Gr 11 History Ch 5 SUM: Apartheid South Africa
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Questions and Answers

Which region in the United States was heavily influenced by the legacy of slavery?

  • Western United States
  • Midwestern United States
  • Southern United States (correct)
  • Northeastern United States

    • What was the primary goal of the Ku Klux Klan during the 1920s and 1930s?

  • Advocating for women's rights
  • Promoting racial equality
  • Maintaining white racial dominance through intimidation and terror (correct)
  • Supporting the eugenics movement

    • What was the eugenics movement primarily concerned with?

  • Improving the genetic quality of the human population through selective breeding (correct)
  • Promoting religious tolerance
  • Improving education for minorities
  • Advocating for labor rights

    • In which European countries did the eugenics movement lead to forced sterilization?

    <p>Denmark, Switzerland, Germany, Norway, and Sweden</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary ideology behind the eugenics movement?

    <p>Racial hierarchy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Germany, what was the primary goal of scientific racism?

    <p>Categorizing humans into racial hierarchies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of Jim Crow laws on African Americans?

    <p>They were denied the right to vote and use public facilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main consequence of the eugenics movement in Europe?

    <p>Forced sterilization of individuals deemed 'defective'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of apartheid in South Africa?

    <p>To maintain white supremacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was a key feature of apartheid?

    <p>Residential segregation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of the 1948 National Party victory in South Africa?

    <p>The institutionalization of racism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which commission recommended formalized and entrenched segregation?

    <p>Sauer Commission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of the electoral boundary manipulation in 1948?

    <p>Disproportionate representation of rural constituencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of apartheid on the economy?

    <p>Economic disparities that disadvantaged non-whites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the National Party's campaign in 1948?

    <p>The establishment of apartheid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of apartheid on international relations?

    <p>International isolation and condemnation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of the Fagan Commission's recommendation?

    <p>Limited integration and economic cooperation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the struggle against apartheid?

    <p>The end of apartheid in 1994</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main purpose of the Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act (1949)?

    <p>To socially engineer racial boundaries and enforce racial purity concepts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was criminalized by the Immorality Amendment Act (1950)?

    <p>Sexual relations between whites and non-whites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was mandated by the Population Registration Act (1950)?

    <p>Classification of all South Africans by race</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main purpose of the Group Areas Act (1950)?

    <p>To segregate residential areas by race</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was mandated by the Reservation of Separate Amenities Act (1953)?

    <p>Racially separate public facilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was established by the Bantu Education Act (1953)?

    <p>A separate and inferior educational system for African students</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a consequence of the apartheid laws?

    <p>Social stratification and economic disparities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a result of the apartheid legislation?

    <p>Domestic resistance and civil rights movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a long-term effect of the apartheid laws?

    <p>Lasting social and economic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major aspect of the apartheid legislation?

    <p>Institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the arrest and imprisonment of key leaders like Mandela and Sobukwe?

    <p>It weakened organizational leadership</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Rivonia Trial?

    <p>Eight defendants were found guilty and sentenced to life imprisonment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the Rivonia Trial on the ANC?

    <p>It led to significant disorganization within the ANC's ranks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the imprisonment of anti-apartheid leaders?

    <p>It increased international pressure on the South African government</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the economic impact of the Rivonia Trial?

    <p>It strengthened the National Party's grip on power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Rivonia Trial?

    <p>It was a symbol of the struggle for freedom and justice in South Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the Rivonia Trial on the international community?

    <p>It increased international pressure on the South African government</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the apartheid government's strengthening of repressive policies?

    <p>It led to a decrease in dissent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the Sharpeville Massacre on the anti-apartheid movement?

    <p>It marked a drastic change in the tactics of the anti-apartheid movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of international support and training on the anti-apartheid movement?

    <p>It marked the beginning of a more proactive and global approach to combating apartheid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of Australia's White Australia Policy?

    <p>Maintaining a homogeneous white society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the 1913 Land Act in South Africa?

    <p>The majority of the country's land was reserved for white ownership and use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the Native Urban Areas Act of 1923?

    <p>To designate urban areas as 'white' spaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of JBM Hertzog's policies in the 1920s?

    <p>Segregation was further entrenched</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the Great Depression on racial tensions in South Africa?

    <p>Racial tensions increased</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the Native Economic Commission established in 1932?

    <p>To recommend that black people remain in rural reserves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the National Party's victory in the 1948 elections?

    <p>Apartheid was formally instituted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the White Australia Policy's assimilation of mixed-descent children?

    <p>To 'breed out' their Indigenous heritage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the Industrial Conciliation Act of 1924?

    <p>White labor rights were safeguarded</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the Mines and Works Amendment Act of 1926?

    <p>To reinforce the colour bar in the mining industry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of the Population Registration Act of 1950?

    <p>To classify the population by racial categories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following acts segregated educational systems and curtailed the quality of education for non-whites?

    <p>Bantu Education Act</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the All African Convention (AAC) in 1935?

    <p>To discuss strategies for collective action against discriminatory policies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of Dr. AB Xuma's leadership in the 1940s?

    <p>He marked a shift towards a more dynamic approach in the ANC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main objective of Mahatma Gandhi's satyagraha campaign?

    <p>To encourage non-violent resistance against unjust laws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the ANC Youth League (ANCYL) established in 1944?

    <p>To advocate for more radical measures against apartheid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary strategy of the South African Native National Congress (SANNC) during its early years?

    <p>Persuasion through delegations and petitions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main consequence of the Group Areas Act of 1950?

    <p>Forced separation of communities by race</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Defiance Campaign in 1952?

    <p>The leaders received suspended prison sentences and additional restrictions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the Public Safety Act (1953) and the Criminal Law Amendment Act (1953)?

    <p>To allow the government to declare a state of emergency and impose severe penalties for protests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the Immorality Amendment Act of 1950?

    <p>To promote racial purity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the Reservation of Separate Amenities Act of 1953?

    <p>Institutionalization of inequality in public facilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of the Bantu Authorities Act (1951)?

    <p>Widespread discontent among the rural population due to the centralization of control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the Workers' Party of South Africa during the 1930s?

    <p>To promote democratic reforms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the Promotion of Bantu Self-Government Act (1959)?

    <p>To segregate ethnic groups and dilute African nationalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main consequence of the Native Resettlement Act of 1954 and the Native (Urban Areas) Amendment Act of 1955?

    <p>Breakup of families and communities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the apartheid government's response to the Defiance Campaign?

    <p>Many activists were forced underground</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Defiance Campaign in 1952?

    <p>It significantly raised the political profile of the ANC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary characteristic of internal resistance to apartheid in South Africa before 1960?

    <p>Non-violent actions and persuasive tactics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the early forms of resistance against apartheid?

    <p>The setting of the stage for more intensive anti-apartheid activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of the apartheid government's reaction to the Congress of the People and the adoption of the Freedom Charter?

    <p>The resistance movement was weakened, and the apartheid government intensified its policies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the lengthy Treason Trial?

    <p>The activists were acquitted after five years, leading to increased international attention to the resistance efforts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the Sharpeville Massacre influence the anti-apartheid struggle?

    <p>It marked a significant turning point, catalyzing a shift from non-violent protest to armed resistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the police firing on unarmed protesters at the Sharpeville Massacre?

    <p>It incited widespread outrage among the black population and led to increased protests across the country.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the government's response to the growing unrest following the Sharpeville Massacre?

    <p>The government declared a state of emergency in 122 districts, detaining thousands of people, including key resistance leaders and activists.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the government's refusal to convene a national convention for drafting a new constitution?

    <p>The ANC and PAC decided to form military wings, marking a shift from non-violent resistance to armed struggle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the Unlawful Organizations Act of 1960?

    <p>The ANC and PAC were banned under this act, significantly hampering their ability to organize and coordinate resistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the United Nations' response to the Sharpeville Massacre?

    <p>The UN Security Council adopted Resolution 134, condemning the massacre and calling on South Africa to abandon apartheid and treat all citizens equally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the international community's reaction to the Sharpeville Massacre?

    <p>South Africa's diplomatic isolation accelerated, affecting its international relations and economic situation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the formation of military wings by the ANC and PAC?

    <p>The military wings initially focused on sabotage and other forms of armed protest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the 1948 electoral victory of the National Party in South Africa?

    <p>The party institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Sharpeville Massacre in 1960?

    <p>It garnered widespread international media attention and shifted global public opinion against the South African government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights on the apartheid system?

    <p>It underscored the rights and freedoms that apartheid explicitly denied.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Rivonia Trial?

    <p>The trial marked a significant escalation in the anti-apartheid struggle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of apartheid on the global community?

    <p>It led to international condemnation and isolation of South Africa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of Nelson Mandela's speech during the trial?

    <p>It became a defining moment in the fight against apartheid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the international community's actions against apartheid?

    <p>The actions led to increased diplomatic isolation of South Africa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the term 'apartheid'?

    <p>It became an internationally recognized term for racial segregation and discrimination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the post-World War II era on the apartheid system?

    <p>It led to a greater recognition of human rights, which contradicted the apartheid system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the cultural and sports boycotts against South Africa?

    <p>The boycotts led to international isolation of South Africa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of Australia's White Australia Policy?

    <p>To maintain a homogeneous white society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the 1913 Land Act in South Africa?

    <p>It restricted black land ownership to certain designated areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the Native Urban Areas Act of 1923 in South Africa?

    <p>To restrict black movement and residence in urban areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of JBM Hertzog's policies in the 1920s in South Africa?

    <p>They entrenched segregation and protected white economic interests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the Great Depression on racial tensions in South Africa?

    <p>It led to increased migration of people into urban areas, intensifying racial tensions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the Native Economic Commission established in 1932?

    <p>To recommend that black people remain in rural reserves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the National Party's victory in the 1948 elections in South Africa?

    <p>The formal institution of apartheid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the forced removal of Aboriginal children from their families in Australia?

    <p>To breed out their Indigenous heritage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Industrial Conciliation Act of 1924 in South Africa?

    <p>It legalized white-only trade unions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of the Wages Act of 1925 in South Africa?

    <p>To mandate preferential employment of whites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main goal of apartheid in South Africa?

    <p>To maintain white supremacy and control over non-whites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the 1948 National Party victory in South Africa?

    <p>The institutionalization of racism and apartheid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary focus of the Sauer Commission?

    <p>To recommend complete segregation and apartheid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of apartheid on the economy?

    <p>It favored whites and ensured economic disparities that disadvantaged non-whites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the electoral boundary manipulation in 1948?

    <p>It disproportionately favored rural constituencies over urban areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of apartheid on international relations?

    <p>It resulted in international isolation and condemnation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the Fagan Commission?

    <p>To advocate for limited integration and economic cooperation between races</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of the resistance and struggle against apartheid?

    <p>The abolition of apartheid in 1994</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary feature of residential segregation under apartheid?

    <p>Separate areas for different racial groups with blacks forced into reserves or townships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the National Party's campaign in 1948?

    <p>The victory of the National Party and the institutionalization of apartheid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act (1949)?

    <p>To promote racial purity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the apartheid laws?

    <p>The institutionalization of racial segregation and discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the Population Registration Act (1950)?

    <p>To classify all South Africans by race</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the Group Areas Act (1950)?

    <p>The segregation of residential areas by race</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the Reservation of Separate Amenities Act (1953)?

    <p>To establish separate and unequal public facilities by race</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the Bantu Education Act (1953)?

    <p>To establish a separate and inferior educational system for African students</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the apartheid legislation on the economy?

    <p>It facilitated economic inequalities, reserving the best jobs and areas for whites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of the apartheid laws on political power?

    <p>Whites maintained political power and control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the apartheid laws on cultural exchange?

    <p>It stifled cultural exchange and promoted racial superiority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the apartheid laws on international relations?

    <p>International condemnation and isolation of the South African government</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the Immorality Amendment Act (1950)?

    <p>To outlaw sexual relations between whites and non-whites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Population Registration Act (1950)?

    <p>Family separations as members were classified into different racial groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the Group Areas Act (1950)?

    <p>To designate specific residential areas for different races</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Bantu Education Act (1953)?

    <p>The limitation of quality education for non-whites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who developed and implemented the satyagraha campaign of non-violent resistance?

    <p>Mahatma Gandhi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the South African Native National Congress (SANNC)?

    <p>To persuade the government through diplomatic efforts and peaceful protests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the Workers' Party and other groups in the 1930s?

    <p>To emphasize non-collaboration and boycotts to press their demands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the apartheid laws?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of apartheid in South Africa?

    <p>To promote racial purity through segregation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Native Resettlement Act (1954) and Native (Urban Areas) Amendment Act (1955)?

    <p>The breaking apart of families and communities, contributing to social instability and economic disadvantage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the government's promotion of ethnic divisions?

    <p>Many urbanized blacks opposed the traditional leadership system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Nelson Mandela and other resistance leaders seek in their fight against apartheid?

    <p>International support and training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Rivonia Trial?

    <p>Eight defendants were sentenced to life imprisonment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Treason Trial?

    <p>The resistance movements were temporarily weakened.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the Sharpeville Massacre?

    <p>The resistance movements shifted to armed struggle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the Rivonia Trial on the ANC?

    <p>The ANC's leadership was weakened, and its strategies were reorganized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the government's declaration of a state of emergency?

    <p>Thousands of people, including key resistance leaders, were detained.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the apartheid government's strengthening of repressive policies?

    <p>The policies led to more stringent enforcement of apartheid laws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Sharpeville Massacre?

    <p>It catalyzed a series of events that contributed to the downfall of apartheid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the Unlawful Organizations Act of 1960?

    <p>The African National Congress and the Pan Africanist Congress were weakened.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of international support and training on the anti-apartheid movement?

    <p>It strengthened the movement and marked a more proactive approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the international response to the Sharpeville Massacre?

    <p>The United Nations condemned the massacre and called for equality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the formation of Umkhonto we Sizwe and Poqo?

    <p>The resistance movements became more violent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Rivonia Trial on the international community?

    <p>The international community condemned the apartheid regime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the Treason Trials and imprisonment of key leaders?

    <p>The leaders were transformed into international symbols of resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the national referendum in 1961?

    <p>South Africa became a republic and left the British Commonwealth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Rivonia Trial on the ANC's external wing?

    <p>Oliver Tambo and other key figures fled South Africa to operate in exile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the international community's reaction to the Sharpeville Massacre?

    <p>South Africa's diplomatic isolation increased.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the long-term effect of the Rivonia Trial?

    <p>The trial became a symbol of the struggle for freedom and justice in South Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the apartheid government's strengthening of repressive policies?

    <p>The resistance movements were weakened.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of Nelson Mandela's speech during the Rivonia Trial?

    <p>It was a defining moment in the fight against apartheid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the 1948 election in South Africa?

    <p>The National Party institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the Sharpeville Massacre on global public opinion?

    <p>It significantly shifted global public opinion against the South African government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of the international community's actions against apartheid?

    <p>South Africa was excluded from international sports and cultural organizations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Rivonia Trial in the anti-apartheid movement?

    <p>It marked a significant escalation in the anti-apartheid struggle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of apartheid on the global community?

    <p>It led to widespread condemnation and isolation of South Africa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?

    <p>It underscored rights and freedoms that apartheid explicitly denied.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of the National Party's victory in the 1948 election on racial segregation?

    <p>Racial segregation was legally enforced and codified.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of Jim Crow laws in the Southern United States?

    <p>To enforce racial segregation and disenfranchisement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the anti-apartheid movement on the global community?

    <p>It influenced the global fight against racial segregation and for human rights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group was notorious for violent acts against African Americans, Jews, Catholics, and immigrants?

    <p>The Ku Klux Klan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the international community's condemnation of apartheid?

    <p>South Africa was excluded from international organizations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the eugenics movement primarily concerned with in popular culture?

    <p>Improving the genetic quality of the human population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which country did the eugenics movement lead to the sterilization of individuals deemed 'defective'?

    <p>Denmark</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of scientific racism in Germany?

    <p>To categorize humans into hierarchies of races</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of Jim Crow laws on African Americans?

    <p>They were denied voting rights and equal access to public facilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the eugenics movement in Europe?

    <p>To improve the genetic quality of the human population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of the eugenics movement in Europe?

    <p>Forced sterilization of individuals deemed 'defective' occurred</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the All African Convention (AAC) formed in 1935?

    <p>To discuss strategies for collective action against discriminatory policies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who led the ANC in the 1940s and marked a shift towards a more dynamic approach?

    <p>Dr. AB Xuma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main objective of the ANC Youth League (ANCYL) established in 1944?

    <p>To advocate for more radical measures against apartheid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Defiance Campaign launched in 1952?

    <p>The campaign significantly raised the political profile of the ANC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the apartheid government's response to the Defiance Campaign?

    <p>They arrested leaders of the Defiance Campaign, including Nelson Mandela</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the apartheid government's response to the Defiance Campaign?

    <p>The leaders received suspended prison sentences and additional restrictions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the Public Safety Act (1953) and the Criminal Law Amendment Act (1953)?

    <p>To allow the government to declare a state of emergency and impose severe penalties for protests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the Public Safety Act (1953) and the Criminal Law Amendment Act (1953)?

    <p>Many activists were forced underground, and the state gained extensive powers of arrest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the Bantu Authorities Act (1951)?

    <p>To increase government control over rural areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the Bantu Authorities Act (1951)?

    <p>Widespread discontent among the rural population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act (1949)?

    <p>To prohibit marriages between whites and people of other races</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main consequence of the apartheid laws?

    <p>Institutionalizing racial segregation and discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the Group Areas Act (1950)?

    <p>To segregate residential areas by race</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the apartheid legislation?

    <p>Entrenching racial segregation and discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was mandated by the Population Registration Act (1950)?

    <p>The classification of all South Africans by race</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the Bantu Education Act (1953)?

    <p>To establish a separate education system for African students</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the apartheid laws on non-white South Africans?

    <p>They were systematically marginalized and denied basic rights and freedoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the All African Convention (AAC) in 1935?

    <p>To unify African resistance against discriminatory policies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the apartheid legislation on the economy?

    <p>Facilitating economic disparities and restrictions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the Reservation of Separate Amenities Act (1953)?

    <p>To segregate public facilities by race</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Defiance Campaign Trial in 1952?

    <p>The leaders received suspended prison sentences and banning orders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the Public Safety Act of 1953?

    <p>To allow the government to declare a state of emergency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the apartheid laws on international relations?

    <p>Leading to international sanctions and isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of the apartheid government's response to resistance movements?

    <p>The resistance movements became more radical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of the Immorality Amendment Act (1950)?

    <p>To maintain racial purity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the Bantu Authorities Act of 1951?

    <p>To increase government control over rural areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the ANCYL's advocacy for more radical measures?

    <p>The ANC's strategy against apartheid was revitalized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of the Population Registration Act (1950)?

    <p>Racial classification and segregation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of Mahatma Gandhi's satyagraha campaign?

    <p>Non-violent resistance and defiance of unjust laws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the Promotion of Bantu Self-Government Act of 1959?

    <p>To segregate ethnic groups and dilute African nationalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the apartheid government's response to the Defiance Campaign?

    <p>The resistance movements became more radical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary strategy of the South African Native National Congress (SANNC) in its early years?

    <p>Persuasion through delegations and petitions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main consequence of the apartheid laws?

    <p>Social instability, poverty, and inequality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of Dr. AB Xuma's leadership in the 1940s?

    <p>The ANC's strategy against apartheid was revitalized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the apartheid government's response to rural dissent?

    <p>The rural population became more discontent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the Group Areas Act (1950)?

    <p>To designate specific residential areas for different races</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of the Bantu Education Act (1953)?

    <p>To segregate educational systems and limit the quality of education for non-whites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the Native Resettlement Act (1954) and Native (Urban Areas) Amendment Act (1955)?

    <p>To relocate black residents to government-created townships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the Reservation of Separate Amenities Act (1953)?

    <p>To segregate public facilities and institutionalize inequality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the Extension of University Education Act (1959)?

    <p>To segregate educational systems and limit access to quality education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Rivonia Trial?

    <p>Eight of the accused were found guilty and sentenced to life imprisonment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the Rivonia Trial on the ANC?

    <p>The trial led to significant disorganization within the ANC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the apartheid government's strengthening of repressive policies?

    <p>More stringent enforcement of apartheid laws led to increased dissent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of international support and training on the anti-apartheid movement?

    <p>The movement gained international momentum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Sharpeville Massacre?

    <p>It catalyzed a series of events that contributed to the downfall of apartheid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the arrest and imprisonment of key leaders like Mandela and Sobukwe?

    <p>They were transformed into international symbols of resistance against apartheid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the Rivonia Trial on the international community?

    <p>The international community intensified its condemnation of apartheid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the economic impact of the Rivonia Trial?

    <p>The economy experienced a boom, strengthening the National Party's grip on power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Rivonia Trial?

    <p>It was a crucial event in South Africa's history, contributing to the downfall of apartheid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the Strengthening of Apartheid Policies?

    <p>It resulted in more stringent enforcement of apartheid laws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary difference between apartheid and segregation in South Africa?

    <p>Apartheid involved a comprehensive and rigid application of laws designed to segregate and control every aspect of non-white life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the 1948 National Party victory in South Africa?

    <p>The institutionalization of racial divisions and the entrenchment of apartheid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the Sauer Commission?

    <p>To recommend formalized and entrenched segregation, or apartheid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary motivation behind the Jim Crow laws in the Southern United States?

    <p>To maintain white racial dominance and disenfranchise Black Americans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of apartheid on the economy of South Africa?

    <p>It resulted in economic disparities that disadvantaged non-whites significantly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of the electoral boundary manipulation in 1948?

    <p>The distribution of electoral boundaries disproportionately favored rural constituencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group was responsible for promoting Anglo-Saxon and Protestant superiority during the 1920s and 1930s?

    <p>The Ku Klux Klan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the eugenics movement primarily concerned with in popular culture?

    <p>Improving genetic quality through selective breeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main consequence of the resistance and struggle against apartheid?

    <p>The eventual end of apartheid in 1994</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the apartheid policies in South Africa?

    <p>To maintain white supremacy and control over non-white South Africans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which European countries did the eugenics movement lead to forced sterilization?

    <p>Denmark, Switzerland, Germany, Norway, and Sweden</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of scientific racism in Germany?

    <p>To categorize humans into hierarchies of races</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the 1948 National Party victory in South Africa?

    <p>It entrenched racial divisions and led to the institutionalization of apartheid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of the alliance between the National Party and the Afrikaner Party?

    <p>The National Party secured a parliamentary majority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of Jim Crow laws on African Americans?

    <p>They were denied the right to vote, use the same public facilities as whites, and live in many of the same neighborhoods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of the influx control laws under apartheid?

    <p>To restrict the movement of black people into urban areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the eugenics movement in Europe?

    <p>To engineer societies through selective breeding and forced sterilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the Ku Klux Klan on racial tensions in the United States?

    <p>It maintained white racial dominance and intimidated African Americans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of Nelson Mandela's speech during the Rivonia Trial?

    <p>It became a defining moment in the fight against apartheid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the international community respond to apartheid?

    <p>They condemned apartheid through diplomatic isolation and economic sanctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Sharpeville Massacre?

    <p>It garnered international media attention and shifted global public opinion against the South African government</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the 1948 National Party victory in South Africa lead to?

    <p>The institutionalization of racial segregation and discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of apartheid on the global stage?

    <p>It stood in stark contrast to global movements for human rights and decolonization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Rivonia Trial on the ANC?

    <p>It marked a shift in tactics from non-violent protest to armed struggle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of international sports and cultural boycotts on South Africa?

    <p>They were a key component of broader efforts to isolate the regime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the implementation of apartheid fit into the global context?

    <p>It stood in stark contrast to global movements for human rights and decolonization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the apartheid government's strengthening of repressive policies?

    <p>It further entrenched racial segregation and discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the term 'apartheid'?

    <p>It became an internationally recognized term and concept</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main goal of Australia's White Australia Policy?

    <p>To maintain a homogeneous white society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the 1913 Land Act in South Africa?

    <p>It restricted black land ownership to certain designated areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of the Native Urban Areas Act of 1923?

    <p>To restrict black Africans' movement and residence in urban areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of JBM Hertzog's policies in the 1920s?

    <p>They entrenched segregation and protected white economic interests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the National Party's victory in the 1948 elections?

    <p>The formal institution of apartheid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the forced removal of Aboriginal children from their families in Australia?

    <p>To assimilate mixed-descent children into white society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the Native Economic Commission established in 1932?

    <p>To recommend that black people remain in rural reserves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the Industrial Conciliation Act of 1924?

    <p>It legalized white-only trade unions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the Wages Act of 1925?

    <p>To mandate preferential employment of whites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Mines and Works Amendment Act of 1926?

    <p>It reinforced the colour bar in the mining industry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the apartheid government's reaction to the Congress of the People and the adoption of the Freedom Charter?

    <p>Greater electoral support for the National Party and intensified apartheid policies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Treason Trial that began in 1956?

    <p>The acquittals of all 156 activists after five years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of the Sharpeville Massacre in 1960?

    <p>A shift from non-violent protest to armed resistance against the apartheid regime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the Unlawful Organizations Act (1960)?

    <p>The banning of the ANC and PAC, significantly hampering their ability to organize and coordinate resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of the national referendum among white voters in 1961?

    <p>South Africa became a republic and exited the British Commonwealth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the international community's reaction to the Sharpeville Massacre?

    <p>South Africa's diplomatic isolation accelerated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the formation of military wings by the ANC and PAC?

    <p>The adoption of sabotage and other forms of armed protest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the Sharpeville Massacre on the resistance movement?

    <p>It catalyzed a shift from predominantly non-violent protest to armed resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the reaction of the apartheid government to the growing unrest following the Sharpeville Massacre?

    <p>It declared a state of emergency and detained thousands of people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary impact of Jim Crow laws in the Southern United States?

    <p>Denying Black Americans the right to vote and use the same public facilities as whites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the Ku Klux Klan during the 1920s and 1930s?

    <p>Maintaining white racial dominance through intimidation and terror</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary concern of the eugenics movement in Europe?

    <p>Engineering societies by forcibly preventing certain individuals from reproducing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary ideology behind scientific racism in Germany?

    <p>Categorizing humans into hierarchies of races, with Germans as superior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary impact of the eugenics movement on European societies?

    <p>Leading to the forced sterilization of individuals deemed 'defective'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the eugenics movement in popular culture?

    <p>Justifying discriminatory practices against minorities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary impact of racism and segregation on societies globally?

    <p>Leading to widespread discrimination and human rights violations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary feature of the eugenics movement in Europe?

    <p>Forced sterilization of individuals deemed 'defective'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main goal of the White Australia Policy?

    <p>To maintain a homogeneous white society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of the 1913 Land Act in South Africa?

    <p>To restrict black land ownership to certain designated areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main impact of the Native Urban Areas Act of 1923?

    <p>It restricted black Africans' access to urban areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of JBM Hertzog's policies in the 1920s?

    <p>To protect the economic interests of the white population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary consequence of the Great Depression on racial tensions in South Africa?

    <p>It intensified racial tensions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of the Native Economic Commission established in 1932?

    <p>To recommend that black people remain in rural reserves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the National Party's victory in the 1948 elections?

    <p>The formal institution of apartheid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the assimilation of mixed-descent children in Australia's White Australia Policy?

    <p>To 'breed out' their Indigenous heritage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the Industrial Conciliation Act of 1924?

    <p>It legalized white-only trade unions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of the Mines and Works Amendment Act of 1926?

    <p>To restrict black employment opportunities in the mining industry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the Immorality Amendment Act of 1950?

    <p>To outlaw sexual relations between whites and non-whites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Population Registration Act of 1950?

    <p>Family separations as members were classified into different racial groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of the Group Areas Act of 1950?

    <p>To designate specific residential areas for different races</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the Bantu Education Act of 1953?

    <p>Ensured a substandard education for non-whites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of Mahatma Gandhi's satyagraha campaign?

    <p>To defy unjust laws through non-violent resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the South African Native National Congress (SANNC)?

    <p>To organize peaceful protests against discriminatory policies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the Reservation of Separate Amenities Act of 1953?

    <p>Institutionalized inequality with 'separate but unequal' facilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Extension of University Education Act of 1959?

    <p>Established separate universities for different racial groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the Workers' Party and other groups in the 1930s?

    <p>To call for democratic reforms and emphasize non-collaboration and boycotts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the Native Resettlement Act of 1954 and the Native (Urban Areas) Amendment Act of 1955?

    <p>Broke apart families and communities, contributing to social instability and economic disadvantage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the apartheid government's reaction to the Congress of the People and the adoption of the Freedom Charter?

    <p>The resistance movement gained momentum and international attention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the immediate domestic impact of the Sharpeville Massacre?

    <p>A state of emergency was declared, and thousands were detained.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the banning of the ANC and PAC under the Unlawful Organizations Act (1960)?

    <p>The organizations' ability to organize and coordinate resistance was significantly hampered.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the international consequence of the Sharpeville Massacre?

    <p>The United Nations Security Council condemned the massacre and called for apartheid's abolition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the apartheid government's strengthening of repressive policies?

    <p>International support for the anti-apartheid movement increased.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Rivonia Trial?

    <p>Nelson Mandela and other leaders were imprisoned.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the imprisonment of anti-apartheid leaders?

    <p>The anti-apartheid movement gained momentum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the international community's reaction to the Sharpeville Massacre?

    <p>South Africa's diplomatic isolation increased.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the formation of military wings by the ANC and PAC?

    <p>The anti-apartheid movement shifted from non-violent to armed struggle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of the national referendum among white voters in 1960?

    <p>South Africa became a republic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Rivonia Trial?

    <p>A significant escalation in the anti-apartheid struggle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the South African government's racial policies?

    <p>To institutionalize racial segregation and discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Sharpeville Massacre in 1960?

    <p>It marked a critical turning point in global public opinion against the South African government</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the 1948 National Party victory in South Africa?

    <p>The institutionalization of racial segregation and discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of the international community's actions against apartheid?

    <p>South Africa became increasingly isolated and condemned</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of apartheid on the global community?

    <p>It became an internationally recognized term and concept for racial segregation and discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of Nelson Mandela's speech during the Rivonia Trial?

    <p>It was a defining moment in the fight against apartheid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the post-World War II era?

    <p>A shift towards greater recognition of human rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of the international sports and cultural boycotts?

    <p>South Africa was excluded from international sports and cultural organizations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the apartheid government's strengthening of repressive policies?

    <p>Increased international isolation and condemnation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of the Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act (1949)?

    <p>To promote racial purity and socially engineer racial boundaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the Immorality Amendment Act (1950)?

    <p>It led to significant social discord and invasive policing of personal relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of the Population Registration Act (1950)?

    <p>The classification of all South Africans by race led to the issuance of identity documents specifying racial group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main consequence of the Group Areas Act (1950)?

    <p>Non-whites were forcibly relocated to separate and inferior living areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Reservation of Separate Amenities Act (1953)?

    <p>Racially separate public facilities were mandated, with inferior facilities for non-whites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of the Bantu Education Act (1953)?

    <p>To prepare African students for lives as laborers and servants, reinforcing a cycle of poverty and limited economic mobility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the apartheid laws on the economy?

    <p>Economic disparities between whites and non-whites increased</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the apartheid laws on political power?

    <p>Non-white South Africans were disenfranchised and excluded from the political process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the apartheid laws on cultural exchange?

    <p>Cultural exchange and growth were stifled by legally enforcing cultural separateness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the apartheid legislation?

    <p>The apartheid laws institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of the apartheid policy in South Africa?

    <p>To maintain white supremacy by controlling the lives of non-white South Africans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the 1948 National Party victory in South Africa?

    <p>The institutionalization of racial segregation and discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the major difference between segregation and apartheid?

    <p>Segregation involved the physical separation of races, while apartheid involved the legal enforcement of racial segregation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the electoral boundary manipulation in 1948?

    <p>The distribution of electoral boundaries disproportionately favored rural constituencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Sauer Commission's recommendation?

    <p>For formalized and entrenched segregation, or apartheid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the apartheid policy on the economy?

    <p>Economic policies favoring whites and disadvantaging non-whites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the National Party's campaign in 1948?

    <p>The National Party won the election due to their campaign capitalizing on fears of a black uprising and economic competition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the apartheid policy on international relations?

    <p>South Africa became increasingly isolated internationally due to its apartheid policies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the resistance and struggle against apartheid?

    <p>The resistance and struggle led to the end of apartheid in 1994</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the apartheid legislation?

    <p>To legally enforce racial segregation and control every aspect of non-white life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the All African Convention (AAC) formed in 1935?

    <p>To unify African resistance against discriminatory policies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who led the ANC in the 1940s, marking a shift towards a more dynamic approach?

    <p>Dr. AB Xuma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Defiance Campaign launched in 1952?

    <p>The campaign significantly raised the political profile of the ANC.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the Public Safety Act and the Criminal Law Amendment Act enacted in 1953?

    <p>To declare a state of emergency and impose severe penalties for protests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the apartheid government's response to resistance in rural areas?

    <p>The centralization of control helped the government manage rural dissent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the Promotion of Bantu Self-Government Act established in 1959?

    <p>To segregate ethnic groups and dilute African nationalism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the apartheid government's reaction to the Defiance Campaign?

    <p>The leaders received suspended prison sentences and additional restrictions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the apartheid government's response to ongoing protests and defiance?

    <p>Many activists were forced underground.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the Black Resistance in Rural Areas?

    <p>The centralization of control helped the government manage rural dissent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the apartheid government's response to resistance against apartheid?

    <p>The government's response led to a temporary relaxation of apartheid legislation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Rivonia Trial in the context of the anti-apartheid struggle?

    <p>It transformed the accused into global symbols of resistance against apartheid, catalyzing a global campaign against the regime.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the arrest and imprisonment of key leaders like Mandela and Sobukwe?

    <p>It transformed these figures into international symbols of resistance against apartheid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the apartheid government's strengthening of repressive policies in the short term?

    <p>It led to more stringent enforcement of apartheid laws.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the Sharpeville Massacre on the anti-apartheid movement?

    <p>It catalyzed a series of events that eventually contributed to the downfall of apartheid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the resistance leaders, including Nelson Mandela, in seeking international support and training?

    <p>To combat apartheid through a more proactive and global approach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the economic boom in South Africa during the 1960s?

    <p>It enabled the apartheid regime to push forward with its policy of separate development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Rivonia Trial on the ANC's leadership?

    <p>It led to significant disorganization within the ANC's ranks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the Rivonia Trial on the international community?

    <p>It catalyzed a global campaign against apartheid, significantly increasing international pressure on the South African government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Rivonia Trial in the context of South African history?

    <p>It was a crucial event that contributed to the downfall of apartheid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Strengthening of Apartheid Policies in the short term?

    <p>It led to more stringent enforcement of apartheid laws.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary consequence of the Ku Klux Klan's violent acts?

    <p>Heightened racial tensions and human rights violations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of the eugenics movement in Europe?

    <p>To improve the genetic quality of the human population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary outcome of the eugenics movement in Germany?

    <p>Forced sterilization of individuals deemed 'defective'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary impact of Jim Crow laws in the Southern United States?

    <p>Denial of basic human rights and disenfranchisement of African Americans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary ideology behind scientific racism in Germany?

    <p>The superiority of the Aryan race</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of the eugenics movement in popular culture?

    <p>To justify discriminatory practices against minorities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary outcome of the eugenics movement in the United States?

    <p>The promotion of discriminatory practices against minorities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary consequence of the resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan?

    <p>Promotion of racial segregation and discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary effect of the Immorality Amendment Act (1950) on societal relationships?

    <p>Widespread social discord and state surveillance of personal relations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the Group Areas Act (1950) on communities?

    <p>Forced physical separation by race, leading to mass evictions and relocations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the Bantu Education Act (1953)?

    <p>To segregate educational systems and curtail the quality of education for non-whites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterized the early forms of resistance to apartheid and racial segregation in South Africa?

    <p>Non-violent actions and persuasive tactics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the Reservation of Separate Amenities Act (1953) on public services?

    <p>Institutionalized inequality with 'separate but unequal' facilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of Mahatma Gandhi's satyagraha campaign of non-violent resistance?

    <p>To defy unjust laws through non-registration and protest marches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the SANNC's early actions?

    <p>Peaceful protests and diplomatic efforts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the Workers' Party and other groups in the 1930s?

    <p>To call for democratic reforms and emphasize non-collaboration and boycotts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the Population Registration Act (1950) on family relationships?

    <p>Caused family separations as members were classified into different racial groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the Extension of University Education Act (1959)?

    <p>To establish separate universities for different racial groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of the All African Convention (AAC) in 1935?

    <p>To unify African resistance against apartheid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Defiance Campaign Trial in 1952?

    <p>The leaders received suspended prison sentences and banning orders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the Public Safety Act of 1953?

    <p>To declare a state of emergency and impose severe penalties for protests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the apartheid government's response to rural resistance?

    <p>Increased centralization of control and discontent among rural populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of the Promotion of Bantu Self-Government Act of 1959?

    <p>To establish autonomous homelands for ethnic groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the apartheid government's response to urban resistance?

    <p>Increased repression and restriction of civil liberties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the ANCYL?

    <p>To advocate for more radical measures against apartheid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the ANC's shift towards more dynamic strategies in the 1940s?

    <p>A revitalization of the ANC's strategy against apartheid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the Defiance Campaign?

    <p>To deliberately violate apartheid laws and provoke arrest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the apartheid government's response to resistance movements?

    <p>Increased repression and restriction of civil liberties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the apartheid government's promotion of ethnic divisions on national unity?

    <p>Weakening of national unity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Congress of the People and the adoption of the Freedom Charter in 1955?

    <p>Arrest and charge of 156 activists with high treason</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the Treason Trial on the Congress Alliance?

    <p>Temporary weakening of the alliance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Sharpeville Massacre?

    <p>Escalation of violence and shift to armed resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the government's declaration of a state of emergency in 1960?

    <p>Detention of thousands of people, including key resistance leaders and activists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the formation of military wings by the ANC and PAC?

    <p>Focus on sabotage and armed protest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the arrest and imprisonment of key leaders like Mandela and Sobukwe?

    <p>It transformed these figures into international symbols of resistance against apartheid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the UN Security Council's adoption of Resolution 134 in 1960?

    <p>Heightened international scrutiny and criticism of South Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Rivonia Trial?

    <p>It became a symbol of the struggle for freedom and justice in South Africa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the Sharpeville Massacre on the anti-apartheid movement?

    <p>It marked a drastic change in the tactics of the anti-apartheid movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the apartheid government's use of legislative and judicial means?

    <p>Suppression of opposition and solidification of control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of international support and training for the anti-apartheid movement?

    <p>It marked the beginning of a more proactive and global approach to combating apartheid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the National Referendum in 1960?

    <p>Becoming a republic and exiting the British Commonwealth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Rivonia Trial on the African National Congress?

    <p>It led to the reorganization of the ANC and intensified armed struggle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the radicalization of the anti-apartheid movement?

    <p>Formation of military wings and increased armed struggle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the apartheid government's strengthening of repressive policies?

    <p>It led to more stringent enforcement of apartheid laws.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the Rivonia Trial on the international community?

    <p>It catalyzed a global campaign against apartheid, increasing international pressure on the South African government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the National Party's victory in the 1948 elections?

    <p>It marked the beginning of apartheid policies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of Liliesleaf Farm in the context of the Rivonia Trial?

    <p>It was the location of the raid on the Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK), leading to the Rivonia Trial.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the economic boom in South Africa during the 1960s?

    <p>It strengthened the National Party's grip on power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the 1948 electoral victory of the National Party in South Africa?

    <p>The institutionalization of racial segregation and discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Sharpeville Massacre in the fight against apartheid?

    <p>It garnered widespread international media attention and shifted global public opinion against the South African government</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the Rivonia Trial on the anti-apartheid movement?

    <p>It marked a shift in tactics by the ANC from purely non-violent protest to armed struggle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the international community's actions against apartheid?

    <p>To impose economic sanctions and exclude South Africa from international sports and cultural organizations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of Nelson Mandela's speech during the Rivonia Trial?

    <p>It was a defining moment in the fight against apartheid, as Mandela stated he was prepared to die for the democratic ideal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the international community's actions against apartheid?

    <p>South Africa was increasingly isolated and branded as the 'polecat of the world'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the term 'apartheid' becoming an internationally recognized concept?

    <p>It highlighted the stark contrast between South Africa's racial policies and the global movement towards human rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the post-World War II era on the global perception of apartheid?

    <p>It highlighted the atrocities of World War II and influenced the recognition of human rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the anti-apartheid movement's shift in tactics?

    <p>The movement marked a significant escalation in the anti-apartheid struggle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the international sports and cultural boycotts?

    <p>They were part of broader efforts to isolate the regime and included academic, economic, and military sanctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following ideologies was a precursor to Nazi racial policies in the 1930s?

    <p>Scientific Racism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the White Australia Policy's assimilation of mixed-descent children?

    <p>To maintain a homogeneous white society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the 1913 Land Act in South Africa?

    <p>It restricted black land ownership to certain designated areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the Native Urban Areas Act of 1923?

    <p>To restrict the influx of black Africans into urban areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of JBM Hertzog's policies in the 1920s?

    <p>The entrenchment of segregation and economic discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the Great Depression on racial tensions in South Africa?

    <p>It intensified racial tensions and led to increased migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the Native Economic Commission established in 1932?

    <p>To recommend that black people remain in rural reserves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did apartheid policies differ from broader colonial segregation policies?

    <p>Apartheid involved a comprehensive and rigid application of laws designed to segregate and control every aspect of non-white life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the National Party's victory in the 1948 elections?

    <p>The formal institution of apartheid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the Industrial Conciliation Act of 1924?

    <p>To legalize white-only trade unions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the 1948 National Party victory in South Africa?

    <p>It entrenched racial divisions legally and socially, creating a deeply polarized society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the Sauer Commission?

    <p>To recommend formalized and entrenched segregation, arguing it was necessary for the survival of the white race.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the Mines and Works Amendment Act of 1926?

    <p>To reinforce the color bar in the lucrative mining industry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of apartheid on the economy of South Africa?

    <p>Apartheid policies favored whites and ensured economic disparities that disadvantaged non-whites significantly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of the electoral boundary manipulation in 1948?

    <p>The distribution of electoral boundaries disproportionately favored rural constituencies, where the National Party had more support.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the National Party's campaign in 1948?

    <p>The National Party's campaign capitalized on fears of a black uprising and economic competition, leading to their electoral victory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of apartheid on international relations?

    <p>South Africa became increasingly isolated internationally due to its apartheid policies, leading to sanctions and global condemnation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the apartheid legislation?

    <p>To maintain white supremacy and control the social, economic, and political lives of non-white South Africans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the resistance and struggle against apartheid?

    <p>The resistance and struggle against apartheid led to the end of apartheid in 1994.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of apartheid on non-white South Africans?

    <p>Apartheid systematically disadvantaged non-white South Africans, limiting their access to education, jobs, and political representation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary consequence of the apartheid laws on the social structure of South Africa?

    <p>It reinforced racial segregation and discrimination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the apartheid laws impact the economic opportunities of non-white South Africans?

    <p>They reserved the best jobs and areas for whites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the apartheid laws on the political power of non-white South Africans?

    <p>They were disenfranchised and excluded from the political process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the apartheid laws impact cultural exchange and growth in South Africa?

    <p>They stifled cultural exchange and growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of the international condemnation of apartheid?

    <p>South Africa faced international sanctions and isolation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of the Population Registration Act (1950)?

    <p>To classify all South Africans by race.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the Group Areas Act (1950)?

    <p>Non-white South Africans were forcibly relocated to inferior areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Bantu Education Act (1953)?

    <p>African students were prepared for lives as laborers and servants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the Reservation of Separate Amenities Act (1953)?

    <p>Racially separate public facilities were mandated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the apartheid legislation?

    <p>To maintain white supremacy and segregation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary social issue deeply embedded in the socio-political and economic structures of the 1920s and 1930s globally?

    <p>Racism and segregation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the Ku Klux Klan during the 1920s and 1930s?

    <p>Maintaining white racial dominance through intimidation and terror</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary concern of the eugenics movement in Europe?

    <p>Engineering societies through selective breeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary consequence of the Jim Crow laws in the Southern United States?

    <p>Denying African Americans the right to vote and use public facilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary ideology behind scientific racism in Germany?

    <p>Categorizing humans into hierarchical races with Aryan superiority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of eugenics in popular culture?

    <p>Justifying discriminatory practices against minorities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary consequence of the eugenics movement in Europe?

    <p>The forced sterilization of individuals deemed 'defective'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary impact of racism and segregation on societies globally?

    <p>Leading to widespread discrimination and human rights violations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of Australia's White Australia Policy?

    <p>To maintain a homogeneous white society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the 1913 Land Act in South Africa?

    <p>It restricted black land ownership to certain designated areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the Native Urban Areas Act of 1923?

    <p>To restrict black Africans' access to urban areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of JBM Hertzog's policies in the 1920s?

    <p>They entrenched segregation and protected white economic interests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the National Party's victory in the 1948 elections?

    <p>The formal institution of apartheid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the Industrial Conciliation Act of 1924?

    <p>To legalize white-only trade unions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the Mines and Works Amendment Act of 1926?

    <p>To reinforce the colour bar in the lucrative mining industry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the Great Depression on racial tensions in South Africa?

    <p>It intensified racial tensions and led to increased segregation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the Native Economic Commission established in 1932?

    <p>To recommend formalized and entrenched segregation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the assimilation of mixed-descent children in Australia's White Australia Policy?

    <p>To 'breed out' Indigenous Australian heritage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary mechanism by which the National Party secured a parliamentary majority in the 1948 elections?

    <p>A strategic alliance with the Afrikaner Party</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the 1948 National Party victory for non-white South Africans?

    <p>Complete disenfranchisement and economic marginalization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the Sauer Commission?

    <p>To propose separate development with supposed 'equal opportunities'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of apartheid on international relations?

    <p>South Africa experienced increased isolation and economic sanctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key feature of apartheid?

    <p>Formalized and codified racial segregation and discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Fagan Commission's recommendation?

    <p>The adoption of limited integration and economic cooperation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a consequence of the Institutionalization of Racism under apartheid?

    <p>Racial divisions were legally entrenched, creating a deeply polarized society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the National Party's campaign in 1948?

    <p>To capitalize on fears of a black uprising and economic competition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the economic impact of apartheid on non-white South Africans?

    <p>Significant economic disparities that disadvantaged non-whites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the resistance and struggle against apartheid?

    <p>The end of apartheid in 1994</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the apartheid government's strategy to weaken national unity?

    <p>Promoting ethnic divisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the Treason Trial on the resistance movements?

    <p>It temporarily weakened the resistance by removing leaders from active participation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Sharpeville Massacre in 1960?

    <p>The massacre marked a significant shift from non-violent protest to armed resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the Unlawful Organizations Act (1960)?

    <p>The ANC and PAC were banned, hampering their ability to organize and coordinate resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the United Nations Security Council's response to the Sharpeville Massacre?

    <p>The UN Security Council condemned the massacre and called on South Africa to abandon apartheid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the formation of military wings by the ANC and PAC?

    <p>The formation of military wings marked a significant shift from non-violent resistance to armed struggle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the apartheid government's response to the Sharpeville Massacre?

    <p>The government declared a state of emergency in 122 districts, detaining thousands of people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the national referendum among white voters in 1960?

    <p>South Africa became a republic and exited the British Commonwealth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the international community's reaction to the Sharpeville Massacre?

    <p>The international community accelerated South Africa's diplomatic isolation, affecting its international relations and economic situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the formation of Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) and Poqo?

    <p>The military wings initially focused on sabotage and other forms of armed protest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of Nelson Mandela's speech during the Rivonia Trial?

    <p>It highlighted his willingness to die for the democratic ideal, amplifying international awareness and mobilization against apartheid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the global context in which apartheid became an internationally recognized term?

    <p>The post-World War II era, characterized by the recognition of human rights and decolonization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the 1960 Sharpeville Massacre?

    <p>Widespread international media attention and a significant shift in global public opinion against the South African government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the international community's actions against apartheid?

    <p>South Africa became more isolated and was branded the 'polecat of the world'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Rivonia Trial in the anti-apartheid struggle?

    <p>It marked a significant escalation in the anti-apartheid struggle, profoundly impacting the ANC's tactics and the international community's engagement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of apartheid on the global stage?

    <p>It stood in stark contrast to global movements for decolonization and civil rights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the 1948 National Party victory in South Africa?

    <p>It institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination, popularizing the term 'apartheid'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of international sports and cultural boycotts on South Africa?

    <p>They were part of broader efforts to isolate the regime, including academic, economic, and military sanctions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the apartheid government's strengthening of repressive policies?

    <p>It further entrenched the resolve of anti-apartheid activists.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the term 'apartheid'?

    <p>It was a term used to describe the South African government's policy of racial segregation and discrimination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Rivonia Trial?

    <p>The defendants were found guilty and sentenced to life imprisonment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the Rivonia Trial on the international community?

    <p>It led to widespread international condemnation of the apartheid government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of the apartheid government's strengthening of repressive policies?

    <p>It led to increased resistance and protest from the anti-apartheid movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Sharpeville Massacre?

    <p>It catalyzed a series of events that eventually contributed to the downfall of apartheid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the treason trials and imprisonment of leaders like Mandela and Sobukwe?

    <p>It weakened organizational leadership but also transformed these figures into international symbols of resistance against apartheid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of international support and training on the anti-apartheid movement?

    <p>It marked the beginning of a more proactive and global approach to combating apartheid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the apartheid government's strengthening of repressive policies on the economy?

    <p>It led to an economic boom in South Africa that strengthened the National Party's grip on power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the Rivonia Trial on the ANC's leadership?

    <p>It led to significant disorganization within the ANC's ranks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the imprisonment of anti-apartheid leaders?

    <p>It led to increased international pressure on the apartheid government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Rivonia Trial?

    <p>It was a major trial that marked a turning point in the struggle against apartheid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary consequence of the Classification of the population by racial categories under the Population Registration Act (1950)?

    <p>The institutionalization of racial segregation and inequality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the African National Congress (ANC) during the early 20th century?

    <p>To use diplomatic efforts and peaceful protests against discriminatory policies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the arrest and imprisonment of key leaders like Mandela and Sobukwe?

    <p>The strengthening of the apartheid government's repressive policies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of the Reservation of Separate Amenities Act (1953)?

    <p>To institutionalize inequality with 'separate but unequal' facilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the Immorality Amendment Act (1950) on South African society?

    <p>It led to widespread social discord and state surveillance of personal relations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of Mahatma Gandhi's satyagraha campaign in South Africa?

    <p>To defy unjust laws through non-violent resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Fagan Commission's recommendation?

    <p>The formalized and entrenched segregation of racial groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary consequence of the Bantu Education Act (1953)?

    <p>The segregation of educational systems and curtailment of quality education for non-whites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the Group Areas Act (1950)?

    <p>To designate specific residential areas for different racial groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Rivonia Trial?

    <p>The imprisonment of key leaders like Mandela and Sobukwe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the All African Convention (AAC) formed in 1935?

    <p>To unify African resistance against discriminatory policies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Defiance Campaign, which started in 1952?

    <p>It significantly raised the political profile of the ANC and laid the groundwork for future resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the apartheid government's reaction to the Defiance Campaign?

    <p>The government relaxed its apartheid laws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of the Public Safety Act (1953) and the Criminal Law Amendment Act (1953)?

    <p>To declare a state of emergency and impose severe penalties for protests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the apartheid government's introduction of the Bantu Authorities Act (1951)?

    <p>The government gained extensive control over rural areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the Promotion of Bantu Self-Government Act (1959)?

    <p>To segregate ethnic groups and dilute African nationalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the apartheid government's response to resistance against apartheid?

    <p>The government gained extensive powers of arrest and control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Defiance Campaign in the struggle against apartheid?

    <p>It laid the groundwork for future national and international resistance to apartheid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the ANC Youth League's (ANCYL) advocacy for more radical measures?

    <p>The ANCYL's advocacy led to a revitalization of the ANC's strategy against apartheid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the apartheid government's strengthening of repressive policies?

    <p>Many activists were forced underground</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary consequence of the apartheid laws on South African society?

    <p>It created a deeply divided society where non-whites were systematically marginalized and denied basic rights and freedoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main purpose of the Group Areas Act (1950)?

    <p>To segregate residential areas by race and forcibly relocate non-white South Africans to specific areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the apartheid legislation on the international community?

    <p>It resulted in international sanctions and isolation, contributing to the system's eventual downfall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the Bantu Education Act (1953)?

    <p>To establish a separate and inferior educational system for African students</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the apartheid laws on the economy?

    <p>It facilitated economic inequalities by reserving the best jobs, areas, and educational opportunities for whites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main purpose of the Population Registration Act (1950)?

    <p>To classify all South Africans by race and issue identity documents specifying racial group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the apartheid laws on non-white South Africans?

    <p>It systematically marginalized and denied non-whites basic rights and freedoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the apartheid laws on the political process?

    <p>It disenfranchised non-whites and excluded them from the political process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the apartheid laws on cultural exchange and growth?

    <p>It stifled cultural exchange and growth by legally enforcing cultural separateness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the Reservation of Separate Amenities Act (1953)?

    <p>To mandate racially separate public facilities such as beaches, buses, hospitals, schools, and parks</p> Signup and view all the answers

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