Queer Criminology Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is a primary focus of queer criminology?

  • To explore the experiences of LGBTQ+ individuals as both victims and offenders (correct)
  • To promote LGBTQ+ rights exclusively
  • To classify criminal behaviors in traditional contexts
  • To advocate against all forms of criminology

    • According to Jordan Blair Woods, how did early criminological theory influence views of queer individuals?

  • It ignored their existence altogether.
  • It contributed to the creation of stereotypes and biases regarding their criminal behavior. (correct)
  • It established them as victims of societal bias only.
  • It presented queer individuals as entirely innocent.

    • How has the perception of the term 'queer' evolved over time?

  • Older generations view it exclusively as a term of empowerment.
  • It has always been viewed as a term of empowerment.
  • It is now universally accepted by all members of the LGBTQ+ community.
  • Younger and older generations have differing views on its connotations. (correct)

    • What challenge is associated with language within the LGBTQ+ community?

    <p>Inclusive language can sometimes lead to division within the community.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are survival crimes typically characterized by?

    <p>Criminal acts performed for necessary goals due to limited legitimate means</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of criminology has primarily privileged the voices of cisgender women?

    <p>Feminist criminology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinct difference is emphasized between sex and gender?

    <p>Gender is a social construct while sex is biological.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do structural conditions specifically affect Queer individuals compared to non-Queer individuals?

    <p>They face unique barriers to accessing basic survival institutions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What historical influence did critical and feminist criminology have on queer criminology?

    <p>They paved the way for queer criminology while sharing their own flaws.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant indicator of survival offending among individuals?

    <p>Housing status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do Queer individuals experience increased rates of criminal involvement?

    <p>As a result of intersecting discrimination based on sexuality and gender identity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one criticism mentioned regarding feminist research within criminology?

    <p>It has often overlooked the voices of various non-cisgender identities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What accounts for the public's interest in sensational true crime narratives?

    <p>The rarity and gruesomeness of sensational crimes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes survival sex?

    <p>Engaging in sexual acts primarily to meet survival needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much higher is the risk of homelessness for LGBT youth compared to their non-Queer peers?

    <p>120 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do structures and institutions play in the context of Queer individuals and crime?

    <p>They create barriers that can lead to criminal behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key assertion made by Woods regarding queer criminology?

    <p>It should be both identity-driven and deconstructionist.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect significantly contributed to the development of intersectionality?

    <p>Black feminist theory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the common misconceptions about queer people mentioned in the content?

    <p>They are presumed to be inherently victims lacking agency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What historical perspective has influenced criminologists' views on gay men?

    <p>They are often viewed through a lens of sexual deviancy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents a category of queer criminal archetypes identified by Mogul, Ritchie & Whitlock?

    <p>The queer killer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What external factors have been cited as motivations behind hate crimes aside from hate itself?

    <p>Ignorance and fear.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the challenge regarding proving motivations in hate crime cases?

    <p>Hate motivations must be proven in court.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How has the perception of masculinity affected views on gay men in criminology?

    <p>It contributed to the idea that they are less worthy of study.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who are the founders of the Black Lives Matter movement?

    <p>Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors, and Opal Tometi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does policing have on the Queer community according to the content?

    <p>It has historically demanded compliance and silence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What critique is presented regarding feminist criminology in relation to transgender individuals?

    <p>It prioritizes the experiences of cisgender women over transgender women.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant concern for trans individuals regarding police interactions?

    <p>A distinct fear of police officers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does selective enforcement in policing involve?

    <p>Questioning and arresting based on officer discretion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Viv Smythe, what ethical issue arises from prioritizing the safety of cisgender women over transgender women?

    <p>It marginalizes trans women who face actual risks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been a significant factor in the emergence of queer criminology in the last decade?

    <p>Increased recognition of sexual and gender identities in research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The policing of gender variance has been utilized for what purpose?

    <p>To control behaviors outside the heteronormative lens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does queer theory influence queer criminology according to the content?

    <p>It challenges the existing perspectives of social control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What historical context supports the relationship between the Queer community and activism against police misconduct?

    <p>There is a legacy of fear towards police brutality in the community.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What issue is highlighted regarding the current Chief of Police involved in the Pussy Palace Raid?

    <p>The Chief was accused of misconduct during the raid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one major distinction of queer criminological perspectives?

    <p>They view sexuality and gender as integral subjects of study.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does queer theory demand from researchers regarding sexual and gender identities?

    <p>To pay specific attention to these identities as significant subjects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the content characterize police officers' discretionary tactics?

    <p>They reflect broader social and political ideologies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized about the lived experiences of individuals identifying as queer?

    <p>They are part of a larger social structure that categorizes identities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of traditional criminology does queer criminology challenge?

    <p>The exclusion of sexual and gender diversity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has contributed to a heightened sense of marginalization among gay and lesbian officers?

    <p>The value placed on masculinity in policing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How might community-oriented policing affect diversity within law enforcement?

    <p>It could attract diverse individuals to the profession</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant barrier to effective community policing?

    <p>The hierarchical structure of policing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which policing style is characterized as more reactionary rather than proactive?

    <p>Zero-tolerance policing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What commonly observed issue arises from traditional forms of policing?

    <p>Promotion of distrust among citizens towards officers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does compulsory heterosexuality influence within police culture?

    <p>The status and treatment of gay and lesbian officers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is deemed important for effective diversity training among officers?

    <p>The style of policing implemented</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of police culture is noted as potentially needing change to better accommodate diversity?

    <p>The paramilitary hierarchical model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Queer Criminology

    • Queer criminology is a theoretical and practical approach that highlights the stigmatization, criminalization, and rejection of the LGBTQ+ community (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer+) as both victims and offenders.

    • This approach examines the experiences of LGBTQ+ people as victims, offenders, and professionals within the criminal justice system.

    • Jordan Blair Woods' theory emphasizes how early criminological theories shaped negative stereotypes and social biases related to criminal populations and behavior.

    Language and Identity

    • Language and meanings evolve. While "queer" was reclaimed by some decades ago, there are still older community members who experienced hate and violence attached to it.

    • Younger generations, conversely, often view "queer" as empowering. Using this term can be inclusive, but could also alienate some.

    • Sex and gender are different concepts.

    Queer Criminology's Allies, Advocates, and Frenemies

    • Both critical criminology and feminist criminology have laid groundwork for queer criminology.

    • Feminist criminology has focused on the experiences of cisgender women and girls, often diminishing or ignoring the experiences of transgender women and girls.

    • Viv Smythe highlighted the unethical nature of prioritizing cisgender women's potential victimization over the actual risk of violence faced by transgender women. This highlights the need for intersectional approaches.

    Queer Theory's Influence

    • Queer theory recognizes the importance of sexual and gender identities in a larger social structure.

    • Queer theory challenged the traditional categorization and labeling of identities.

    • It argues for a focus on sexuality and gender as subjects of inquiry, rather than simply treating them as variables.

    • Queer theory provides a framework for questioning the status quo when examining sexualities and gender identities with a focus on how these identities have been used for social control.

    Intersectionality

    • The influence of power is a major reason for the development of critical criminology.

    • Black feminist theory played a critical role in the development of intersectionality, as articulated by Kimberlé Crenshaw (1989).

    Victimization - Hate Crimes

    • Hate is not always the only factor, other motivations such as ignorance, fear, etc. must also be investigated.

    • Hate crime victimization numbers varied across different years within specific populations from 2015 to 2021.

    Offending

    • There are myths about queer people, such as the presumption that they are inherently victims, lacking agency, power, or control, are problematic.

    • Historically, queer people, especially gay men, have been viewed through a lens of sexual deviancy. Criminological studies often focused on sexual behavior rather than examining other aspects of their identity and experiences.

    • Mogul, Ritchie, and Whitlock (2011) highlighted the various negative stereotypes of queer criminals that are often portrayed in mainstream media. These archetypes include the "queer killer," the "sexually deranged predator," and the "disease spreader."

    Intersection of Offending and Victimization

    • Individual identities and experiences highlight how offending and victimization intersect, especially for marginalized groups like queer individuals.

    • Some experiences, such as lack of access to resources, or discriminatory practices can force certain individuals to partake in criminal activities in order to survive.

    • Research suggests that marginalized populations like queer individuals often experience disproportionate rates of criminal involvement due to systemic discrimination and lack of access to resources.

    Queer Criminology and Law Enforcement

    • Structural issues and institutions play a significant role in ongoing brutality towards queer individuals.

    • Histories of problematic policing practices including lack of compliance, silence, and allegiance, and the use of discriminatory policing tactics persist.

    • Police brutality and misconduct remain issues that have been, and continue to, create fear-mongering towards the LGBTQ+ community.

    Police Brutality and Misconduct

    • Instances such as the Pussy Palace Raid (2000) where police acted with brutality, and the current Chief of Police having been involved in the raid, underscore the persistent problems in policing practices.

    Selective Enforcement

    • Police use discretionary tactics, or personal beliefs, ideologies and larger political agendas, to determine who is targeted for enforcement; often, these acts can be discriminatory and biased.

    Queer and Blue

    • Policing has historically been a male-dominated field, leading to a preference of masculine traits and behaviors over feminine ones. Physical strength and aggression are often valued over verbal communication.

    • Police officers who identify as LGBTQ+ face marginalization and harassment in the workplace.

    Policing Style and Training

    • Policing styles and training significantly impact diversity and inclusivity among officers, and also influences tolerance.

    • The move from the traditional professional era to more problem-oriented or community-oriented approaches is intended to address certain concerns.

    • Community policing requires proactive, rather than reactive, responses, which may be difficult in current policing systems.

    • Successful styles seek to counter negative, aggressive, or hierarchical styles, and instead seek positive relationships with communities.

    The Battle for Queer Rights

    • LGBTQ+ rights have endured significant struggles. Protests and movements, such as the Pride parades, highlight the ongoing struggles to achieve equality.

    Gay/Trans Panic

    • Queer individuals, including sex workers, continue to face violence and discrimination, including murder.

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    Related Documents

    CRM 515: Gendering Justice Lecture 3 PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores key concepts in queer criminology, including its evolution and the intersection of gender and sexuality with crime. Participants will examine the historical influences on queer criminality and the specific challenges faced by queer individuals within the criminal justice system.

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