Queen Elizabeth I and Mary Queen of Scots

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Questions and Answers

What was the concern for Elizabeth if she died without marrying or having children?

Her cousin Mary would become Queen of England and Wales too. (correct)

She would lose her throne to a French king.

Her nobles would rule in her place.

Her Catholic cousin Mary would become Queen of Scotland only.

What was the reason for the rebellion against Mary in Scotland?

She was a Catholic and wanted to rule England.

She was suspected of being involved in her second husband's death. (correct)

Her cousin Elizabeth refused to take pity on her.

She was too young to rule and wanted to take power.

Who was Mary's third husband, suspected of being involved in her second husband's murder?

James VI

The French king

The English lord

Earl Bothwell (correct)

What did Mary want when she ran away to England in 1568?

She hoped Elizabeth would take pity on her. Signup and view all the answers

What was Elizabeth's solution to the problem posed by Mary?

She kept Mary a prisoner until she could decide what to do with her. Signup and view all the answers

What was the reason for some English Catholics supporting Mary?

They thought Mary should be Queen of England and return it to the Catholic Church. Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of Anthony Babington's secret plan?

To rescue Mary from her prison and make her the new Queen of England Signup and view all the answers

How did Mary Queen of Scots respond to the Babington Plot?

She agreed to the plan and wrote a letter in code to confirm Signup and view all the answers

How did Elizabeth find out about the Babington Plot?

She was informed by Sir Francis Walsingham, her chief spy Signup and view all the answers

What was the initial reaction of Elizabeth to the evidence against Mary?

She was hesitant and didn't want to execute her cousin Signup and view all the answers

What happened to Mary Queen of Scots in February 1587?

She was executed despite Elizabeth's initial hesitation Signup and view all the answers

Why did Elizabeth first imprison Mary in England?

Because Mary was a rival claimant to the throne Signup and view all the answers

What did Mary Queen of Scots say to the executioners before her death?

I forgive you with all my heart, for I hope you shall make an end of all my troubles Signup and view all the answers

What happened to Mary's little dog after her execution?

It lay down between her head and her shoulders and was stained with her blood Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary objective of the Spanish Armada in 1588?

To invade England and remove Queen Elizabeth from the throne Signup and view all the answers

What event involving Francis Drake was a trigger for King Philip's decision to invade England?

The destruction of Spanish warships in Cadiz Signup and view all the answers

What was the approximate size of the area covered by the Spanish Armada at sea?

12 km² Signup and view all the answers

When was American discovered by Christopher Columbus?

1492 Signup and view all the answers

What was the reason for King Philip's anger towards the English?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

How many ships made up the Spanish Armada?

130 ships Signup and view all the answers

Where did King Philip plan to meet his soldiers before invading England?

Calais on the northern coast of France Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of the English in the Spanish Netherlands' rebellion?

They helped the rebels against Spanish control Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the year 1988 in relation to the Spanish Armada?

It was the 400th anniversary of the Spanish Armada's defeat Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the failure of the Spanish Armada?

Queen Elizabeth began to build up the navy to protect England. Signup and view all the answers

What was one advantage the English had over the Spanish during the Armada?

The English had longer range guns. Signup and view all the answers

What was a weakness of the Spanish leader, the Duke of Medina Sidonia?

He was seasick. Signup and view all the answers

What did England go on to create after the failure of the Spanish Armada?

Colleges and trading companies. Signup and view all the answers

What tactic did Sir Francis Drake use to attack the Spanish ships?

Set fireships to drift towards the Spanish Signup and view all the answers

What did the English settlers in the New World grow and sell to Britain?

Tobacco, sugar, and cotton Signup and view all the answers

What was the shape of the 130 Spanish ships as they sailed up the English Channel?

A crescent shape Signup and view all the answers

What symbolic act did Sir Humphrey Gilbert perform in 'Newfoundland' in 1583?

Cuts soil, symbolizing that the land was now English. Signup and view all the answers

What strategy did British traders use to make huge profits?

Buying popular items cheaply abroad and selling them at high prices in Britain. Signup and view all the answers

What was a harsh reality that some British traders engaged in?

Capturing or buying human beings to sell as slaves. Signup and view all the answers

Why did British traders build large trading stations in foreign lands?

To keep themselves safe from local people. Signup and view all the answers

What luxury items did British traders bring back to Britain from around the world?

Exotic spices, luxury cloth, sugar, tea, coffee, and fur. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Queen Elizabeth and Mary, Queen of Scots

By 1568, Elizabeth had been queen for ten years and had no children, which meant that if she died, her cousin Mary, Queen of Scotland, would become Queen of England and Wales too.
Mary had been Queen of Scotland since she was six days old and was brought up as a Catholic.
She married several times, including to a French king and an English lord, and was suspected of involvement in her second husband's murder.
After being forced to give up the Scottish throne, Mary ran away to England in 1568, where Elizabeth kept her a prisoner for 19 years.

The Babington Plot

In 1586, a young Catholic named Anthony Babington planned to kill Elizabeth and rescue Mary from prison.
Babington's plan was to send secret letters to Mary, who agreed to the plan.
However, Mary's servants worked for England's chief spy, Sir Francis Walsingham, who discovered the plot and took the letters to Elizabeth.
Mary's involvement in the plot was considered treason, but Elizabeth hesitated over executing her cousin.

Execution of Mary, Queen of Scots

In February 1587, Elizabeth eventually signed the death warrant, and Mary was executed.
Mary forgave her executioners and prayed in Latin before her death.
After her execution, Elizabeth tried to stop it, but it was too late.

England vs. Spain

In 1588, King Philip II of Spain decided to focus his country's power and wealth on invading England.
Spain had a huge army and a massive navy, which was heading towards England.
Philip was angry with England because of Sir Francis Drake's attack on Spanish warships and the execution of Mary, Queen of Scots.
Philip's plan was to meet his soldiers at Calais, transport them to England, and remove Elizabeth from the throne.

The Spanish Armada

The Spanish Armada had 130 ships, many painted red and gold, which covered an area of about 12km2 of sea.
Philip's fleet was one of the greatest navies the world had ever seen.
However, Queen Elizabeth knew that most people were prepared to fight to the death to defend the country against the Spanish invaders.

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Description

Learn about the rivalry between Queen Elizabeth I and Mary Queen of Scots, including their family ties and potential succession crises. Discover the reasons behind Elizabeth's actions towards her cousin.