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Sports are described in this chapter as 'sites' where:
Sports are described in this chapter as 'sites' where:
- Athletic events occur
- Ideas about skin color and ethnicity are formed, reaffirmed and put into action (correct)
- Community gatherings take place
- Education in sports is provided
Race is used in the chapter to refer to a population of people who are believed to be:
Race is used in the chapter to refer to a population of people who are believed to be:
- Socially integrated
- Naturally or biologically distinct from other populations (correct)
- Culturally similar
- Economically disadvantaged
Ethnic population is used in the chapter to refer to a category of people regarded as socially distinct because they:
Ethnic population is used in the chapter to refer to a category of people regarded as socially distinct because they:
- Share a history, way of life and an identity (correct)
- Share a common language
- Are all professionals
- Live in a specific region
A minority, as used in the chapter, refers to a socially identified population that:
A minority, as used in the chapter, refers to a socially identified population that:
Using the definitions in the chapter, Native People in the US would be considered:
Using the definitions in the chapter, Native People in the US would be considered:
The idea of race was first developed by:
The idea of race was first developed by:
Racial ideology is a web of ideas and beliefs that is used to:
Racial ideology is a web of ideas and beliefs that is used to:
When European peoples were exploring and colonizing the globe, they developed racial classification systems and ideologies allowing them to conclude that:
When European peoples were exploring and colonizing the globe, they developed racial classification systems and ideologies allowing them to conclude that:
The racial ideology that became widely accepted in the US during the 19th and 20th centuries supported white Americans as they sought to:
The racial ideology that became widely accepted in the US during the 19th and 20th centuries supported white Americans as they sought to:
Racial ideology became important to support Jim Crow Laws. These laws:
Racial ideology became important to support Jim Crow Laws. These laws:
Dominant racial ideology in the US during most of the 20th century was based on the belief that whiteness was a pure and innately special racial category. This belief:
Dominant racial ideology in the US during most of the 20th century was based on the belief that whiteness was a pure and innately special racial category. This belief:
Recent research in biology and genetics has led to the conclusion that:
Recent research in biology and genetics has led to the conclusion that:
An accurate view of race today is that it is:
An accurate view of race today is that it is:
The classification systems that are popularly used to divide all human beings into specific and distinct racial categories are based on:
The classification systems that are popularly used to divide all human beings into specific and distinct racial categories are based on:
The classification systems usually used to distinguish races are based on:
The classification systems usually used to distinguish races are based on:
When people use continuous traits as a basis for identifying races:
When people use continuous traits as a basis for identifying races:
Racial ideology in the US is based on the one-drop rule. The original purpose of this rule was to:
Racial ideology in the US is based on the one-drop rule. The original purpose of this rule was to:
Tiger Woods, the popular and successful professional golfer, identifies himself as:
Tiger Woods, the popular and successful professional golfer, identifies himself as:
A major problem with racial ideology today is that it:
A major problem with racial ideology today is that it:
Racism is defined as attitudes, actions, and policies based on the belief that people in one racial category are:
Racism is defined as attitudes, actions, and policies based on the belief that people in one racial category are:
When Joe Louis won the heavyweight boxing championship in 1935, many white sports journalists used the racial ideology of that era to attribute his victory to:
When Joe Louis won the heavyweight boxing championship in 1935, many white sports journalists used the racial ideology of that era to attribute his victory to:
When dominant racial ideology has been used to explain the success of athletes with white skin, there has usually been an emphasis on the importance of:
When dominant racial ideology has been used to explain the success of athletes with white skin, there has usually been an emphasis on the importance of:
When 'whiteness' is used as the taken-for-granted standard against which everything else is viewed, the success of black athletes is:
When 'whiteness' is used as the taken-for-granted standard against which everything else is viewed, the success of black athletes is:
In the box, 'Jumping Genes' in Black Bodies, it is noted that much of the research devoted to identifying performance differences by skin color is based on the idea that:
In the box, 'Jumping Genes' in Black Bodies, it is noted that much of the research devoted to identifying performance differences by skin color is based on the idea that:
The statement 'white men can't jump' is a racial slur.
The statement 'white men can't jump' is a racial slur.
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Study Notes
Race and Ethnicity in Sports
- Sports function as venues where perceptions of skin color and ethnicity are both shaped and enacted.
- Race refers to groups believed to be biologically distinct from one another.
- Ethnicity denotes a group distinguished by shared history, lifestyle, and identity.
- Minority populations experience a shared unity and face discrimination.
- Native Peoples in the US are classified as both an ethnic and minority group.
- The concept of race originated from European explorers encountering diverse global populations.
- Racial ideology encompasses beliefs that classify individuals based on skin color.
- European colonization led to racial classifications that justified supremacy of white-skinned individuals.
- In 19th and 20th century America, racial ideologies rationalized expansionism and segregation.
- Jim Crow Laws were underpinned by racial ideologies enforcing segregation.
- The dominant belief in 20th century America deemed whiteness as an inherently superior racial category.
- Contemporary biological and genetic research disputes the biological legitimacy of race.
- Race is understood today as a social construct lacking biological foundation.
- Common racial classification systems are based on social interpretations of biological features.
- Racial divisions are often based on continuous traits rather than discrete categories.
- Continuous traits permit endless possibilities for race identification.
- The one-drop rule aimed to preserve power and property for white individuals.
- Tiger Woods identifies as "Cablinasian," indicating a mixed heritage.
- Racial ideology perpetuates racism and reinforces stereotypes.
- Racism is defined as the belief in the superiority of one racial category over others.
- White journalists attributed Joe Louis's boxing success in 1935 to inherent racial traits rather than his skill.
- Success of white athletes is often attributed to cultural factors.
- The success of black athletes is frequently viewed through a lens of "whiteness," perceived as problematic.
- Research linking performance to skin color often overlooks the influence of environment and social factors.
- The phrase "white men can't jump" is not treated as a racial slur but reflects societal perceptions of athletic ability.
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