Gr 11 History Ch 5 SUM: Apartheid South Africa

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Which region in the United States was heavily influenced by the legacy of slavery?

Western United States

Midwestern United States

Southern United States (correct)

Northeastern United States

What was the primary goal of the Ku Klux Klan during the 1920s and 1930s?

Advocating for women's rights

Promoting racial equality

Maintaining white racial dominance through intimidation and terror (correct)

Supporting the eugenics movement

What was the eugenics movement primarily concerned with?

Improving the genetic quality of the human population through selective breeding (correct)

Promoting religious tolerance

Improving education for minorities

Advocating for labor rights

In which European countries did the eugenics movement lead to forced sterilization?

Denmark, Switzerland, Germany, Norway, and Sweden Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary ideology behind the eugenics movement?

Racial hierarchy Signup and view all the answers

In Germany, what was the primary goal of scientific racism?

Categorizing humans into racial hierarchies Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of Jim Crow laws on African Americans?

They were denied the right to vote and use public facilities Signup and view all the answers

What was the main consequence of the eugenics movement in Europe?

Forced sterilization of individuals deemed 'defective' Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of apartheid in South Africa?

To maintain white supremacy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was a key feature of apartheid?

Residential segregation Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the 1948 National Party victory in South Africa?

The institutionalization of racism Signup and view all the answers

Which commission recommended formalized and entrenched segregation?

Sauer Commission Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the electoral boundary manipulation in 1948?

Disproportionate representation of rural constituencies Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of apartheid on the economy?

Economic disparities that disadvantaged non-whites Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the National Party's campaign in 1948?

The establishment of apartheid Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of apartheid on international relations?

International isolation and condemnation Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the Fagan Commission's recommendation?

Limited integration and economic cooperation Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the struggle against apartheid?

The end of apartheid in 1994 Signup and view all the answers

What was the main purpose of the Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act (1949)?

To socially engineer racial boundaries and enforce racial purity concepts Signup and view all the answers

What was criminalized by the Immorality Amendment Act (1950)?

Sexual relations between whites and non-whites Signup and view all the answers

What was mandated by the Population Registration Act (1950)?

Classification of all South Africans by race Signup and view all the answers

What was the main purpose of the Group Areas Act (1950)?

To segregate residential areas by race Signup and view all the answers

What was mandated by the Reservation of Separate Amenities Act (1953)?

Racially separate public facilities Signup and view all the answers

What was established by the Bantu Education Act (1953)?

A separate and inferior educational system for African students Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the apartheid laws?

Social stratification and economic disparities Signup and view all the answers

What was a result of the apartheid legislation?

Domestic resistance and civil rights movements Signup and view all the answers

What was a long-term effect of the apartheid laws?

Lasting social and economic effects Signup and view all the answers

What is a major aspect of the apartheid legislation?

Institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the arrest and imprisonment of key leaders like Mandela and Sobukwe?

It weakened organizational leadership Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Rivonia Trial?

Eight defendants were found guilty and sentenced to life imprisonment Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Rivonia Trial on the ANC?

It led to significant disorganization within the ANC's ranks Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the imprisonment of anti-apartheid leaders?

It increased international pressure on the South African government Signup and view all the answers

What was the economic impact of the Rivonia Trial?

It strengthened the National Party's grip on power Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Rivonia Trial?

It was a symbol of the struggle for freedom and justice in South Africa Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Rivonia Trial on the international community?

It increased international pressure on the South African government Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the apartheid government's strengthening of repressive policies?

It led to a decrease in dissent Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Sharpeville Massacre on the anti-apartheid movement?

It marked a drastic change in the tactics of the anti-apartheid movement Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of international support and training on the anti-apartheid movement?

It marked the beginning of a more proactive and global approach to combating apartheid Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of Australia's White Australia Policy?

Maintaining a homogeneous white society Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the 1913 Land Act in South Africa?

The majority of the country's land was reserved for white ownership and use Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Native Urban Areas Act of 1923?

To designate urban areas as 'white' spaces Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of JBM Hertzog's policies in the 1920s?

Segregation was further entrenched Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Great Depression on racial tensions in South Africa?

Racial tensions increased Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Native Economic Commission established in 1932?

To recommend that black people remain in rural reserves Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the National Party's victory in the 1948 elections?

Apartheid was formally instituted Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the White Australia Policy's assimilation of mixed-descent children?

To 'breed out' their Indigenous heritage Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Industrial Conciliation Act of 1924?

White labor rights were safeguarded Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Mines and Works Amendment Act of 1926?

To reinforce the colour bar in the mining industry Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Population Registration Act of 1950?

To classify the population by racial categories Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following acts segregated educational systems and curtailed the quality of education for non-whites?

Bantu Education Act Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the All African Convention (AAC) in 1935?

To discuss strategies for collective action against discriminatory policies Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of Dr. AB Xuma's leadership in the 1940s?

He marked a shift towards a more dynamic approach in the ANC Signup and view all the answers

What was the main objective of Mahatma Gandhi's satyagraha campaign?

To encourage non-violent resistance against unjust laws Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the ANC Youth League (ANCYL) established in 1944?

To advocate for more radical measures against apartheid Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary strategy of the South African Native National Congress (SANNC) during its early years?

Persuasion through delegations and petitions Signup and view all the answers

What was the main consequence of the Group Areas Act of 1950?

Forced separation of communities by race Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Defiance Campaign in 1952?

The leaders received suspended prison sentences and additional restrictions Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Public Safety Act (1953) and the Criminal Law Amendment Act (1953)?

To allow the government to declare a state of emergency and impose severe penalties for protests Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Immorality Amendment Act of 1950?

To promote racial purity Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Reservation of Separate Amenities Act of 1953?

Institutionalization of inequality in public facilities Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the Bantu Authorities Act (1951)?

Widespread discontent among the rural population due to the centralization of control Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Workers' Party of South Africa during the 1930s?

To promote democratic reforms Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Promotion of Bantu Self-Government Act (1959)?

To segregate ethnic groups and dilute African nationalism Signup and view all the answers

What was the main consequence of the Native Resettlement Act of 1954 and the Native (Urban Areas) Amendment Act of 1955?

Breakup of families and communities Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the apartheid government's response to the Defiance Campaign?

Many activists were forced underground Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Defiance Campaign in 1952?

It significantly raised the political profile of the ANC Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary characteristic of internal resistance to apartheid in South Africa before 1960?

Non-violent actions and persuasive tactics Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the early forms of resistance against apartheid?

The setting of the stage for more intensive anti-apartheid activities Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the apartheid government's reaction to the Congress of the People and the adoption of the Freedom Charter?

The resistance movement was weakened, and the apartheid government intensified its policies. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the lengthy Treason Trial?

The activists were acquitted after five years, leading to increased international attention to the resistance efforts. Signup and view all the answers

How did the Sharpeville Massacre influence the anti-apartheid struggle?

It marked a significant turning point, catalyzing a shift from non-violent protest to armed resistance. Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the police firing on unarmed protesters at the Sharpeville Massacre?

It incited widespread outrage among the black population and led to increased protests across the country. Signup and view all the answers

What was the government's response to the growing unrest following the Sharpeville Massacre?

The government declared a state of emergency in 122 districts, detaining thousands of people, including key resistance leaders and activists. Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the government's refusal to convene a national convention for drafting a new constitution?

The ANC and PAC decided to form military wings, marking a shift from non-violent resistance to armed struggle. Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the Unlawful Organizations Act of 1960?

The ANC and PAC were banned under this act, significantly hampering their ability to organize and coordinate resistance. Signup and view all the answers

What was the United Nations' response to the Sharpeville Massacre?

The UN Security Council adopted Resolution 134, condemning the massacre and calling on South Africa to abandon apartheid and treat all citizens equally. Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the international community's reaction to the Sharpeville Massacre?

South Africa's diplomatic isolation accelerated, affecting its international relations and economic situation. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the formation of military wings by the ANC and PAC?

The military wings initially focused on sabotage and other forms of armed protest. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the 1948 electoral victory of the National Party in South Africa?

The party institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Sharpeville Massacre in 1960?

It garnered widespread international media attention and shifted global public opinion against the South African government. Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights on the apartheid system?

It underscored the rights and freedoms that apartheid explicitly denied. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Rivonia Trial?

The trial marked a significant escalation in the anti-apartheid struggle. Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of apartheid on the global community?

It led to international condemnation and isolation of South Africa. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of Nelson Mandela's speech during the trial?

It became a defining moment in the fight against apartheid. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the international community's actions against apartheid?

The actions led to increased diplomatic isolation of South Africa. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the term 'apartheid'?

It became an internationally recognized term for racial segregation and discrimination. Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the post-World War II era on the apartheid system?

It led to a greater recognition of human rights, which contradicted the apartheid system. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the cultural and sports boycotts against South Africa?

The boycotts led to international isolation of South Africa. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of Australia's White Australia Policy?

To maintain a homogeneous white society Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the 1913 Land Act in South Africa?

It restricted black land ownership to certain designated areas Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Native Urban Areas Act of 1923 in South Africa?

To restrict black movement and residence in urban areas Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of JBM Hertzog's policies in the 1920s in South Africa?

They entrenched segregation and protected white economic interests Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the Great Depression on racial tensions in South Africa?

It led to increased migration of people into urban areas, intensifying racial tensions Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Native Economic Commission established in 1932?

To recommend that black people remain in rural reserves Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the National Party's victory in the 1948 elections in South Africa?

The formal institution of apartheid Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the forced removal of Aboriginal children from their families in Australia?

To breed out their Indigenous heritage Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Industrial Conciliation Act of 1924 in South Africa?

It legalized white-only trade unions Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Wages Act of 1925 in South Africa?

To mandate preferential employment of whites Signup and view all the answers

What was the main goal of apartheid in South Africa?

To maintain white supremacy and control over non-whites Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the 1948 National Party victory in South Africa?

The institutionalization of racism and apartheid Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of the Sauer Commission?

To recommend complete segregation and apartheid Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of apartheid on the economy?

It favored whites and ensured economic disparities that disadvantaged non-whites Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the electoral boundary manipulation in 1948?

It disproportionately favored rural constituencies over urban areas Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of apartheid on international relations?

It resulted in international isolation and condemnation Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Fagan Commission?

To advocate for limited integration and economic cooperation between races Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the resistance and struggle against apartheid?

The abolition of apartheid in 1994 Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary feature of residential segregation under apartheid?

Separate areas for different racial groups with blacks forced into reserves or townships Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the National Party's campaign in 1948?

The victory of the National Party and the institutionalization of apartheid Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act (1949)?

To promote racial purity Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the apartheid laws?

The institutionalization of racial segregation and discrimination Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Population Registration Act (1950)?

To classify all South Africans by race Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Group Areas Act (1950)?

The segregation of residential areas by race Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Reservation of Separate Amenities Act (1953)?

To establish separate and unequal public facilities by race Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Bantu Education Act (1953)?

To establish a separate and inferior educational system for African students Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the apartheid legislation on the economy?

It facilitated economic inequalities, reserving the best jobs and areas for whites Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the apartheid laws on political power?

Whites maintained political power and control Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the apartheid laws on cultural exchange?

It stifled cultural exchange and promoted racial superiority Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the apartheid laws on international relations?

International condemnation and isolation of the South African government Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Immorality Amendment Act (1950)?

To outlaw sexual relations between whites and non-whites Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Population Registration Act (1950)?

Family separations as members were classified into different racial groups Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Group Areas Act (1950)?

To designate specific residential areas for different races Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Bantu Education Act (1953)?

The limitation of quality education for non-whites Signup and view all the answers

Who developed and implemented the satyagraha campaign of non-violent resistance?

Mahatma Gandhi Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the South African Native National Congress (SANNC)?

To persuade the government through diplomatic efforts and peaceful protests Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Workers' Party and other groups in the 1930s?

To emphasize non-collaboration and boycotts to press their demands Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the apartheid laws?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of apartheid in South Africa?

To promote racial purity through segregation Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Native Resettlement Act (1954) and Native (Urban Areas) Amendment Act (1955)?

The breaking apart of families and communities, contributing to social instability and economic disadvantage Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the government's promotion of ethnic divisions?

Many urbanized blacks opposed the traditional leadership system. Signup and view all the answers

What did Nelson Mandela and other resistance leaders seek in their fight against apartheid?

International support and training Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Rivonia Trial?

Eight defendants were sentenced to life imprisonment Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Treason Trial?

The resistance movements were temporarily weakened. Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the Sharpeville Massacre?

The resistance movements shifted to armed struggle. Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Rivonia Trial on the ANC?

The ANC's leadership was weakened, and its strategies were reorganized Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the government's declaration of a state of emergency?

Thousands of people, including key resistance leaders, were detained. Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the apartheid government's strengthening of repressive policies?

The policies led to more stringent enforcement of apartheid laws Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Sharpeville Massacre?

It catalyzed a series of events that contributed to the downfall of apartheid Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the Unlawful Organizations Act of 1960?

The African National Congress and the Pan Africanist Congress were weakened. Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of international support and training on the anti-apartheid movement?

It strengthened the movement and marked a more proactive approach Signup and view all the answers

What was the international response to the Sharpeville Massacre?

The United Nations condemned the massacre and called for equality. Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the formation of Umkhonto we Sizwe and Poqo?

The resistance movements became more violent. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Rivonia Trial on the international community?

The international community condemned the apartheid regime Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Treason Trials and imprisonment of key leaders?

The leaders were transformed into international symbols of resistance Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the national referendum in 1961?

South Africa became a republic and left the British Commonwealth. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Rivonia Trial on the ANC's external wing?

Oliver Tambo and other key figures fled South Africa to operate in exile Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the international community's reaction to the Sharpeville Massacre?

South Africa's diplomatic isolation increased. Signup and view all the answers

What was the long-term effect of the Rivonia Trial?

The trial became a symbol of the struggle for freedom and justice in South Africa Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the apartheid government's strengthening of repressive policies?

The resistance movements were weakened. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of Nelson Mandela's speech during the Rivonia Trial?

It was a defining moment in the fight against apartheid. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the 1948 election in South Africa?

The National Party institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination. Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Sharpeville Massacre on global public opinion?

It significantly shifted global public opinion against the South African government. Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the international community's actions against apartheid?

South Africa was excluded from international sports and cultural organizations. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Rivonia Trial in the anti-apartheid movement?

It marked a significant escalation in the anti-apartheid struggle. Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of apartheid on the global community?

It led to widespread condemnation and isolation of South Africa. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?

It underscored rights and freedoms that apartheid explicitly denied. Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the National Party's victory in the 1948 election on racial segregation?

Racial segregation was legally enforced and codified. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of Jim Crow laws in the Southern United States?

To enforce racial segregation and disenfranchisement Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the anti-apartheid movement on the global community?

It influenced the global fight against racial segregation and for human rights. Signup and view all the answers

Which group was notorious for violent acts against African Americans, Jews, Catholics, and immigrants?

The Ku Klux Klan Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the international community's condemnation of apartheid?

South Africa was excluded from international organizations. Signup and view all the answers

What was the eugenics movement primarily concerned with in popular culture?

Improving the genetic quality of the human population Signup and view all the answers

In which country did the eugenics movement lead to the sterilization of individuals deemed 'defective'?

Denmark Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of scientific racism in Germany?

To categorize humans into hierarchies of races Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of Jim Crow laws on African Americans?

They were denied voting rights and equal access to public facilities Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the eugenics movement in Europe?

To improve the genetic quality of the human population Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the eugenics movement in Europe?

Forced sterilization of individuals deemed 'defective' occurred Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the All African Convention (AAC) formed in 1935?

To discuss strategies for collective action against discriminatory policies Signup and view all the answers

Who led the ANC in the 1940s and marked a shift towards a more dynamic approach?

Dr. AB Xuma Signup and view all the answers

What was the main objective of the ANC Youth League (ANCYL) established in 1944?

To advocate for more radical measures against apartheid Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Defiance Campaign launched in 1952?

The campaign significantly raised the political profile of the ANC Signup and view all the answers

What was the apartheid government's response to the Defiance Campaign?

They arrested leaders of the Defiance Campaign, including Nelson Mandela Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the apartheid government's response to the Defiance Campaign?

The leaders received suspended prison sentences and additional restrictions Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Public Safety Act (1953) and the Criminal Law Amendment Act (1953)?

To allow the government to declare a state of emergency and impose severe penalties for protests Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the Public Safety Act (1953) and the Criminal Law Amendment Act (1953)?

Many activists were forced underground, and the state gained extensive powers of arrest Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Bantu Authorities Act (1951)?

To increase government control over rural areas Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the Bantu Authorities Act (1951)?

Widespread discontent among the rural population Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act (1949)?

To prohibit marriages between whites and people of other races Signup and view all the answers

What was the main consequence of the apartheid laws?

Institutionalizing racial segregation and discrimination Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Group Areas Act (1950)?

To segregate residential areas by race Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the apartheid legislation?

Entrenching racial segregation and discrimination Signup and view all the answers

What was mandated by the Population Registration Act (1950)?

The classification of all South Africans by race Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Bantu Education Act (1953)?

To establish a separate education system for African students Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the apartheid laws on non-white South Africans?

They were systematically marginalized and denied basic rights and freedoms Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the All African Convention (AAC) in 1935?

To unify African resistance against discriminatory policies Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the apartheid legislation on the economy?

Facilitating economic disparities and restrictions Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Reservation of Separate Amenities Act (1953)?

To segregate public facilities by race Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Defiance Campaign Trial in 1952?

The leaders received suspended prison sentences and banning orders Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Public Safety Act of 1953?

To allow the government to declare a state of emergency Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the apartheid laws on international relations?

Leading to international sanctions and isolation Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the apartheid government's response to resistance movements?

The resistance movements became more radical Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Immorality Amendment Act (1950)?

To maintain racial purity Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Bantu Authorities Act of 1951?

To increase government control over rural areas Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the ANCYL's advocacy for more radical measures?

The ANC's strategy against apartheid was revitalized Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the Population Registration Act (1950)?

Racial classification and segregation Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of Mahatma Gandhi's satyagraha campaign?

Non-violent resistance and defiance of unjust laws Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Promotion of Bantu Self-Government Act of 1959?

To segregate ethnic groups and dilute African nationalism Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the apartheid government's response to the Defiance Campaign?

The resistance movements became more radical Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary strategy of the South African Native National Congress (SANNC) in its early years?

Persuasion through delegations and petitions Signup and view all the answers

What was the main consequence of the apartheid laws?

Social instability, poverty, and inequality Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of Dr. AB Xuma's leadership in the 1940s?

The ANC's strategy against apartheid was revitalized Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the apartheid government's response to rural dissent?

The rural population became more discontent Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Group Areas Act (1950)?

To designate specific residential areas for different races Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Bantu Education Act (1953)?

To segregate educational systems and limit the quality of education for non-whites Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Native Resettlement Act (1954) and Native (Urban Areas) Amendment Act (1955)?

To relocate black residents to government-created townships Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Reservation of Separate Amenities Act (1953)?

To segregate public facilities and institutionalize inequality Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Extension of University Education Act (1959)?

To segregate educational systems and limit access to quality education Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Rivonia Trial?

Eight of the accused were found guilty and sentenced to life imprisonment Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Rivonia Trial on the ANC?

The trial led to significant disorganization within the ANC Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the apartheid government's strengthening of repressive policies?

More stringent enforcement of apartheid laws led to increased dissent Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of international support and training on the anti-apartheid movement?

The movement gained international momentum Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Sharpeville Massacre?

It catalyzed a series of events that contributed to the downfall of apartheid Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the arrest and imprisonment of key leaders like Mandela and Sobukwe?

They were transformed into international symbols of resistance against apartheid Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Rivonia Trial on the international community?

The international community intensified its condemnation of apartheid Signup and view all the answers

What was the economic impact of the Rivonia Trial?

The economy experienced a boom, strengthening the National Party's grip on power Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Rivonia Trial?

It was a crucial event in South Africa's history, contributing to the downfall of apartheid Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Strengthening of Apartheid Policies?

It resulted in more stringent enforcement of apartheid laws Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary difference between apartheid and segregation in South Africa?

Apartheid involved a comprehensive and rigid application of laws designed to segregate and control every aspect of non-white life Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the 1948 National Party victory in South Africa?

The institutionalization of racial divisions and the entrenchment of apartheid Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Sauer Commission?

To recommend formalized and entrenched segregation, or apartheid Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary motivation behind the Jim Crow laws in the Southern United States?

To maintain white racial dominance and disenfranchise Black Americans Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of apartheid on the economy of South Africa?

It resulted in economic disparities that disadvantaged non-whites significantly Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the electoral boundary manipulation in 1948?

The distribution of electoral boundaries disproportionately favored rural constituencies Signup and view all the answers

Which group was responsible for promoting Anglo-Saxon and Protestant superiority during the 1920s and 1930s?

The Ku Klux Klan Signup and view all the answers

What was the eugenics movement primarily concerned with in popular culture?

Improving genetic quality through selective breeding Signup and view all the answers

What was the main consequence of the resistance and struggle against apartheid?

The eventual end of apartheid in 1994 Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the apartheid policies in South Africa?

To maintain white supremacy and control over non-white South Africans Signup and view all the answers

In which European countries did the eugenics movement lead to forced sterilization?

Denmark, Switzerland, Germany, Norway, and Sweden Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of scientific racism in Germany?

To categorize humans into hierarchies of races Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the 1948 National Party victory in South Africa?

It entrenched racial divisions and led to the institutionalization of apartheid Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the alliance between the National Party and the Afrikaner Party?

The National Party secured a parliamentary majority Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of Jim Crow laws on African Americans?

They were denied the right to vote, use the same public facilities as whites, and live in many of the same neighborhoods Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the influx control laws under apartheid?

To restrict the movement of black people into urban areas Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the eugenics movement in Europe?

To engineer societies through selective breeding and forced sterilization Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Ku Klux Klan on racial tensions in the United States?

It maintained white racial dominance and intimidated African Americans Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of Nelson Mandela's speech during the Rivonia Trial?

It became a defining moment in the fight against apartheid Signup and view all the answers

How did the international community respond to apartheid?

They condemned apartheid through diplomatic isolation and economic sanctions Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Sharpeville Massacre?

It garnered international media attention and shifted global public opinion against the South African government Signup and view all the answers

What did the 1948 National Party victory in South Africa lead to?

The institutionalization of racial segregation and discrimination Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of apartheid on the global stage?

It stood in stark contrast to global movements for human rights and decolonization Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Rivonia Trial on the ANC?

It marked a shift in tactics from non-violent protest to armed struggle Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of international sports and cultural boycotts on South Africa?

They were a key component of broader efforts to isolate the regime Signup and view all the answers

How did the implementation of apartheid fit into the global context?

It stood in stark contrast to global movements for human rights and decolonization Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the apartheid government's strengthening of repressive policies?

It further entrenched racial segregation and discrimination Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the term 'apartheid'?

It became an internationally recognized term and concept Signup and view all the answers

What was the main goal of Australia's White Australia Policy?

To maintain a homogeneous white society Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the 1913 Land Act in South Africa?

It restricted black land ownership to certain designated areas Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Native Urban Areas Act of 1923?

To restrict black Africans' movement and residence in urban areas Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of JBM Hertzog's policies in the 1920s?

They entrenched segregation and protected white economic interests Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the National Party's victory in the 1948 elections?

The formal institution of apartheid Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the forced removal of Aboriginal children from their families in Australia?

To assimilate mixed-descent children into white society Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Native Economic Commission established in 1932?

To recommend that black people remain in rural reserves Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Industrial Conciliation Act of 1924?

It legalized white-only trade unions Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Wages Act of 1925?

To mandate preferential employment of whites Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Mines and Works Amendment Act of 1926?

It reinforced the colour bar in the mining industry Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the apartheid government's reaction to the Congress of the People and the adoption of the Freedom Charter?

Greater electoral support for the National Party and intensified apartheid policies Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Treason Trial that began in 1956?

The acquittals of all 156 activists after five years Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the Sharpeville Massacre in 1960?

A shift from non-violent protest to armed resistance against the apartheid regime Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the Unlawful Organizations Act (1960)?

The banning of the ANC and PAC, significantly hampering their ability to organize and coordinate resistance Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the national referendum among white voters in 1961?

South Africa became a republic and exited the British Commonwealth Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the international community's reaction to the Sharpeville Massacre?

South Africa's diplomatic isolation accelerated Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the formation of military wings by the ANC and PAC?

The adoption of sabotage and other forms of armed protest Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Sharpeville Massacre on the resistance movement?

It catalyzed a shift from predominantly non-violent protest to armed resistance Signup and view all the answers

What was the reaction of the apartheid government to the growing unrest following the Sharpeville Massacre?

It declared a state of emergency and detained thousands of people Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary impact of Jim Crow laws in the Southern United States?

Denying Black Americans the right to vote and use the same public facilities as whites Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Ku Klux Klan during the 1920s and 1930s?

Maintaining white racial dominance through intimidation and terror Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary concern of the eugenics movement in Europe?

Engineering societies by forcibly preventing certain individuals from reproducing Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary ideology behind scientific racism in Germany?

Categorizing humans into hierarchies of races, with Germans as superior Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary impact of the eugenics movement on European societies?

Leading to the forced sterilization of individuals deemed 'defective' Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the eugenics movement in popular culture?

Justifying discriminatory practices against minorities Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary impact of racism and segregation on societies globally?

Leading to widespread discrimination and human rights violations Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary feature of the eugenics movement in Europe?

Forced sterilization of individuals deemed 'defective' Signup and view all the answers

What was the main goal of the White Australia Policy?

To maintain a homogeneous white society Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the 1913 Land Act in South Africa?

To restrict black land ownership to certain designated areas Signup and view all the answers

What was the main impact of the Native Urban Areas Act of 1923?

It restricted black Africans' access to urban areas Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of JBM Hertzog's policies in the 1920s?

To protect the economic interests of the white population Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary consequence of the Great Depression on racial tensions in South Africa?

It intensified racial tensions Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Native Economic Commission established in 1932?

To recommend that black people remain in rural reserves Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the National Party's victory in the 1948 elections?

The formal institution of apartheid Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the assimilation of mixed-descent children in Australia's White Australia Policy?

To 'breed out' their Indigenous heritage Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Industrial Conciliation Act of 1924?

It legalized white-only trade unions Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Mines and Works Amendment Act of 1926?

To restrict black employment opportunities in the mining industry Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Immorality Amendment Act of 1950?

To outlaw sexual relations between whites and non-whites Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Population Registration Act of 1950?

Family separations as members were classified into different racial groups Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Group Areas Act of 1950?

To designate specific residential areas for different races Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Bantu Education Act of 1953?

Ensured a substandard education for non-whites Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of Mahatma Gandhi's satyagraha campaign?

To defy unjust laws through non-violent resistance Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the South African Native National Congress (SANNC)?

To organize peaceful protests against discriminatory policies Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Reservation of Separate Amenities Act of 1953?

Institutionalized inequality with 'separate but unequal' facilities Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Extension of University Education Act of 1959?

Established separate universities for different racial groups Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Workers' Party and other groups in the 1930s?

To call for democratic reforms and emphasize non-collaboration and boycotts Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Native Resettlement Act of 1954 and the Native (Urban Areas) Amendment Act of 1955?

Broke apart families and communities, contributing to social instability and economic disadvantage Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the apartheid government's reaction to the Congress of the People and the adoption of the Freedom Charter?

The resistance movement gained momentum and international attention. Signup and view all the answers

What was the immediate domestic impact of the Sharpeville Massacre?

A state of emergency was declared, and thousands were detained. Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the banning of the ANC and PAC under the Unlawful Organizations Act (1960)?

The organizations' ability to organize and coordinate resistance was significantly hampered. Signup and view all the answers

What was the international consequence of the Sharpeville Massacre?

The United Nations Security Council condemned the massacre and called for apartheid's abolition. Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the apartheid government's strengthening of repressive policies?

International support for the anti-apartheid movement increased. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Rivonia Trial?

Nelson Mandela and other leaders were imprisoned. Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the imprisonment of anti-apartheid leaders?

The anti-apartheid movement gained momentum. Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the international community's reaction to the Sharpeville Massacre?

South Africa's diplomatic isolation increased. Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the formation of military wings by the ANC and PAC?

The anti-apartheid movement shifted from non-violent to armed struggle. Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the national referendum among white voters in 1960?

South Africa became a republic. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Rivonia Trial?

A significant escalation in the anti-apartheid struggle Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the South African government's racial policies?

To institutionalize racial segregation and discrimination Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Sharpeville Massacre in 1960?

It marked a critical turning point in global public opinion against the South African government Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the 1948 National Party victory in South Africa?

The institutionalization of racial segregation and discrimination Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the international community's actions against apartheid?

South Africa became increasingly isolated and condemned Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of apartheid on the global community?

It became an internationally recognized term and concept for racial segregation and discrimination Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of Nelson Mandela's speech during the Rivonia Trial?

It was a defining moment in the fight against apartheid Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the post-World War II era?

A shift towards greater recognition of human rights Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the international sports and cultural boycotts?

South Africa was excluded from international sports and cultural organizations Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the apartheid government's strengthening of repressive policies?

Increased international isolation and condemnation Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act (1949)?

To promote racial purity and socially engineer racial boundaries Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Immorality Amendment Act (1950)?

It led to significant social discord and invasive policing of personal relationships Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the Population Registration Act (1950)?

The classification of all South Africans by race led to the issuance of identity documents specifying racial group Signup and view all the answers

What was the main consequence of the Group Areas Act (1950)?

Non-whites were forcibly relocated to separate and inferior living areas Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Reservation of Separate Amenities Act (1953)?

Racially separate public facilities were mandated, with inferior facilities for non-whites Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Bantu Education Act (1953)?

To prepare African students for lives as laborers and servants, reinforcing a cycle of poverty and limited economic mobility Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the apartheid laws on the economy?

Economic disparities between whites and non-whites increased Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the apartheid laws on political power?

Non-white South Africans were disenfranchised and excluded from the political process Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the apartheid laws on cultural exchange?

Cultural exchange and growth were stifled by legally enforcing cultural separateness Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the apartheid legislation?

The apartheid laws institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the apartheid policy in South Africa?

To maintain white supremacy by controlling the lives of non-white South Africans Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the 1948 National Party victory in South Africa?

The institutionalization of racial segregation and discrimination Signup and view all the answers

What was the major difference between segregation and apartheid?

Segregation involved the physical separation of races, while apartheid involved the legal enforcement of racial segregation Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the electoral boundary manipulation in 1948?

The distribution of electoral boundaries disproportionately favored rural constituencies Signup and view all the answers

What was the Sauer Commission's recommendation?

For formalized and entrenched segregation, or apartheid Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the apartheid policy on the economy?

Economic policies favoring whites and disadvantaging non-whites Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the National Party's campaign in 1948?

The National Party won the election due to their campaign capitalizing on fears of a black uprising and economic competition Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the apartheid policy on international relations?

South Africa became increasingly isolated internationally due to its apartheid policies Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the resistance and struggle against apartheid?

The resistance and struggle led to the end of apartheid in 1994 Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the apartheid legislation?

To legally enforce racial segregation and control every aspect of non-white life Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the All African Convention (AAC) formed in 1935?

To unify African resistance against discriminatory policies. Signup and view all the answers

Who led the ANC in the 1940s, marking a shift towards a more dynamic approach?

Dr. AB Xuma Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Defiance Campaign launched in 1952?

The campaign significantly raised the political profile of the ANC. Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Public Safety Act and the Criminal Law Amendment Act enacted in 1953?

To declare a state of emergency and impose severe penalties for protests. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the apartheid government's response to resistance in rural areas?

The centralization of control helped the government manage rural dissent. Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Promotion of Bantu Self-Government Act established in 1959?

To segregate ethnic groups and dilute African nationalism. Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the apartheid government's reaction to the Defiance Campaign?

The leaders received suspended prison sentences and additional restrictions. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the apartheid government's response to ongoing protests and defiance?

Many activists were forced underground. Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the Black Resistance in Rural Areas?

The centralization of control helped the government manage rural dissent. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the apartheid government's response to resistance against apartheid?

The government's response led to a temporary relaxation of apartheid legislation. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Rivonia Trial in the context of the anti-apartheid struggle?

It transformed the accused into global symbols of resistance against apartheid, catalyzing a global campaign against the regime. Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the arrest and imprisonment of key leaders like Mandela and Sobukwe?

It transformed these figures into international symbols of resistance against apartheid. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the apartheid government's strengthening of repressive policies in the short term?

It led to more stringent enforcement of apartheid laws. Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Sharpeville Massacre on the anti-apartheid movement?

It catalyzed a series of events that eventually contributed to the downfall of apartheid. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the resistance leaders, including Nelson Mandela, in seeking international support and training?

To combat apartheid through a more proactive and global approach. Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the economic boom in South Africa during the 1960s?

It enabled the apartheid regime to push forward with its policy of separate development. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Rivonia Trial on the ANC's leadership?

It led to significant disorganization within the ANC's ranks. Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Rivonia Trial on the international community?

It catalyzed a global campaign against apartheid, significantly increasing international pressure on the South African government. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Rivonia Trial in the context of South African history?

It was a crucial event that contributed to the downfall of apartheid. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Strengthening of Apartheid Policies in the short term?

It led to more stringent enforcement of apartheid laws. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary consequence of the Ku Klux Klan's violent acts?

Heightened racial tensions and human rights violations Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the eugenics movement in Europe?

To improve the genetic quality of the human population Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary outcome of the eugenics movement in Germany?

Forced sterilization of individuals deemed 'defective' Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary impact of Jim Crow laws in the Southern United States?

Denial of basic human rights and disenfranchisement of African Americans Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary ideology behind scientific racism in Germany?

The superiority of the Aryan race Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the eugenics movement in popular culture?

To justify discriminatory practices against minorities Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary outcome of the eugenics movement in the United States?

The promotion of discriminatory practices against minorities Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary consequence of the resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan?

Promotion of racial segregation and discrimination Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary effect of the Immorality Amendment Act (1950) on societal relationships?

Widespread social discord and state surveillance of personal relations Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the Group Areas Act (1950) on communities?

Forced physical separation by race, leading to mass evictions and relocations Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Bantu Education Act (1953)?

To segregate educational systems and curtail the quality of education for non-whites Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the early forms of resistance to apartheid and racial segregation in South Africa?

Non-violent actions and persuasive tactics Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Reservation of Separate Amenities Act (1953) on public services?

Institutionalized inequality with 'separate but unequal' facilities Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of Mahatma Gandhi's satyagraha campaign of non-violent resistance?

To defy unjust laws through non-registration and protest marches Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the SANNC's early actions?

Peaceful protests and diplomatic efforts Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Workers' Party and other groups in the 1930s?

To call for democratic reforms and emphasize non-collaboration and boycotts Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the Population Registration Act (1950) on family relationships?

Caused family separations as members were classified into different racial groups Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Extension of University Education Act (1959)?

To establish separate universities for different racial groups Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the All African Convention (AAC) in 1935?

To unify African resistance against apartheid Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Defiance Campaign Trial in 1952?

The leaders received suspended prison sentences and banning orders Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Public Safety Act of 1953?

To declare a state of emergency and impose severe penalties for protests Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the apartheid government's response to rural resistance?

Increased centralization of control and discontent among rural populations Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Promotion of Bantu Self-Government Act of 1959?

To establish autonomous homelands for ethnic groups Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the apartheid government's response to urban resistance?

Increased repression and restriction of civil liberties Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the ANCYL?

To advocate for more radical measures against apartheid Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the ANC's shift towards more dynamic strategies in the 1940s?

A revitalization of the ANC's strategy against apartheid Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Defiance Campaign?

To deliberately violate apartheid laws and provoke arrest Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the apartheid government's response to resistance movements?

Increased repression and restriction of civil liberties Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the apartheid government's promotion of ethnic divisions on national unity?

Weakening of national unity Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Congress of the People and the adoption of the Freedom Charter in 1955?

Arrest and charge of 156 activists with high treason Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Treason Trial on the Congress Alliance?

Temporary weakening of the alliance Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Sharpeville Massacre?

Escalation of violence and shift to armed resistance Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the government's declaration of a state of emergency in 1960?

Detention of thousands of people, including key resistance leaders and activists Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the formation of military wings by the ANC and PAC?

Focus on sabotage and armed protest Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the arrest and imprisonment of key leaders like Mandela and Sobukwe?

It transformed these figures into international symbols of resistance against apartheid. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the UN Security Council's adoption of Resolution 134 in 1960?

Heightened international scrutiny and criticism of South Africa Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Rivonia Trial?

It became a symbol of the struggle for freedom and justice in South Africa. Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Sharpeville Massacre on the anti-apartheid movement?

It marked a drastic change in the tactics of the anti-apartheid movement. Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the apartheid government's use of legislative and judicial means?

Suppression of opposition and solidification of control Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of international support and training for the anti-apartheid movement?

It marked the beginning of a more proactive and global approach to combating apartheid. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the National Referendum in 1960?

Becoming a republic and exiting the British Commonwealth Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Rivonia Trial on the African National Congress?

It led to the reorganization of the ANC and intensified armed struggle. Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the radicalization of the anti-apartheid movement?

Formation of military wings and increased armed struggle Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the apartheid government's strengthening of repressive policies?

It led to more stringent enforcement of apartheid laws. Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Rivonia Trial on the international community?

It catalyzed a global campaign against apartheid, increasing international pressure on the South African government. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the National Party's victory in the 1948 elections?

It marked the beginning of apartheid policies. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of Liliesleaf Farm in the context of the Rivonia Trial?

It was the location of the raid on the Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK), leading to the Rivonia Trial. Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the economic boom in South Africa during the 1960s?

It strengthened the National Party's grip on power. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the 1948 electoral victory of the National Party in South Africa?

The institutionalization of racial segregation and discrimination Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Sharpeville Massacre in the fight against apartheid?

It garnered widespread international media attention and shifted global public opinion against the South African government Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Rivonia Trial on the anti-apartheid movement?

It marked a shift in tactics by the ANC from purely non-violent protest to armed struggle Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the international community's actions against apartheid?

To impose economic sanctions and exclude South Africa from international sports and cultural organizations Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of Nelson Mandela's speech during the Rivonia Trial?

It was a defining moment in the fight against apartheid, as Mandela stated he was prepared to die for the democratic ideal Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the international community's actions against apartheid?

South Africa was increasingly isolated and branded as the 'polecat of the world' Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the term 'apartheid' becoming an internationally recognized concept?

It highlighted the stark contrast between South Africa's racial policies and the global movement towards human rights Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the post-World War II era on the global perception of apartheid?

It highlighted the atrocities of World War II and influenced the recognition of human rights Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the anti-apartheid movement's shift in tactics?

The movement marked a significant escalation in the anti-apartheid struggle Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the international sports and cultural boycotts?

They were part of broader efforts to isolate the regime and included academic, economic, and military sanctions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ideologies was a precursor to Nazi racial policies in the 1930s?

Scientific Racism Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the White Australia Policy's assimilation of mixed-descent children?

To maintain a homogeneous white society Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the 1913 Land Act in South Africa?

It restricted black land ownership to certain designated areas Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Native Urban Areas Act of 1923?

To restrict the influx of black Africans into urban areas Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of JBM Hertzog's policies in the 1920s?

The entrenchment of segregation and economic discrimination Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Great Depression on racial tensions in South Africa?

It intensified racial tensions and led to increased migration Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Native Economic Commission established in 1932?

To recommend that black people remain in rural reserves Signup and view all the answers

How did apartheid policies differ from broader colonial segregation policies?

Apartheid involved a comprehensive and rigid application of laws designed to segregate and control every aspect of non-white life. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the National Party's victory in the 1948 elections?

The formal institution of apartheid Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Industrial Conciliation Act of 1924?

To legalize white-only trade unions Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the 1948 National Party victory in South Africa?

It entrenched racial divisions legally and socially, creating a deeply polarized society. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Sauer Commission?

To recommend formalized and entrenched segregation, arguing it was necessary for the survival of the white race. Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Mines and Works Amendment Act of 1926?

To reinforce the color bar in the lucrative mining industry Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of apartheid on the economy of South Africa?

Apartheid policies favored whites and ensured economic disparities that disadvantaged non-whites significantly. Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the electoral boundary manipulation in 1948?

The distribution of electoral boundaries disproportionately favored rural constituencies, where the National Party had more support. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the National Party's campaign in 1948?

The National Party's campaign capitalized on fears of a black uprising and economic competition, leading to their electoral victory. Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of apartheid on international relations?

South Africa became increasingly isolated internationally due to its apartheid policies, leading to sanctions and global condemnation. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the apartheid legislation?

To maintain white supremacy and control the social, economic, and political lives of non-white South Africans. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the resistance and struggle against apartheid?

The resistance and struggle against apartheid led to the end of apartheid in 1994. Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of apartheid on non-white South Africans?

Apartheid systematically disadvantaged non-white South Africans, limiting their access to education, jobs, and political representation. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary consequence of the apartheid laws on the social structure of South Africa?

It reinforced racial segregation and discrimination. Signup and view all the answers

How did the apartheid laws impact the economic opportunities of non-white South Africans?

They reserved the best jobs and areas for whites. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the apartheid laws on the political power of non-white South Africans?

They were disenfranchised and excluded from the political process. Signup and view all the answers

How did the apartheid laws impact cultural exchange and growth in South Africa?

They stifled cultural exchange and growth. Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the international condemnation of apartheid?

South Africa faced international sanctions and isolation. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Population Registration Act (1950)?

To classify all South Africans by race. Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the Group Areas Act (1950)?

Non-white South Africans were forcibly relocated to inferior areas. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Bantu Education Act (1953)?

African students were prepared for lives as laborers and servants. Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Reservation of Separate Amenities Act (1953)?

Racially separate public facilities were mandated. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the apartheid legislation?

To maintain white supremacy and segregation. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary social issue deeply embedded in the socio-political and economic structures of the 1920s and 1930s globally?

Racism and segregation Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Ku Klux Klan during the 1920s and 1930s?

Maintaining white racial dominance through intimidation and terror Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary concern of the eugenics movement in Europe?

Engineering societies through selective breeding Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary consequence of the Jim Crow laws in the Southern United States?

Denying African Americans the right to vote and use public facilities Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary ideology behind scientific racism in Germany?

Categorizing humans into hierarchical races with Aryan superiority Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of eugenics in popular culture?

Justifying discriminatory practices against minorities Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary consequence of the eugenics movement in Europe?

The forced sterilization of individuals deemed 'defective' Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary impact of racism and segregation on societies globally?

Leading to widespread discrimination and human rights violations Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of Australia's White Australia Policy?

To maintain a homogeneous white society Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the 1913 Land Act in South Africa?

It restricted black land ownership to certain designated areas Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Native Urban Areas Act of 1923?

To restrict black Africans' access to urban areas Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of JBM Hertzog's policies in the 1920s?

They entrenched segregation and protected white economic interests Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the National Party's victory in the 1948 elections?

The formal institution of apartheid Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Industrial Conciliation Act of 1924?

To legalize white-only trade unions Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Mines and Works Amendment Act of 1926?

To reinforce the colour bar in the lucrative mining industry Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Great Depression on racial tensions in South Africa?

It intensified racial tensions and led to increased segregation Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Native Economic Commission established in 1932?

To recommend formalized and entrenched segregation Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the assimilation of mixed-descent children in Australia's White Australia Policy?

To 'breed out' Indigenous Australian heritage Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary mechanism by which the National Party secured a parliamentary majority in the 1948 elections?

A strategic alliance with the Afrikaner Party Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the 1948 National Party victory for non-white South Africans?

Complete disenfranchisement and economic marginalization Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Sauer Commission?

To propose separate development with supposed 'equal opportunities' Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of apartheid on international relations?

South Africa experienced increased isolation and economic sanctions Signup and view all the answers

What was a key feature of apartheid?

Formalized and codified racial segregation and discrimination Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Fagan Commission's recommendation?

The adoption of limited integration and economic cooperation Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the Institutionalization of Racism under apartheid?

Racial divisions were legally entrenched, creating a deeply polarized society Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the National Party's campaign in 1948?

To capitalize on fears of a black uprising and economic competition Signup and view all the answers

What was the economic impact of apartheid on non-white South Africans?

Significant economic disparities that disadvantaged non-whites Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the resistance and struggle against apartheid?

The end of apartheid in 1994 Signup and view all the answers

What was the apartheid government's strategy to weaken national unity?

Promoting ethnic divisions Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the Treason Trial on the resistance movements?

It temporarily weakened the resistance by removing leaders from active participation Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Sharpeville Massacre in 1960?

The massacre marked a significant shift from non-violent protest to armed resistance Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the Unlawful Organizations Act (1960)?

The ANC and PAC were banned, hampering their ability to organize and coordinate resistance Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the United Nations Security Council's response to the Sharpeville Massacre?

The UN Security Council condemned the massacre and called on South Africa to abandon apartheid Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the formation of military wings by the ANC and PAC?

The formation of military wings marked a significant shift from non-violent resistance to armed struggle Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the apartheid government's response to the Sharpeville Massacre?

The government declared a state of emergency in 122 districts, detaining thousands of people Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the national referendum among white voters in 1960?

South Africa became a republic and exited the British Commonwealth Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the international community's reaction to the Sharpeville Massacre?

The international community accelerated South Africa's diplomatic isolation, affecting its international relations and economic situation Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the formation of Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) and Poqo?

The military wings initially focused on sabotage and other forms of armed protest Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of Nelson Mandela's speech during the Rivonia Trial?

It highlighted his willingness to die for the democratic ideal, amplifying international awareness and mobilization against apartheid. Signup and view all the answers

What was the global context in which apartheid became an internationally recognized term?

The post-World War II era, characterized by the recognition of human rights and decolonization. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the 1960 Sharpeville Massacre?

Widespread international media attention and a significant shift in global public opinion against the South African government. Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the international community's actions against apartheid?

South Africa became more isolated and was branded the 'polecat of the world'. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Rivonia Trial in the anti-apartheid struggle?

It marked a significant escalation in the anti-apartheid struggle, profoundly impacting the ANC's tactics and the international community's engagement. Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of apartheid on the global stage?

It stood in stark contrast to global movements for decolonization and civil rights. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the 1948 National Party victory in South Africa?

It institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination, popularizing the term 'apartheid'. Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of international sports and cultural boycotts on South Africa?

They were part of broader efforts to isolate the regime, including academic, economic, and military sanctions. Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the apartheid government's strengthening of repressive policies?

It further entrenched the resolve of anti-apartheid activists. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the term 'apartheid'?

It was a term used to describe the South African government's policy of racial segregation and discrimination. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Rivonia Trial?

The defendants were found guilty and sentenced to life imprisonment. Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Rivonia Trial on the international community?

It led to widespread international condemnation of the apartheid government. Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the apartheid government's strengthening of repressive policies?

It led to increased resistance and protest from the anti-apartheid movement. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Sharpeville Massacre?

It catalyzed a series of events that eventually contributed to the downfall of apartheid. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the treason trials and imprisonment of leaders like Mandela and Sobukwe?

It weakened organizational leadership but also transformed these figures into international symbols of resistance against apartheid. Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of international support and training on the anti-apartheid movement?

It marked the beginning of a more proactive and global approach to combating apartheid. Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the apartheid government's strengthening of repressive policies on the economy?

It led to an economic boom in South Africa that strengthened the National Party's grip on power. Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Rivonia Trial on the ANC's leadership?

It led to significant disorganization within the ANC's ranks. Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the imprisonment of anti-apartheid leaders?

It led to increased international pressure on the apartheid government. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Rivonia Trial?

It was a major trial that marked a turning point in the struggle against apartheid. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary consequence of the Classification of the population by racial categories under the Population Registration Act (1950)?

The institutionalization of racial segregation and inequality Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the African National Congress (ANC) during the early 20th century?

To use diplomatic efforts and peaceful protests against discriminatory policies Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the arrest and imprisonment of key leaders like Mandela and Sobukwe?

The strengthening of the apartheid government's repressive policies Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Reservation of Separate Amenities Act (1953)?

To institutionalize inequality with 'separate but unequal' facilities Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Immorality Amendment Act (1950) on South African society?

It led to widespread social discord and state surveillance of personal relations Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of Mahatma Gandhi's satyagraha campaign in South Africa?

To defy unjust laws through non-violent resistance Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Fagan Commission's recommendation?

The formalized and entrenched segregation of racial groups Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary consequence of the Bantu Education Act (1953)?

The segregation of educational systems and curtailment of quality education for non-whites Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Group Areas Act (1950)?

To designate specific residential areas for different racial groups Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Rivonia Trial?

The imprisonment of key leaders like Mandela and Sobukwe Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the All African Convention (AAC) formed in 1935?

To unify African resistance against discriminatory policies Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Defiance Campaign, which started in 1952?

It significantly raised the political profile of the ANC and laid the groundwork for future resistance Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the apartheid government's reaction to the Defiance Campaign?

The government relaxed its apartheid laws Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Public Safety Act (1953) and the Criminal Law Amendment Act (1953)?

To declare a state of emergency and impose severe penalties for protests Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the apartheid government's introduction of the Bantu Authorities Act (1951)?

The government gained extensive control over rural areas Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Promotion of Bantu Self-Government Act (1959)?

To segregate ethnic groups and dilute African nationalism Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the apartheid government's response to resistance against apartheid?

The government gained extensive powers of arrest and control Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Defiance Campaign in the struggle against apartheid?

It laid the groundwork for future national and international resistance to apartheid Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the ANC Youth League's (ANCYL) advocacy for more radical measures?

The ANCYL's advocacy led to a revitalization of the ANC's strategy against apartheid Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the apartheid government's strengthening of repressive policies?

Many activists were forced underground Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary consequence of the apartheid laws on South African society?

It created a deeply divided society where non-whites were systematically marginalized and denied basic rights and freedoms Signup and view all the answers

What was the main purpose of the Group Areas Act (1950)?

To segregate residential areas by race and forcibly relocate non-white South Africans to specific areas Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the apartheid legislation on the international community?

It resulted in international sanctions and isolation, contributing to the system's eventual downfall Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Bantu Education Act (1953)?

To establish a separate and inferior educational system for African students Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the apartheid laws on the economy?

It facilitated economic inequalities by reserving the best jobs, areas, and educational opportunities for whites Signup and view all the answers

What was the main purpose of the Population Registration Act (1950)?

To classify all South Africans by race and issue identity documents specifying racial group Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the apartheid laws on non-white South Africans?

It systematically marginalized and denied non-whites basic rights and freedoms Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the apartheid laws on the political process?

It disenfranchised non-whites and excluded them from the political process Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the apartheid laws on cultural exchange and growth?

It stifled cultural exchange and growth by legally enforcing cultural separateness Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Reservation of Separate Amenities Act (1953)?

To mandate racially separate public facilities such as beaches, buses, hospitals, schools, and parks Signup and view all the answers

Gr 11 History Ch 5 SUM: Apartheid South Africa

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Questions and Answers

Which region in the United States was heavily influenced by the legacy of slavery?

What was the primary goal of the Ku Klux Klan during the 1920s and 1930s?

What was the eugenics movement primarily concerned with?

In which European countries did the eugenics movement lead to forced sterilization?

What was the primary ideology behind the eugenics movement?

In Germany, what was the primary goal of scientific racism?

What was the impact of Jim Crow laws on African Americans?

What was the main consequence of the eugenics movement in Europe?

What was the primary goal of apartheid in South Africa?

Which of the following was a key feature of apartheid?

What was the result of the 1948 National Party victory in South Africa?

Which commission recommended formalized and entrenched segregation?

What was the result of the electoral boundary manipulation in 1948?

What was the impact of apartheid on the economy?

What was the outcome of the National Party's campaign in 1948?

What was the impact of apartheid on international relations?

What was the result of the Fagan Commission's recommendation?

What was the outcome of the struggle against apartheid?

What was the main purpose of the Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act (1949)?

What was criminalized by the Immorality Amendment Act (1950)?

What was mandated by the Population Registration Act (1950)?

What was the main purpose of the Group Areas Act (1950)?

What was mandated by the Reservation of Separate Amenities Act (1953)?

What was established by the Bantu Education Act (1953)?

What was a consequence of the apartheid laws?

What was a result of the apartheid legislation?

What was a long-term effect of the apartheid laws?

What is a major aspect of the apartheid legislation?

What was the consequence of the arrest and imprisonment of key leaders like Mandela and Sobukwe?

What was the outcome of the Rivonia Trial?

What was the impact of the Rivonia Trial on the ANC?

What was the consequence of the imprisonment of anti-apartheid leaders?

What was the economic impact of the Rivonia Trial?

What was the significance of the Rivonia Trial?

What was the impact of the Rivonia Trial on the international community?

What was the consequence of the apartheid government's strengthening of repressive policies?

What was the impact of the Sharpeville Massacre on the anti-apartheid movement?

What was the impact of international support and training on the anti-apartheid movement?

What was the primary goal of Australia's White Australia Policy?

What was the outcome of the 1913 Land Act in South Africa?

What was the purpose of the Native Urban Areas Act of 1923?

What was the result of JBM Hertzog's policies in the 1920s?

What was the impact of the Great Depression on racial tensions in South Africa?

What was the purpose of the Native Economic Commission established in 1932?

What was the outcome of the National Party's victory in the 1948 elections?

What was the primary goal of the White Australia Policy's assimilation of mixed-descent children?

What was the impact of the Industrial Conciliation Act of 1924?

What was the purpose of the Mines and Works Amendment Act of 1926?

What was the primary purpose of the Population Registration Act of 1950?

Which of the following acts segregated educational systems and curtailed the quality of education for non-whites?

What was the primary goal of the All African Convention (AAC) in 1935?

What was the significance of Dr. AB Xuma's leadership in the 1940s?

What was the main objective of Mahatma Gandhi's satyagraha campaign?

What was the primary goal of the ANC Youth League (ANCYL) established in 1944?

What was the primary strategy of the South African Native National Congress (SANNC) during its early years?

What was the main consequence of the Group Areas Act of 1950?

What was the outcome of the Defiance Campaign in 1952?

What was the purpose of the Public Safety Act (1953) and the Criminal Law Amendment Act (1953)?

What was the primary goal of the Immorality Amendment Act of 1950?

What was the impact of the Reservation of Separate Amenities Act of 1953?

What was the result of the Bantu Authorities Act (1951)?

What was the primary goal of the Workers' Party of South Africa during the 1930s?

What was the purpose of the Promotion of Bantu Self-Government Act (1959)?

What was the main consequence of the Native Resettlement Act of 1954 and the Native (Urban Areas) Amendment Act of 1955?

What was the consequence of the apartheid government's response to the Defiance Campaign?

What was the significance of the Defiance Campaign in 1952?

What was the primary characteristic of internal resistance to apartheid in South Africa before 1960?

What was the outcome of the early forms of resistance against apartheid?

What was the result of the apartheid government's reaction to the Congress of the People and the adoption of the Freedom Charter?

What was the outcome of the lengthy Treason Trial?

How did the Sharpeville Massacre influence the anti-apartheid struggle?

What was the consequence of the police firing on unarmed protesters at the Sharpeville Massacre?

What was the government's response to the growing unrest following the Sharpeville Massacre?

What was the consequence of the government's refusal to convene a national convention for drafting a new constitution?

What was the consequence of the Unlawful Organizations Act of 1960?

What was the United Nations' response to the Sharpeville Massacre?

What was the consequence of the international community's reaction to the Sharpeville Massacre?