Animal Reproduction 1.4

Proestrus Stage

• Increased appetite is a characteristic of the proestrus stage
• Restlessness is a behavioral trait exhibited during proestrus
• Females in proestrus emit short, low calls
• They become more affectionate towards owners
• Urine marking occurs in this stage, indicating a readiness to mate
• This stage precedes full heat

Oestrus Identification

• A red vulva is a possible indication of oestrus, but not definitive proof
• Lordosis, characterized by an arched back and raised hindquarters, is a specific sign of oestrus
• Crouching in a corner and displaying aggression may be observed
• Rabbit behavior, such as lordosis, is a more reliable indicator of oestrus than behavioral changes

Proestrus Stage

• Increased appetite is a characteristic of the proestrus stage
• Restlessness is a behavioral trait exhibited during proestrus
• Females in proestrus emit short, low calls
• They become more affectionate towards owners
• Urine marking occurs in this stage, indicating a readiness to mate
• This stage precedes full heat

Oestrus Identification

• A red vulva is a possible indication of oestrus, but not definitive proof
• Lordosis, characterized by an arched back and raised hindquarters, is a specific sign of oestrus
• Crouching in a corner and displaying aggression may be observed
• Rabbit behavior, such as lordosis, is a more reliable indicator of oestrus than behavioral changes

Proestrus Stage

• Increased appetite is a characteristic of the proestrus stage
• Restlessness is a behavioral trait exhibited during proestrus
• Females in proestrus emit short, low calls
• They become more affectionate towards owners
• Urine marking occurs in this stage, indicating a readiness to mate
• This stage precedes full heat

Oestrus Identification

• A red vulva is a possible indication of oestrus, but not definitive proof
• Lordosis, characterized by an arched back and raised hindquarters, is a specific sign of oestrus
• Crouching in a corner and displaying aggression may be observed
• Rabbit behavior, such as lordosis, is a more reliable indicator of oestrus than behavioral changes

Natural Mating

• Male seeks out female in oestrus, controlled by male and female interaction
• Male and female naturally engage in mating process

Artificial Insemination (AI)

• Human is in control of male product and female interaction
• Semen is transferred past female cervix, no contact between male and female

Natural Mating

• Male seeks out female in oestrus, controlled by male and female interaction
• Male and female naturally engage in mating process

Artificial Insemination (AI)

• Human is in control of male product and female interaction
• Semen is transferred past female cervix, no contact between male and female

Canine Mating

• Canine mating occurs during oestrus, a period of sexual receptivity in females.
• The length of courtship by the male is variable.
• The male's courtship behavior includes licking the female's vulva.
• The female stands with her tail to one side, indicating receptivity.
• Mounting occurs, but the male does not have an erection.
• The male penetrates the vagina, and his bulbus glandis (a swelling in the penis) engorges, facilitating thrusting.
• The male dismounts and turns around, but his penis remains in the vagina, a phenomenon known as "the tie".
• Ejaculation occurs during "the tie", which can last anywhere from 5 minutes to 1 hour.

Canine Mating

• Canine mating occurs during oestrus, a period of sexual receptivity in females.
• The length of courtship by the male is variable.
• The male's courtship behavior includes licking the female's vulva.
• The female stands with her tail to one side, indicating receptivity.
• Mounting occurs, but the male does not have an erection.
• The male penetrates the vagina, and his bulbus glandis (a swelling in the penis) engorges, facilitating thrusting.
• The male dismounts and turns around, but his penis remains in the vagina, a phenomenon known as "the tie".
• Ejaculation occurs during "the tie", which can last anywhere from 5 minutes to 1 hour.

Canine Mating

• Canine mating occurs during oestrus, a period of sexual receptivity in females.
• The length of courtship by the male is variable.
• The male's courtship behavior includes licking the female's vulva.
• The female stands with her tail to one side, indicating receptivity.
• Mounting occurs, but the male does not have an erection.
• The male penetrates the vagina, and his bulbus glandis (a swelling in the penis) engorges, facilitating thrusting.
• The male dismounts and turns around, but his penis remains in the vagina, a phenomenon known as "the tie".
• Ejaculation occurs during "the tie", which can last anywhere from 5 minutes to 1 hour.

Canine Mating

• Mating occurs during oestrus, with a variable length of courtship by the male
• The male licks the vulva during courtship

Mating Process

• The dam stands with her tail to one side during mounting
• The male mounts without an erection and penetrates the vagina
• During penetration, the male's bulbus glandis engorges, resulting in thrusting
• After ejaculation, the male dismounts and turns around, but his penis remains in the vagina, known as "the tie"

The Tie

• The tie lasts for 5 minutes to 1 hour
• During this time, the bulbus glandis swells, and the vaginal muscles constrict
• It is essential not to forcibly separate the mating pair during the tie

Mating Frequency and Fertility

• Optimal mating occurs on days 11 and 13 after the start of proestrus
• Sperm can survive in the female reproductive tract for up to 7 days
• Infertility can result from mating at the incorrect time

Canine Mating

• Mating occurs during oestrus, with a variable length of courtship by the male
• The male licks the vulva during courtship

Mating Process

• The dam stands with her tail to one side during mounting
• The male mounts without an erection and penetrates the vagina
• During penetration, the male's bulbus glandis engorges, resulting in thrusting
• After ejaculation, the male dismounts and turns around, but his penis remains in the vagina, known as "the tie"

The Tie

• The tie lasts for 5 minutes to 1 hour
• During this time, the bulbus glandis swells, and the vaginal muscles constrict
• It is essential not to forcibly separate the mating pair during the tie

Mating Frequency and Fertility

• Optimal mating occurs on days 11 and 13 after the start of proestrus
• Sperm can survive in the female reproductive tract for up to 7 days
• Infertility can result from mating at the incorrect time