre and called for equality. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the formation of Umkhonto we Sizwe and Poqo?

<p>The resistance movements became more violent. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Rivonia Trial on the international community?

<p>The international community condemned the apartheid regime (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Treason Trials and imprisonment of key leaders?

<p>The leaders were transformed into international symbols of resistance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the national referendum in 1961?

<p>South Africa became a republic and left the British Commonwealth. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Rivonia Trial on the ANC's external wing?

<p>Oliver Tambo and other key figures fled South Africa to operate in exile (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the international community's reaction to the Sharpeville Massacre?

<p>South Africa's diplomatic isolation increased. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the long-term effect of the Rivonia Trial?

<p>The trial became a symbol of the struggle for freedom and justice in South Africa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the apartheid government's strengthening of repressive policies?

<p>The resistance movements were weakened. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of Nelson Mandela's speech during the Rivonia Trial?

<p>It was a defining moment in the fight against apartheid. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the 1948 election in South Africa?

<p>The National Party institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Sharpeville Massacre on global public opinion?

<p>It significantly shifted global public opinion against the South African government. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the international community's actions against apartheid?

<p>South Africa was excluded from international sports and cultural organizations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Rivonia Trial in the anti-apartheid movement?

<p>It marked a significant escalation in the anti-apartheid struggle. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of apartheid on the global community?

<p>It led to widespread condemnation and isolation of South Africa. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?

<p>It underscored rights and freedoms that apartheid explicitly denied. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the National Party's victory in the 1948 election on racial segregation?

<p>Racial segregation was legally enforced and codified. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of Jim Crow laws in the Southern United States?

<p>To enforce racial segregation and disenfranchisement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the anti-apartheid movement on the global community?

<p>It influenced the global fight against racial segregation and for human rights. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group was notorious for violent acts against African Americans, Jews, Catholics, and immigrants?

<p>The Ku Klux Klan (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the international community's condemnation of apartheid?

<p>South Africa was excluded from international organizations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the eugenics movement primarily concerned with in popular culture?

<p>Improving the genetic quality of the human population (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which country did the eugenics movement lead to the sterilization of individuals deemed 'defective'?

<p>Denmark (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of scientific racism in Germany?

<p>To categorize humans into hierarchies of races (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of Jim Crow laws on African Americans?

<p>They were denied voting rights and equal access to public facilities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the eugenics movement in Europe?

<p>To improve the genetic quality of the human population (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the eugenics movement in Europe?

<p>Forced sterilization of individuals deemed 'defective' occurred (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the All African Convention (AAC) formed in 1935?

<p>To discuss strategies for collective action against discriminatory policies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who led the ANC in the 1940s and marked a shift towards a more dynamic approach?

<p>Dr. AB Xuma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main objective of the ANC Youth League (ANCYL) established in 1944?

<p>To advocate for more radical measures against apartheid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Defiance Campaign launched in 1952?

<p>The campaign significantly raised the political profile of the ANC (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the apartheid government's response to the Defiance Campaign?

<p>They arrested leaders of the Defiance Campaign, including Nelson Mandela (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the apartheid government's response to the Defiance Campaign?

<p>The leaders received suspended prison sentences and additional restrictions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Public Safety Act (1953) and the Criminal Law Amendment Act (1953)?

<p>To allow the government to declare a state of emergency and impose severe penalties for protests (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the Public Safety Act (1953) and the Criminal Law Amendment Act (1953)?

<p>Many activists were forced underground, and the state gained extensive powers of arrest (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Bantu Authorities Act (1951)?

<p>To increase government control over rural areas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the Bantu Authorities Act (1951)?

<p>Widespread discontent among the rural population (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act (1949)?

<p>To prohibit marriages between whites and people of other races (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main consequence of the apartheid laws?

<p>Institutionalizing racial segregation and discrimination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Group Areas Act (1950)?

<p>To segregate residential areas by race (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the apartheid legislation?

<p>Entrenching racial segregation and discrimination (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was mandated by the Population Registration Act (1950)?

<p>The classification of all South Africans by race (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Bantu Education Act (1953)?

<p>To establish a separate education system for African students (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the apartheid laws on non-white South Africans?

<p>They were systematically marginalized and denied basic rights and freedoms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the All African Convention (AAC) in 1935?

<p>To unify African resistance against discriminatory policies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the apartheid legislation on the economy?

<p>Facilitating economic disparities and restrictions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Reservation of Separate Amenities Act (1953)?

<p>To segregate public facilities by race (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Defiance Campaign Trial in 1952?

<p>The leaders received suspended prison sentences and banning orders (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Public Safety Act of 1953?

<p>To allow the government to declare a state of emergency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the apartheid laws on international relations?

<p>Leading to international sanctions and isolation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the apartheid government's response to resistance movements?

<p>The resistance movements became more radical (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Immorality Amendment Act (1950)?

<p>To maintain racial purity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Bantu Authorities Act of 1951?

<p>To increase government control over rural areas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the ANCYL's advocacy for more radical measures?

<p>The ANC's strategy against apartheid was revitalized (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the Population Registration Act (1950)?

<p>Racial classification and segregation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of Mahatma Gandhi's satyagraha campaign?

<p>Non-violent resistance and defiance of unjust laws (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Promotion of Bantu Self-Government Act of 1959?

<p>To segregate ethnic groups and dilute African nationalism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the apartheid government's response to the Defiance Campaign?

<p>The resistance movements became more radical (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary strategy of the South African Native National Congress (SANNC) in its early years?

<p>Persuasion through delegations and petitions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main consequence of the apartheid laws?

<p>Social instability, poverty, and inequality (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of Dr. AB Xuma's leadership in the 1940s?

<p>The ANC's strategy against apartheid was revitalized (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the apartheid government's response to rural dissent?

<p>The rural population became more discontent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Group Areas Act (1950)?

<p>To designate specific residential areas for different races (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Bantu Education Act (1953)?

<p>To segregate educational systems and limit the quality of education for non-whites (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Native Resettlement Act (1954) and Native (Urban Areas) Amendment Act (1955)?

<p>To relocate black residents to government-created townships (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Reservation of Separate Amenities Act (1953)?

<p>To segregate public facilities and institutionalize inequality (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Extension of University Education Act (1959)?

<p>To segregate educational systems and limit access to quality education (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Rivonia Trial?

<p>Eight of the accused were found guilty and sentenced to life imprisonment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Rivonia Trial on the ANC?

<p>The trial led to significant disorganization within the ANC (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the apartheid government's strengthening of repressive policies?

<p>More stringent enforcement of apartheid laws led to increased dissent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of international support and training on the anti-apartheid movement?

<p>The movement gained international momentum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Sharpeville Massacre?

<p>It catalyzed a series of events that contributed to the downfall of apartheid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the arrest and imprisonment of key leaders like Mandela and Sobukwe?

<p>They were transformed into international symbols of resistance against apartheid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Rivonia Trial on the international community?

<p>The international community intensified its condemnation of apartheid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the economic impact of the Rivonia Trial?

<p>The economy experienced a boom, strengthening the National Party's grip on power (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Rivonia Trial?

<p>It was a crucial event in South Africa's history, contributing to the downfall of apartheid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Strengthening of Apartheid Policies?

<p>It resulted in more stringent enforcement of apartheid laws (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary difference between apartheid and segregation in South Africa?

<p>Apartheid involved a comprehensive and rigid application of laws designed to segregate and control every aspect of non-white life (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the 1948 National Party victory in South Africa?

<p>The institutionalization of racial divisions and the entrenchment of apartheid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Sauer Commission?

<p>To recommend formalized and entrenched segregation, or apartheid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary motivation behind the Jim Crow laws in the Southern United States?

<p>To maintain white racial dominance and disenfranchise Black Americans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of apartheid on the economy of South Africa?

<p>It resulted in economic disparities that disadvantaged non-whites significantly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the electoral boundary manipulation in 1948?

<p>The distribution of electoral boundaries disproportionately favored rural constituencies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group was responsible for promoting Anglo-Saxon and Protestant superiority during the 1920s and 1930s?

<p>The Ku Klux Klan (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the eugenics movement primarily concerned with in popular culture?

<p>Improving genetic quality through selective breeding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main consequence of the resistance and struggle against apartheid?

<p>The eventual end of apartheid in 1994 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the apartheid policies in South Africa?

<p>To maintain white supremacy and control over non-white South Africans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which European countries did the eugenics movement lead to forced sterilization?

<p>Denmark, Switzerland, Germany, Norway, and Sweden (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of scientific racism in Germany?

<p>To categorize humans into hierarchies of races (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the 1948 National Party victory in South Africa?

<p>It entrenched racial divisions and led to the institutionalization of apartheid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the alliance between the National Party and the Afrikaner Party?

<p>The National Party secured a parliamentary majority (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of Jim Crow laws on African Americans?

<p>They were denied the right to vote, use the same public facilities as whites, and live in many of the same neighborhoods (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the influx control laws under apartheid?

<p>To restrict the movement of black people into urban areas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the eugenics movement in Europe?

<p>To engineer societies through selective breeding and forced sterilization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Ku Klux Klan on racial tensions in the United States?

<p>It maintained white racial dominance and intimidated African Americans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of Nelson Mandela's speech during the Rivonia Trial?

<p>It became a defining moment in the fight against apartheid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the international community respond to apartheid?

<p>They condemned apartheid through diplomatic isolation and economic sanctions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Sharpeville Massacre?

<p>It garnered international media attention and shifted global public opinion against the South African government (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the 1948 National Party victory in South Africa lead to?

<p>The institutionalization of racial segregation and discrimination (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of apartheid on the global stage?

<p>It stood in stark contrast to global movements for human rights and decolonization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Rivonia Trial on the ANC?

<p>It marked a shift in tactics from non-violent protest to armed struggle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of international sports and cultural boycotts on South Africa?

<p>They were a key component of broader efforts to isolate the regime (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the implementation of apartheid fit into the global context?

<p>It stood in stark contrast to global movements for human rights and decolonization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the apartheid government's strengthening of repressive policies?

<p>It further entrenched racial segregation and discrimination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the term 'apartheid'?

<p>It became an internationally recognized term and concept (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main goal of Australia's White Australia Policy?

<p>To maintain a homogeneous white society (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the 1913 Land Act in South Africa?

<p>It restricted black land ownership to certain designated areas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Native Urban Areas Act of 1923?

<p>To restrict black Africans' movement and residence in urban areas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of JBM Hertzog's policies in the 1920s?

<p>They entrenched segregation and protected white economic interests (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the National Party's victory in the 1948 elections?

<p>The formal institution of apartheid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the forced removal of Aboriginal children from their families in Australia?

<p>To assimilate mixed-descent children into white society (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Native Economic Commission established in 1932?

<p>To recommend that black people remain in rural reserves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Industrial Conciliation Act of 1924?

<p>It legalized white-only trade unions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Wages Act of 1925?

<p>To mandate preferential employment of whites (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Mines and Works Amendment Act of 1926?

<p>It reinforced the colour bar in the mining industry (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the apartheid government's reaction to the Congress of the People and the adoption of the Freedom Charter?

<p>Greater electoral support for the National Party and intensified apartheid policies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Treason Trial that began in 1956?

<p>The acquittals of all 156 activists after five years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the Sharpeville Massacre in 1960?

<p>A shift from non-violent protest to armed resistance against the apartheid regime (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the Unlawful Organizations Act (1960)?

<p>The banning of the ANC and PAC, significantly hampering their ability to organize and coordinate resistance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the national referendum among white voters in 1961?

<p>South Africa became a republic and exited the British Commonwealth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the international community's reaction to the Sharpeville Massacre?

<p>South Africa's diplomatic isolation accelerated (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the formation of military wings by the ANC and PAC?

<p>The adoption of sabotage and other forms of armed protest (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Sharpeville Massacre on the resistance movement?

<p>It catalyzed a shift from predominantly non-violent protest to armed resistance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the reaction of the apartheid government to the growing unrest following the Sharpeville Massacre?

<p>It declared a state of emergency and detained thousands of people (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary impact of Jim Crow laws in the Southern United States?

<p>Denying Black Americans the right to vote and use the same public facilities as whites (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Ku Klux Klan during the 1920s and 1930s?

<p>Maintaining white racial dominance through intimidation and terror (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary concern of the eugenics movement in Europe?

<p>Engineering societies by forcibly preventing certain individuals from reproducing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary ideology behind scientific racism in Germany?

<p>Categorizing humans into hierarchies of races, with Germans as superior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary impact of the eugenics movement on European societies?

<p>Leading to the forced sterilization of individuals deemed 'defective' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the eugenics movement in popular culture?

<p>Justifying discriminatory practices against minorities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary impact of racism and segregation on societies globally?

<p>Leading to widespread discrimination and human rights violations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary feature of the eugenics movement in Europe?

<p>Forced sterilization of individuals deemed 'defective' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main goal of the White Australia Policy?

<p>To maintain a homogeneous white society (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the 1913 Land Act in South Africa?

<p>To restrict black land ownership to certain designated areas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main impact of the Native Urban Areas Act of 1923?

<p>It restricted black Africans' access to urban areas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of JBM Hertzog's policies in the 1920s?

<p>To protect the economic interests of the white population (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary consequence of the Great Depression on racial tensions in South Africa?

<p>It intensified racial tensions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Native Economic Commission established in 1932?

<p>To recommend that black people remain in rural reserves (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the National Party's victory in the 1948 elections?

<p>The formal institution of apartheid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the assimilation of mixed-descent children in Australia's White Australia Policy?

<p>To 'breed out' their Indigenous heritage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Industrial Conciliation Act of 1924?

<p>It legalized white-only trade unions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Mines and Works Amendment Act of 1926?

<p>To restrict black employment opportunities in the mining industry (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Immorality Amendment Act of 1950?

<p>To outlaw sexual relations between whites and non-whites (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Population Registration Act of 1950?

<p>Family separations as members were classified into different racial groups (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Group Areas Act of 1950?

<p>To designate specific residential areas for different races (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Bantu Education Act of 1953?

<p>Ensured a substandard education for non-whites (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of Mahatma Gandhi's satyagraha campaign?

<p>To defy unjust laws through non-violent resistance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the South African Native National Congress (SANNC)?

<p>To organize peaceful protests against discriminatory policies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Reservation of Separate Amenities Act of 1953?

<p>Institutionalized inequality with 'separate but unequal' facilities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Extension of University Education Act of 1959?

<p>Established separate universities for different racial groups (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Workers' Party and other groups in the 1930s?

<p>To call for democratic reforms and emphasize non-collaboration and boycotts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Native Resettlement Act of 1954 and the Native (Urban Areas) Amendment Act of 1955?

<p>Broke apart families and communities, contributing to social instability and economic disadvantage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the apartheid government's reaction to the Congress of the People and the adoption of the Freedom Charter?

<p>The resistance movement gained momentum and international attention. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the immediate domestic impact of the Sharpeville Massacre?

<p>A state of emergency was declared, and thousands were detained. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the banning of the ANC and PAC under the Unlawful Organizations Act (1960)?

<p>The organizations' ability to organize and coordinate resistance was significantly hampered. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the international consequence of the Sharpeville Massacre?

<p>The United Nations Security Council condemned the massacre and called for apartheid's abolition. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the apartheid government's strengthening of repressive policies?

<p>International support for the anti-apartheid movement increased. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Rivonia Trial?

<p>Nelson Mandela and other leaders were imprisoned. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the imprisonment of anti-apartheid leaders?

<p>The anti-apartheid movement gained momentum. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the international community's reaction to the Sharpeville Massacre?

<p>South Africa's diplomatic isolation increased. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the formation of military wings by the ANC and PAC?

<p>The anti-apartheid movement shifted from non-violent to armed struggle. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the national referendum among white voters in 1960?

<p>South Africa became a republic. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Rivonia Trial?

<p>A significant escalation in the anti-apartheid struggle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the South African government's racial policies?

<p>To institutionalize racial segregation and discrimination (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Sharpeville Massacre in 1960?

<p>It marked a critical turning point in global public opinion against the South African government (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the 1948 National Party victory in South Africa?

<p>The institutionalization of racial segregation and discrimination (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the international community's actions against apartheid?

<p>South Africa became increasingly isolated and condemned (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of apartheid on the global community?

<p>It became an internationally recognized term and concept for racial segregation and discrimination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of Nelson Mandela's speech during the Rivonia Trial?

<p>It was a defining moment in the fight against apartheid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the post-World War II era?

<p>A shift towards greater recognition of human rights (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the international sports and cultural boycotts?

<p>South Africa was excluded from international sports and cultural organizations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the apartheid government's strengthening of repressive policies?

<p>Increased international isolation and condemnation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act (1949)?

<p>To promote racial purity and socially engineer racial boundaries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Immorality Amendment Act (1950)?

<p>It led to significant social discord and invasive policing of personal relationships (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the Population Registration Act (1950)?

<p>The classification of all South Africans by race led to the issuance of identity documents specifying racial group (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main consequence of the Group Areas Act (1950)?

<p>Non-whites were forcibly relocated to separate and inferior living areas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Reservation of Separate Amenities Act (1953)?

<p>Racially separate public facilities were mandated, with inferior facilities for non-whites (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Bantu Education Act (1953)?

<p>To prepare African students for lives as laborers and servants, reinforcing a cycle of poverty and limited economic mobility (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the apartheid laws on the economy?

<p>Economic disparities between whites and non-whites increased (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the apartheid laws on political power?

<p>Non-white South Africans were disenfranchised and excluded from the political process (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the apartheid laws on cultural exchange?

<p>Cultural exchange and growth were stifled by legally enforcing cultural separateness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the apartheid legislation?

<p>The apartheid laws institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the apartheid policy in South Africa?

<p>To maintain white supremacy by controlling the lives of non-white South Africans (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the 1948 National Party victory in South Africa?

<p>The institutionalization of racial segregation and discrimination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the major difference between segregation and apartheid?

<p>Segregation involved the physical separation of races, while apartheid involved the legal enforcement of racial segregation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the electoral boundary manipulation in 1948?

<p>The distribution of electoral boundaries disproportionately favored rural constituencies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Sauer Commission's recommendation?

<p>For formalized and entrenched segregation, or apartheid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the apartheid policy on the economy?

<p>Economic policies favoring whites and disadvantaging non-whites (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the National Party's campaign in 1948?

<p>The National Party won the election due to their campaign capitalizing on fears of a black uprising and economic competition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the apartheid policy on international relations?

<p>South Africa became increasingly isolated internationally due to its apartheid policies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the resistance and struggle against apartheid?

<p>The resistance and struggle led to the end of apartheid in 1994 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the apartheid legislation?

<p>To legally enforce racial segregation and control every aspect of non-white life (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the All African Convention (AAC) formed in 1935?

<p>To unify African resistance against discriminatory policies. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who led the ANC in the 1940s, marking a shift towards a more dynamic approach?

<p>Dr. AB Xuma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Defiance Campaign launched in 1952?

<p>The campaign significantly raised the political profile of the ANC. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Public Safety Act and the Criminal Law Amendment Act enacted in 1953?

<p>To declare a state of emergency and impose severe penalties for protests. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the apartheid government's response to resistance in rural areas?

<p>The centralization of control helped the government manage rural dissent. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Promotion of Bantu Self-Government Act established in 1959?

<p>To segregate ethnic groups and dilute African nationalism. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the apartheid government's reaction to the Defiance Campaign?

<p>The leaders received suspended prison sentences and additional restrictions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the apartheid government's response to ongoing protests and defiance?

<p>Many activists were forced underground. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the Black Resistance in Rural Areas?

<p>The centralization of control helped the government manage rural dissent. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the apartheid government's response to resistance against apartheid?

<p>The government's response led to a temporary relaxation of apartheid legislation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Rivonia Trial in the context of the anti-apartheid struggle?

<p>It transformed the accused into global symbols of resistance against apartheid, catalyzing a global campaign against the regime. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the arrest and imprisonment of key leaders like Mandela and Sobukwe?

<p>It transformed these figures into international symbols of resistance against apartheid. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the apartheid government's strengthening of repressive policies in the short term?

<p>It led to more stringent enforcement of apartheid laws. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Sharpeville Massacre on the anti-apartheid movement?

<p>It catalyzed a series of events that eventually contributed to the downfall of apartheid. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the resistance leaders, including Nelson Mandela, in seeking international support and training?

<p>To combat apartheid through a more proactive and global approach. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the economic boom in South Africa during the 1960s?

<p>It enabled the apartheid regime to push forward with its policy of separate development. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Rivonia Trial on the ANC's leadership?

<p>It led to significant disorganization within the ANC's ranks. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Rivonia Trial on the international community?

<p>It catalyzed a global campaign against apartheid, significantly increasing international pressure on the South African government. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Rivonia Trial in the context of South African history?

<p>It was a crucial event that contributed to the downfall of apartheid. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Strengthening of Apartheid Policies in the short term?

<p>It led to more stringent enforcement of apartheid laws. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary consequence of the Ku Klux Klan's violent acts?

<p>Heightened racial tensions and human rights violations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the eugenics movement in Europe?

<p>To improve the genetic quality of the human population (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary outcome of the eugenics movement in Germany?

<p>Forced sterilization of individuals deemed 'defective' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary impact of Jim Crow laws in the Southern United States?

<p>Denial of basic human rights and disenfranchisement of African Americans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary ideology behind scientific racism in Germany?

<p>The superiority of the Aryan race (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the eugenics movement in popular culture?

<p>To justify discriminatory practices against minorities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary outcome of the eugenics movement in the United States?

<p>The promotion of discriminatory practices against minorities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary consequence of the resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan?

<p>Promotion of racial segregation and discrimination (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary effect of the Immorality Amendment Act (1950) on societal relationships?

<p>Widespread social discord and state surveillance of personal relations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the Group Areas Act (1950) on communities?

<p>Forced physical separation by race, leading to mass evictions and relocations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Bantu Education Act (1953)?

<p>To segregate educational systems and curtail the quality of education for non-whites (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the early forms of resistance to apartheid and racial segregation in South Africa?

<p>Non-violent actions and persuasive tactics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Reservation of Separate Amenities Act (1953) on public services?

<p>Institutionalized inequality with 'separate but unequal' facilities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of Mahatma Gandhi's satyagraha campaign of non-violent resistance?

<p>To defy unjust laws through non-registration and protest marches (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the SANNC's early actions?

<p>Peaceful protests and diplomatic efforts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Workers' Party and other groups in the 1930s?

<p>To call for democratic reforms and emphasize non-collaboration and boycotts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the Population Registration Act (1950) on family relationships?

<p>Caused family separations as members were classified into different racial groups (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Extension of University Education Act (1959)?

<p>To establish separate universities for different racial groups (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the All African Convention (AAC) in 1935?

<p>To unify African resistance against apartheid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Defiance Campaign Trial in 1952?

<p>The leaders received suspended prison sentences and banning orders (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Public Safety Act of 1953?

<p>To declare a state of emergency and impose severe penalties for protests (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the apartheid government's response to rural resistance?

<p>Increased centralization of control and discontent among rural populations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Promotion of Bantu Self-Government Act of 1959?

<p>To establish autonomous homelands for ethnic groups (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the apartheid government's response to urban resistance?

<p>Increased repression and restriction of civil liberties (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the ANCYL?

<p>To advocate for more radical measures against apartheid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the ANC's shift towards more dynamic strategies in the 1940s?

<p>A revitalization of the ANC's strategy against apartheid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Defiance Campaign?

<p>To deliberately violate apartheid laws and provoke arrest (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the apartheid government's response to resistance movements?

<p>Increased repression and restriction of civil liberties (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the apartheid government's promotion of ethnic divisions on national unity?

<p>Weakening of national unity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Congress of the People and the adoption of the Freedom Charter in 1955?

<p>Arrest and charge of 156 activists with high treason (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Treason Trial on the Congress Alliance?

<p>Temporary weakening of the alliance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Sharpeville Massacre?

<p>Escalation of violence and shift to armed resistance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the government's declaration of a state of emergency in 1960?

<p>Detention of thousands of people, including key resistance leaders and activists (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the formation of military wings by the ANC and PAC?

<p>Focus on sabotage and armed protest (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the arrest and imprisonment of key leaders like Mandela and Sobukwe?

<p>It transformed these figures into international symbols of resistance against apartheid. (A), It weakened the organizational leadership of the African National Congress. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the UN Security Council's adoption of Resolution 134 in 1960?

<p>Heightened international scrutiny and criticism of South Africa (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Rivonia Trial?

<p>It became a symbol of the struggle for freedom and justice in South Africa. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Sharpeville Massacre on the anti-apartheid movement?

<p>It marked a drastic change in the tactics of the anti-apartheid movement. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the apartheid government's use of legislative and judicial means?

<p>Suppression of opposition and solidification of control (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of international support and training for the anti-apartheid movement?

<p>It marked the beginning of a more proactive and global approach to combating apartheid. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the National Referendum in 1960?

<p>Becoming a republic and exiting the British Commonwealth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Rivonia Trial on the African National Congress?

<p>It led to the reorganization of the ANC and intensified armed struggle. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the radicalization of the anti-apartheid movement?

<p>Formation of military wings and increased armed struggle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the apartheid government's strengthening of repressive policies?

<p>It led to more stringent enforcement of apartheid laws. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Rivonia Trial on the international community?

<p>It catalyzed a global campaign against apartheid, increasing international pressure on the South African government. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the National Party's victory in the 1948 elections?

<p>It marked the beginning of apartheid policies. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of Liliesleaf Farm in the context of the Rivonia Trial?

<p>It was the location of the raid on the Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK), leading to the Rivonia Trial. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the economic boom in South Africa during the 1960s?

<p>It strengthened the National Party's grip on power. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the 1948 electoral victory of the National Party in South Africa?

<p>The institutionalization of racial segregation and discrimination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Sharpeville Massacre in the fight against apartheid?

<p>It garnered widespread international media attention and shifted global public opinion against the South African government (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Rivonia Trial on the anti-apartheid movement?

<p>It marked a shift in tactics by the ANC from purely non-violent protest to armed struggle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the international community's actions against apartheid?

<p>To impose economic sanctions and exclude South Africa from international sports and cultural organizations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of Nelson Mandela's speech during the Rivonia Trial?

<p>It was a defining moment in the fight against apartheid, as Mandela stated he was prepared to die for the democratic ideal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the international community's actions against apartheid?

<p>South Africa was increasingly isolated and branded as the 'polecat of the world' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the term 'apartheid' becoming an internationally recognized concept?

<p>It highlighted the stark contrast between South Africa's racial policies and the global movement towards human rights (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the post-World War II era on the global perception of apartheid?

<p>It highlighted the atrocities of World War II and influenced the recognition of human rights (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the anti-apartheid movement's shift in tactics?

<p>The movement marked a significant escalation in the anti-apartheid struggle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the international sports and cultural boycotts?

<p>They were part of broader efforts to isolate the regime and included academic, economic, and military sanctions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ideologies was a precursor to Nazi racial policies in the 1930s?

<p>Scientific Racism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the White Australia Policy's assimilation of mixed-descent children?

<p>To maintain a homogeneous white society (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the 1913 Land Act in South Africa?

<p>It restricted black land ownership to certain designated areas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Native Urban Areas Act of 1923?

<p>To restrict the influx of black Africans into urban areas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of JBM Hertzog's policies in the 1920s?

<p>The entrenchment of segregation and economic discrimination (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Great Depression on racial tensions in South Africa?

<p>It intensified racial tensions and led to increased migration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Native Economic Commission established in 1932?

<p>To recommend that black people remain in rural reserves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did apartheid policies differ from broader colonial segregation policies?

<p>Apartheid involved a comprehensive and rigid application of laws designed to segregate and control every aspect of non-white life. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the National Party's victory in the 1948 elections?

<p>The formal institution of apartheid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Industrial Conciliation Act of 1924?

<p>To legalize white-only trade unions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the 1948 National Party victory in South Africa?

<p>It entrenched racial divisions legally and socially, creating a deeply polarized society. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Sauer Commission?

<p>To recommend formalized and entrenched segregation, arguing it was necessary for the survival of the white race. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Mines and Works Amendment Act of 1926?

<p>To reinforce the color bar in the lucrative mining industry (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of apartheid on the economy of South Africa?

<p>Apartheid policies favored whites and ensured economic disparities that disadvantaged non-whites significantly. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the electoral boundary manipulation in 1948?

<p>The distribution of electoral boundaries disproportionately favored rural constituencies, where the National Party had more support. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the National Party's campaign in 1948?

<p>The National Party's campaign capitalized on fears of a black uprising and economic competition, leading to their electoral victory. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of apartheid on international relations?

<p>South Africa became increasingly isolated internationally due to its apartheid policies, leading to sanctions and global condemnation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the apartheid legislation?

<p>To maintain white supremacy and control the social, economic, and political lives of non-white South Africans. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the resistance and struggle against apartheid?

<p>The resistance and struggle against apartheid led to the end of apartheid in 1994. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of apartheid on non-white South Africans?

<p>Apartheid systematically disadvantaged non-white South Africans, limiting their access to education, jobs, and political representation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary consequence of the apartheid laws on the social structure of South Africa?

<p>It reinforced racial segregation and discrimination. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the apartheid laws impact the economic opportunities of non-white South Africans?

<p>They reserved the best jobs and areas for whites. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the apartheid laws on the political power of non-white South Africans?

<p>They were disenfranchised and excluded from the political process. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the apartheid laws impact cultural exchange and growth in South Africa?

<p>They stifled cultural exchange and growth. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the international condemnation of apartheid?

<p>South Africa faced international sanctions and isolation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Population Registration Act (1950)?

<p>To classify all South Africans by race. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the Group Areas Act (1950)?

<p>Non-white South Africans were forcibly relocated to inferior areas. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Bantu Education Act (1953)?

<p>African students were prepared for lives as laborers and servants. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Reservation of Separate Amenities Act (1953)?

<p>Racially separate public facilities were mandated. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the apartheid legislation?

<p>To maintain white supremacy and segregation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary social issue deeply embedded in the socio-political and economic structures of the 1920s and 1930s globally?

<p>Racism and segregation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Ku Klux Klan during the 1920s and 1930s?

<p>Maintaining white racial dominance through intimidation and terror (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary concern of the eugenics movement in Europe?

<p>Engineering societies through selective breeding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary consequence of the Jim Crow laws in the Southern United States?

<p>Denying African Americans the right to vote and use public facilities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary ideology behind scientific racism in Germany?

<p>Categorizing humans into hierarchical races with Aryan superiority (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of eugenics in popular culture?

<p>Justifying discriminatory practices against minorities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary consequence of the eugenics movement in Europe?

<p>The forced sterilization of individuals deemed 'defective' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary impact of racism and segregation on societies globally?

<p>Leading to widespread discrimination and human rights violations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of Australia's White Australia Policy?

<p>To maintain a homogeneous white society (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the 1913 Land Act in South Africa?

<p>It restricted black land ownership to certain designated areas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Native Urban Areas Act of 1923?

<p>To restrict black Africans' access to urban areas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of JBM Hertzog's policies in the 1920s?

<p>They entrenched segregation and protected white economic interests (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the National Party's victory in the 1948 elections?

<p>The formal institution of apartheid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Industrial Conciliation Act of 1924?

<p>To legalize white-only trade unions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Mines and Works Amendment Act of 1926?

<p>To reinforce the colour bar in the lucrative mining industry (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Great Depression on racial tensions in South Africa?

<p>It intensified racial tensions and led to increased segregation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Native Economic Commission established in 1932?

<p>To recommend formalized and entrenched segregation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the assimilation of mixed-descent children in Australia's White Australia Policy?

<p>To 'breed out' Indigenous Australian heritage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary mechanism by which the National Party secured a parliamentary majority in the 1948 elections?

<p>A strategic alliance with the Afrikaner Party (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the 1948 National Party victory for non-white South Africans?

<p>Complete disenfranchisement and economic marginalization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Sauer Commission?

<p>To propose separate development with supposed 'equal opportunities' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of apartheid on international relations?

<p>South Africa experienced increased isolation and economic sanctions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key feature of apartheid?

<p>Formalized and codified racial segregation and discrimination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Fagan Commission's recommendation?

<p>The adoption of limited integration and economic cooperation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the Institutionalization of Racism under apartheid?

<p>Racial divisions were legally entrenched, creating a deeply polarized society (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the National Party's campaign in 1948?

<p>To capitalize on fears of a black uprising and economic competition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the economic impact of apartheid on non-white South Africans?

<p>Significant economic disparities that disadvantaged non-whites (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the resistance and struggle against apartheid?

<p>The end of apartheid in 1994 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the apartheid government's strategy to weaken national unity?

<p>Promoting ethnic divisions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the Treason Trial on the resistance movements?

<p>It temporarily weakened the resistance by removing leaders from active participation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Sharpeville Massacre in 1960?

<p>The massacre marked a significant shift from non-violent protest to armed resistance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the Unlawful Organizations Act (1960)?

<p>The ANC and PAC were banned, hampering their ability to organize and coordinate resistance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the United Nations Security Council's response to the Sharpeville Massacre?

<p>The UN Security Council condemned the massacre and called on South Africa to abandon apartheid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the formation of military wings by the ANC and PAC?

<p>The formation of military wings marked a significant shift from non-violent resistance to armed struggle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the apartheid government's response to the Sharpeville Massacre?

<p>The government declared a state of emergency in 122 districts, detaining thousands of people (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the national referendum among white voters in 1960?

<p>South Africa became a republic and exited the British Commonwealth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the international community's reaction to the Sharpeville Massacre?

<p>The international community accelerated South Africa's diplomatic isolation, affecting its international relations and economic situation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the formation of Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) and Poqo?

<p>The military wings initially focused on sabotage and other forms of armed protest (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of Nelson Mandela's speech during the Rivonia Trial?

<p>It highlighted his willingness to die for the democratic ideal, amplifying international awareness and mobilization against apartheid. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the global context in which apartheid became an internationally recognized term?

<p>The post-World War II era, characterized by the recognition of human rights and decolonization. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the 1960 Sharpeville Massacre?

<p>Widespread international media attention and a significant shift in global public opinion against the South African government. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the international community's actions against apartheid?

<p>South Africa became more isolated and was branded the 'polecat of the world'. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Rivonia Trial in the anti-apartheid struggle?

<p>It marked a significant escalation in the anti-apartheid struggle, profoundly impacting the ANC's tactics and the international community's engagement. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of apartheid on the global stage?

<p>It stood in stark contrast to global movements for decolonization and civil rights. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the 1948 National Party victory in South Africa?

<p>It institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination, popularizing the term 'apartheid'. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of international sports and cultural boycotts on South Africa?

<p>They were part of broader efforts to isolate the regime, including academic, economic, and military sanctions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the apartheid government's strengthening of repressive policies?

<p>It further entrenched the resolve of anti-apartheid activists. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the term 'apartheid'?

<p>It was a term used to describe the South African government's policy of racial segregation and discrimination. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Rivonia Trial?

<p>The defendants were found guilty and sentenced to life imprisonment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Rivonia Trial on the international community?

<p>It led to widespread international condemnation of the apartheid government. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the apartheid government's strengthening of repressive policies?

<p>It led to increased resistance and protest from the anti-apartheid movement. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Sharpeville Massacre?

<p>It catalyzed a series of events that eventually contributed to the downfall of apartheid. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the treason trials and imprisonment of leaders like Mandela and Sobukwe?

<p>It weakened organizational leadership but also transformed these figures into international symbols of resistance against apartheid. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of international support and training on the anti-apartheid movement?

<p>It marked the beginning of a more proactive and global approach to combating apartheid. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the apartheid government's strengthening of repressive policies on the economy?

<p>It led to an economic boom in South Africa that strengthened the National Party's grip on power. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Rivonia Trial on the ANC's leadership?

<p>It led to significant disorganization within the ANC's ranks. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the imprisonment of anti-apartheid leaders?

<p>It led to increased international pressure on the apartheid government. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Rivonia Trial?

<p>It was a major trial that marked a turning point in the struggle against apartheid. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary consequence of the Classification of the population by racial categories under the Population Registration Act (1950)?

<p>The institutionalization of racial segregation and inequality (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the African National Congress (ANC) during the early 20th century?

<p>To use diplomatic efforts and peaceful protests against discriminatory policies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the arrest and imprisonment of key leaders like Mandela and Sobukwe?

<p>The strengthening of the apartheid government's repressive policies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Reservation of Separate Amenities Act (1953)?

<p>To institutionalize inequality with 'separate but unequal' facilities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Immorality Amendment Act (1950) on South African society?

<p>It led to widespread social discord and state surveillance of personal relations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of Mahatma Gandhi's satyagraha campaign in South Africa?

<p>To defy unjust laws through non-violent resistance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Fagan Commission's recommendation?

<p>The formalized and entrenched segregation of racial groups (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary consequence of the Bantu Education Act (1953)?

<p>The segregation of educational systems and curtailment of quality education for non-whites (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Group Areas Act (1950)?

<p>To designate specific residential areas for different racial groups (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Rivonia Trial?

<p>The imprisonment of key leaders like Mandela and Sobukwe (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the All African Convention (AAC) formed in 1935?

<p>To unify African resistance against discriminatory policies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Defiance Campaign, which started in 1952?

<p>It significantly raised the political profile of the ANC and laid the groundwork for future resistance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the apartheid government's reaction to the Defiance Campaign?

<p>The government relaxed its apartheid laws (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Public Safety Act (1953) and the Criminal Law Amendment Act (1953)?

<p>To declare a state of emergency and impose severe penalties for protests (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the apartheid government's introduction of the Bantu Authorities Act (1951)?

<p>The government gained extensive control over rural areas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Promotion of Bantu Self-Government Act (1959)?

<p>To segregate ethnic groups and dilute African nationalism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the apartheid government's response to resistance against apartheid?

<p>The government gained extensive powers of arrest and control (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Defiance Campaign in the struggle against apartheid?

<p>It laid the groundwork for future national and international resistance to apartheid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the ANC Youth League's (ANCYL) advocacy for more radical measures?

<p>The ANCYL's advocacy led to a revitalization of the ANC's strategy against apartheid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the apartheid government's strengthening of repressive policies?

<p>Many activists were forced underground (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary consequence of the apartheid laws on South African society?

<p>It created a deeply divided society where non-whites were systematically marginalized and denied basic rights and freedoms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main purpose of the Group Areas Act (1950)?

<p>To segregate residential areas by race and forcibly relocate non-white South Africans to specific areas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the apartheid legislation on the international community?

<p>It resulted in international sanctions and isolation, contributing to the system's eventual downfall (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Bantu Education Act (1953)?

<p>To establish a separate and inferior educational system for African students (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the apartheid laws on the economy?

<p>It facilitated economic inequalities by reserving the best jobs, areas, and educational opportunities for whites (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main purpose of the Population Registration Act (1950)?

<p>To classify all South Africans by race and issue identity documents specifying racial group (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the apartheid laws on non-white South Africans?

<p>It systematically marginalized and denied non-whites basic rights and freedoms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the apartheid laws on the political process?

<p>It disenfranchised non-whites and excluded them from the political process (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the apartheid laws on cultural exchange and growth?

<p>It stifled cultural exchange and growth by legally enforcing cultural separateness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Reservation of Separate Amenities Act (1953)?

<p>To mandate racially separate public facilities such as beaches, buses, hospitals, schools, and parks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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