Queen Elizabeth I's Challenges (1560-1588)

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Questions and Answers

What was the primary concern of the Scottish Protestant nobles regarding Mary Stuart's potential rule?

Mary's lack of interest in Scottish affairs

Mary's age and inexperience as a ruler

The economic instability in Scotland

The possibility of a French, Catholic rule in Scotland (correct)

Which action did Queen Elizabeth take to support the Protestant Scottish Council?

She negotiated peace with France

She secretly provided financial aid and later troops (correct)

She arranged a marriage between Mary and a Protestant noble

She sent military advisors to Scotland

What did the Treaty of Edinburgh establish regarding Mary Stuart's claim to the English throne?

It made her claim dependent on the Scottish nobility

It required her to relinquish her claim (correct)

It left her claim intact until her marriage

It strengthened her claim to the throne

How did the Scottish Protestant nobles react to Mary Stuart upon her return to Scotland?

They distrusted her due to her background Signup and view all the answers

What event led to Mary Stuart's return to Scotland in 1561?

The death of King Francis II of France Signup and view all the answers

After King Francis II died, how did Mary feel at the French royal court?

Pointless and undervalued Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the signing of the Treaty of Edinburgh for foreign troops in Scotland?

Both French and English troops were to leave Scotland Signup and view all the answers

Why were the Protestant nobles concerned about Mary's French background?

Her loyalty was presumed to lie with France over Scotland Signup and view all the answers

What was a notable aspect of Mary's rule in relation to religion in Scotland?

She allowed total religious freedom in Scotland. Signup and view all the answers

What was one reason Elizabeth refused to name Mary as her heir?

Mary had not signed the Treaty of Edinburgh. Signup and view all the answers

Which noble did Mary Queen of Scots marry in 1565?

Lord Henry Darnley Signup and view all the answers

How did the Protestant Council feel about Mary's return to Scotland?

They distrusted her and preferred a Protestant ruler. Signup and view all the answers

What approach did Mary take regarding her Privy Council?

She included both Protestant and Catholic nobles. Signup and view all the answers

What was Elizabeth's suggested marriage candidate for Mary?

Lord Robert Dudley Signup and view all the answers

What familial relationship did Mary have with Lord Darnley?

He was her cousin. Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason Mary rejected Dudley as her husband?

She believed it was a political strategy. Signup and view all the answers

What was one factor that contributed to Elizabeth's anger over Mary's marriage to Darnley?

Darnley did not seek her permission to marry. Signup and view all the answers

How did Mary's marriage to Darnley affect her authority?

It made her authority more fragile. Signup and view all the answers

What role did Elizabeth play during Mary's conflict with the Protestant nobles?

She supplied weaponry and funds to the rebels. Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant consequence of Darnley's behavior according to the struggles faced by Mary?

He contributed to the deteriorating relationship between Mary and the Protestants. Signup and view all the answers

What event illustrated the fragility of Mary's authority?

The storming of her bedroom and murder of David Rizzio. Signup and view all the answers

Who was the father of Mary's heir, James Stuart?

Lord Darnley. Signup and view all the answers

What motivated some Protestant nobles to ally with Darnley?

His Catholic background. Signup and view all the answers

What was one of Mary's major regrets regarding her marriage?

Her husband's charm was deceptive. Signup and view all the answers

What was the cause of Darnley's death as suggested by the circumstances surrounding the explosion?

He suffocated while trying to escape the explosion. Signup and view all the answers

What was Queen Mary's situation shortly after Darnley's death?

She was taken by Bothwell for her safety. Signup and view all the answers

How was Mary's marriage to Lord Bothwell perceived by the public?

It was seen as a result of Darnley's murder. Signup and view all the answers

What factor contributed to the loss of public support for Mary following her marriage to Bothwell?

Bothwell's rising power and influence. Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of Mary's marriage to Bothwell concerning her Catholic supporters?

They considered the marriage to be unlawful. Signup and view all the answers

What event is suggested to have occurred shortly after Mary and Bothwell's marriage?

Mary became pregnant but later miscarried. Signup and view all the answers

What was a major reason for the rebellion against Mary and Bothwell?

The belief that they had plotted Darnley's murder. Signup and view all the answers

How did the Protestant nobles view Bothwell’s behavior after the marriage?

They were alarmed by his growing power. Signup and view all the answers

What led to Mary Queen of Scots' abdication from the throne?

The demand of the Scottish nobles Signup and view all the answers

How did Mary Queen of Scots escape from her island prison?

By bribing the guards to assist her Signup and view all the answers

What was the fate of Mary’s son, James, after her abdication?

He was raised by the Earl of Moray Signup and view all the answers

What were the conditions of Mary's imprisonment set by Queen Elizabeth?

House arrest with some comforts but heavy restrictions Signup and view all the answers

What was Queen Elizabeth's main concern about executing Mary?

It might incite a rebellion in Scotland Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of Mary’s attempt to regain her throne with her army of 6,000?

They were defeated by the noble Council’s forces Signup and view all the answers

How did Mary's imprisonment affect her communication with the outside world?

Her communications were severely restricted Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant reason for Bothwell's departure from Scotland?

He negotiated a safe passage for his life Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Queen Elizabeth I's Reign (1560-1588) - Challenges

Period: 1560 to 1588
Mary, Queen of Scots and Elizabeth I (1561-1568): Scottish Protestant nobles, desiring independence, clashed with French Catholic rule under Mary Stuart. Elizabeth secretly supported the Scottish Protestants.
Revolt of the Northern Earls (1569): A revolt against Elizabeth's rule in the North of England
Rivalry with Spain (1560-1585): Political and economic tensions between England and Spain
War with Spain (1585-1588): A major conflict, culminating in an attempted invasion of England by the Spanish Armada.

Treaty of Edinburgh (1560)

Scottish Protestant Nobles: Desired permanent rule of Scotland
Mary Stuart: French Catholic Queen
Council: Ruled Scotland when Mary was growing up in France
Goal: The treaty resolved to resolve the political conflict between French Catholic rule and independence
English and French troops: Signed by representatives to withdraw troops from Scotland
Mary Stuart: Would renounce her claim to the English throne

Mary Stuart, Reign of Queen Mary, and Mary Stuarts Returns (1561)

Return to Scotland(1561): Became Queen of Scots with French background, customs, and Protestant relations.
Disagreement within the Council: Catholicism, French accent, and lack of Scottish experience
Mary's response: Didn't enforce Catholicism, gave religious freedom to nobles.
Nobles Concerns: Mistrust of her and desire for conversion to Protestantism.
Support for Mary: Hoped for support from the Protestant nobles by keeping them in her Council.

Mary Queen of Scots' Request to be Elizabeth's Heir (1561)

Claim to the English Throne (1561): Mary attempted to claim succession to the English throne.
Elizabeth's Response: Rejected Mary's claim to avoid plots from those against her rule
Marriage: Seeking a husband

Mary's Marriage to Darnley (1565)

Choice of Husband: Mary married Lord Darnley, a half-English, half-Scottish nobleman rather than English subject Robert Dudley.
English Concerns: Elizabeth was furious because Darnley was an English subject and was actively helping Mary against Elizabeth.

Worsening Situation (1565)

Bad Choice of Husband: Mary's marital choice with Darnley angered Scottish Protestant nobles
Rebellion: Protestant nobles began a rebellion against Mary, supported by Elizabeth, due to Mary's Catholicism.
Darnley's murder (1567): Darnley's death, leading to intense suspicion surrounding Mary
Private Secretary, Rizzio Murdered: Mary's private secretary murdered by nobles and Darnley.
Pregnant: Mary became pregnant during political turmoil.

Birth of Mary's Son (1566)

Son Born (1566): Birth of James Stuart, strengthening her possible succession to the English Throne.

Mary and Bothwell (1567)

Marriage to Bothwell: Mary's marriage to Lord Bothwell, escalating tensions with the Protestant nobles.

Murder of Darnley (1567)

Darnley's Murder: Darnley's death, strongly connected to Bothwell and suspicion surrounding Mary.
Public Mistrust: The public's suspicion of Mary, leading to another rebellion.

Rebellion against Mary (1567)

Further Rebellion: Mary was overthrown by both Scottish Protestants and Catholics, with the help of Elizabeth
Abdication: Mary was forced to abdicate.
Custody of Son: Bothwell was killed or left and James Stuart was placed under the care of the Protestant Earl of Moray.
Exile: Mary was unable to reclaim power.

Mary's Escape and Imprisonment (1568)

Escape to England: Mary escaped to England.
Imprisonment: Elizabeth's imprisonment policy toward Mary
Reasons for Imprisonment: Fear of plots against her, fear of French intervention due to Mary's Catholic background.

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Description

Explore the significant challenges faced by Queen Elizabeth I during her reign from 1560 to 1588. This quiz delves into key events such as the clash with Mary, Queen of Scots, the Revolt of the Northern Earls, and the rivalry with Spain, culminating in the conflict with the Spanish Armada. Test your knowledge of this tumultuous period in English history.