Untitled Quiz

Chapter 10: Making Sense of Things

• Typology involves ordering data, particularly large datasets, using categories.
• Style is connected to aesthetics and technological aspects of forms and functions.
• Analogy and Interpretation: Understanding the present helps interpret the past.
• Ethnoarchaeology uses modern cultures to understand past cultures.
• Experimental Archaeology creates past cultural items to learn about the past.
• Material Analysis: Approaches understanding artifacts' compositions and use.
  • Use-Wear analysis studies artifact wear to understand use.
  • Compositional analysis examines artifact chemical composition.
  • Mass Spectrometry measures the abundance of elements, including trace elements.
  • Petrography describes and classifies rocks via their composition.
  • X-Ray Fluorescence calculates chemical composition using emitted x-rays after bombardment.
  • X-Ray Diffraction measures how electrons scatter electromagnetic waves.
  • PIXE uses particle accelerators to study elements through emissions.
  • SEM (scanning electron microscopy) reveals surface details and chemical composition.
  • Neutron Activation Analysis induces radioactivity and measures gamma emissions for element identification.
• Refitting is piecing together broken artifacts.
• Artifact Biography describes an artifacts changing functions, meanings, and uses over time.
• Reduction vs. Synthetic Techniques for stone tools, from knapping to grinding.
  • Lithics are stone objects.
  • Reduction Technology involves shaping stone by chipping.
  • Chipped Stone Technology includes techniques like indirect percussion, pressure flaking, bipolar technique, and retouching.
  • Ground Stone uses abrasion methods.
  • Ceramics use synthetic techniques like slip and glaze production methods during pottery manufacturing. Firing techniques also shape ceramic products.

Chapter 11: Face to Face with the Past

• Biological Anthropology studies human evolution and diversity.
• Physical Anthropology examines the biology and evolution of humans.
• Bioarchaeology applies biological approaches to archaeological study.
• Ethics and permissions are crucial in conducting archaeological research.
• Archaeothanotology investigates death practices and beliefs.
• Paleodemography studies the population structure and changes.
• Basic analysis of human bones involves determining sex, age at death, and specific skeletal features.

Chapter 12: Settlement, Subsistence, and Exchange

• Settlement archaeology investigates settlement patterns, including primary, secondary, and tertiary refuse (and de facto).
• Settlement patterns consider the sizes, locations, and characteristics of settlements.
• Activity areas and trash are key elements to understand people's lives.
• Multiscalar methods address different scales of analysis, like domestic groups, households, and neighborhoods.
• Site boundaries and layouts provide information.
• Regional settlement patterns focus on clusters or spread of settlements, including core-periphery patterns.
• Central Place Theory describes how distribution and density of settlement occur.
• Landscape archaeology examines the relationship between people and the environment.
• Subsistence (Diet): examines the foods people consumed, which is understood via stable isotopes (C and N), dental wear, and pathologies. Paleobotanical and faunal remains are also considered.

Chapter 13: Meaning in Archaeology

• Ideology and symbolism investigates the ideas and beliefs of past societies.
• Ethnohistoric and ethnographic data draw parallels with contemporary cultures.
• Material pattern investigates the relationship between materials and their meanings.
• Memory of meanings and their evolution are considered.
• Ahistorical contexts are investigated to understand the past from a broader perspective.
• Writing systems, in the context of archaeological study, allow an understanding of the past and present cultures.
• Community Archaeology emphasizes participation and collaboration with communities.
• Decolonization involves incorporating knowledge of Indigenous societies.
• Indigenous Archaeology looks at Indigenous practices and perspectives.