Quasi-Experimental Designs Quiz

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson
Download our mobile app to listen on the go
Get App

Questions and Answers

What is the potential problem of selecting a study site that is underperforming for an experimental condition?

  • The site's underperformance may be caused by factors other than the intervention, leading to inaccurate results.
  • The site may be less likely to participate in the study due to their underperforming status.
  • The intervention may be less effective on an underperforming site compared to a high-performing site.
  • The site may show improvement due to regression to the mean, which could be mistakenly attributed to the intervention. (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a mitigation strategy for addressing potential weaknesses in quasi-experimental designs?

  • Using a randomized controlled trial (RCT) design to eliminate confounding variables. (correct)
  • Using propensity score weighting to statistically adjust for differences between groups.
  • Collecting data from sufficient time points across all sites, particularly during the pre-intervention period.
  • Selecting a control group that is as similar as possible to the intervention site(s).

What is the primary concern with collecting data from sufficient time points across all sites?

  • The data collection process may be time-consuming and resource-intensive. (correct)
  • It may be difficult to obtain accurate data from all sites, leading to inconsistencies.
  • The participants may lose interest in the study over time, reducing the sample size.
  • The intervention may be less effective if it is implemented over a longer period.

Which type of design utilizes staggered implementation of the intervention across all participants?

<p>Stepped wedge (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can qualitative methods contribute to mitigating weaknesses in quasi-experimental designs?

<p>By identifying key contextual factors that may affect results. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main limitation of propensity score weighting as a mitigation strategy?

<p>It cannot address all sources of confounding bias. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential ethical concern with using a quasi-experimental design?

<p>It may not be feasible to randomize participants to different groups. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to select a control group that is as similar as possible to the intervention site(s) in a quasi-experimental design?

<p>To reduce the risk of confounding by factors other than the intervention. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of study design is highlighted by Betran et al. for improving antenatal care in Mozambique?

<p>Stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary focus of the collaborative care model described by Bodenheimer et al.?

<p>Improving health outcomes for chronic illness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does the adaptive implementation strategy aim to improve according to Kilbourne et al.?

<p>Outcomes of mood disorders programs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which publication discusses adaptive designs specifically for clinical trials?

<p>N. Engl. J. Med. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the systematic review by Brown and Lilford, which trial design is evaluated?

<p>Stepped wedge trial (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the key goals described in the study by Kilbourne et al. for improving outcomes for persons with serious mental illness?

<p>Life goals collaborative care approach (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a focus in improving primary care as highlighted by Bodenheimer et al.?

<p>Patient communication skills (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of healthcare delivery was specifically mentioned in the study by Merialdi et al.?

<p>Provision of medical supply kits (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of stepped wedge designs in implementation science?

<p>Intervention is provided in a staggered fashion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using experimental designs in implementation science?

<p>To increase the adoption and spread of effective clinical practices. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered the gold standard for testing treatment efficacy in clinical trials?

<p>Randomized controlled trial (RCT). (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of experimental design does NOT require random assignment of subjects?

<p>Quasi-experimental design. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of implementation-oriented randomized controlled trials (RCTs)?

<p>They usually differ from traditional efficacy-oriented RCTs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main strengths of experimental designs in implementation studies?

<p>They provide high internal validity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which methodological approach is likely to be used to address specific implementation science questions?

<p>A range of experimental and quasi-experimental designs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does interrupted time series (ITS) design primarily focus on?

<p>Observing trends over time after an intervention. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which study design implements adaptive randomization for quality improvement in depression treatment programs?

<p>Sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the multiphase optimization strategy (MOST)?

<p>Optimize and evaluate behavioral interventions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is crucial for implementing evidence-based interventions in health care according to the replicating effective programs framework?

<p>Sustained partnerships between community and research entities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The application of factorial experiments in intervention evaluation helps in assessing what?

<p>Component effectiveness of interventions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what context was a randomized controlled trial applied among individuals with bipolar disorder?

<p>To improve medical and psychiatric outcomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following authors contributed to the design of experiments with multiple independent variables?

<p>L.M. Collins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant advantage of using sequential multiple assignment randomized trials (SMART)?

<p>They facilitate adaptive intervention strategies based on response (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which approach emphasizes partnerships between academic and public entities for evidence-based implementation?

<p>Public-academic partnerships (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the research conducted by Kirchner et al. in 2014?

<p>Implementation of primary care–mental health strategies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which design is used to build individualized treatment sequences as discussed by Lei et al.?

<p>Sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the 2019 study by Lew et al., what is a notable method employed to reduce imbalance in implementation trials?

<p>Propensity score matching (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of treatment does Nahum-Shani et al. highlight in their 2012 research?

<p>Personalization of treatment approaches (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the approach of the study conducted by Morgan in 2018 regarding the bias in randomized controlled trials?

<p>Utilizing matching methodologies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cousins et al. studied the impact of which specific intervention in university populations?

<p>Campus watch intervention (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key concept is described in the work of Curran et al. that combines elements of different research types?

<p>Effectiveness-implementation hybrid designs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary focus did Morton and Torgerson address in their 2003 study?

<p>Decision-making in healthcare affected by the regression to the mean (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes implementation RCTs from traditional clinical trials?

<p>They focus on the implementation effectiveness of strategies. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which design is particularly suited for addressing ongoing needs in implementation strategies?

<p>Sequential, multiple-assignment randomized trials (SMART) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common outcome measure focused on in implementation RCTs?

<p>The successful implementation of health interventions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do factorial designs aid in implementation science?

<p>By randomizing participants to different combinations of strategies. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus when utilizing single subject experimental designs (SSEDs)?

<p>Assessing individual responses to implementation strategies. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about implementation RCTs is false?

<p>They primarily evaluate the population's overall health outcomes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of outcome measures in SMART designs?

<p>To provide ongoing information that guides further randomization. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key purpose of using multi-component implementation strategies?

<p>To avoid burdening providers and participants. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)

An experimental study design that randomly assigns participants to treatment or control groups to test efficacy.

Implementation Science

The study of methods to promote the uptake of research findings into routine practice.

Quasi-Experimental Designs

Study designs that lack random assignment but aim to evaluate interventions.

Stepped Wedge Design

A study where all participants receive the intervention but at different times.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pre-Post Design

Comparing outcomes before and after an intervention to assess its impact.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Interrupted Time Series (ITS)

A study design analyzing outcomes at multiple time points before and after an intervention.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Strengths and Weaknesses of Designs

Criteria for evaluating the effectiveness and limitations of different study designs in research.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Citrus Fruit and Scurvy

The first documented clinical trial tested citrus to cure scurvy, led by James Lind in 1747.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Implementation Research

A field focused on understanding and improving how evidence-based practices are integrated into real-world settings.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Factorial Design

An experimental design that studies multiple factors and their interactions simultaneously.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Single Subject Experimental Design (SSED)

A research design focusing on individual subjects to analyze the effects of an intervention.

Signup and view all the flashcards

RCT vs. Implementation RCT

Traditional RCTs test treatment efficacy, while implementation RCTs evaluate strategy effectiveness in real settings.

Signup and view all the flashcards

SMART Trials

Sequential multiple assignment randomized trials randomizing participants multiple times based on ongoing responses.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Outcome Measures in Implementation RCTs

Focus on how well an intervention was implemented rather than its health effects.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Multi-Component Strategies

Integrated approaches that combine several implementation strategies to enhance effectiveness.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Evaluation of Implementation Strategies

Assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of different approaches to implement practices.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Regression to the Mean

The phenomenon where extreme measurements tend to move closer to the average upon subsequent measurements.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Type I Error

Incorrectly attributing improvement to an intervention when it may be due to external factors.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Control Group Matching

Selecting a control group with characteristics similar to the intervention group to ensure comparability.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Propensity Score Weighting

A statistical method used to reduce bias in estimating treatment effects by equating groups based on covariates.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Time Points Collection

Gathering data at multiple intervals before and after an intervention to assess its effect accurately.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Stepped Wedge Trials

A design where all participants receive an intervention, but at staggered times to observe effects.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Qualitative Methods in Research

Use of interviews and observations to gather insights about the context impacting study results.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Confounding Effects

When external factors influence both the intervention and outcomes, complicating the results interpretation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Single-Subject Experimental Design

Research focusing on individual subjects to assess interventions' effects.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial (SMART)

A trial design randomizing participants multiple times based on their responses.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Multiphase Optimization Strategy (MOST)

A framework for optimizing behavioral interventions in multiple phases.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Factorial Experiment

An efficient design studying the effects of multiple intervention factors.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Evidence-Based Practice

Using the best clinical evidence in decision-making for patient care.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Implementation Strategies

Specific approaches used to increase the uptake of research findings into practice.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Collaborative Care Attendance

Promotion of teamwork and coordination in patient care within communities.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Public-Academic Partnerships

Collaborative efforts between community agencies and research institutions for practice improvements.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Adaptive Implementation Strategy

An approach adjusting interventions based on ongoing feedback to improve outcomes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Behavioral Dynamic Treatment

A method optimizing treatment regimens based on ongoing responses.

Signup and view all the flashcards

SMART Design

An experimental design for individualized treatment sequences using multiple randomizations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cluster Randomized Trial

A trial where groups, not individuals, are randomly assigned to intervention or control.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Robust Methods in RCTs

Techniques that minimize biases in site-level randomized trials.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Stepped-Wedge Cluster Randomized Trial

Design where groups receive interventions at staggered times, allowing comparisons over time.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Quality of Antenatal Care

Evaluating and enhancing the standard of care provided to pregnant women.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Screening for Alcohol Use

Identifying hazardous drinking in emergency settings with brief interventions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Collaborative Care Model

A care model involving multiple healthcare professionals working together to improve patient outcomes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Campus Watch Intervention

An initiative aimed at reducing alcohol consumption on university campuses through monitoring.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Chronic Care Model

A framework aimed at improving care for patients with chronic illnesses by promoting patient engagement.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hybrid Designs in Research

Combine clinical effectiveness and implementation research for better public health impact.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Life Goals in Mental Health

Setting personal objectives in mental health treatments to enhance patient motivation and outcomes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Experimental Design in Interventions

Methods used to structure trials for assessing adaptive interventions’ effectiveness.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Medical Supply Kits

Essential packages provided to improve healthcare delivery and outcomes in specific settings.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs in Implementation Research

  • Implementation science aims to improve clinical practice adoption, use, and sustainability.
  • Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are often used in implementation science.
  • Implementation-focused RCTs differ from traditional RCTs in their focus on implementation strategies rather than treatment efficacy.
  • Implementation RCTs often use cluster randomization (e.g., sites or clinics) due to potential contamination.
  • Quasi-experimental designs are used when randomization is inappropriate, estimating intervention effects without randomization.

Experimental Designs (e.g., RCTs)

  • Key distinction: manipulation of an independent variable and random assignment of subjects.
  • Implementation-focused RCTs often focus on implementation strategies, not just treatment efficacy.
  • Outcome measures often include implementation success (e.g., number of patients treated, providers employing the treatment in appropriate manner).
  • Cluster randomization is common to minimize contamination between groups and ensure similar groups.
  • Optimization trials are used to determine the best implementation strategies, whom to target, and timings, often involving comparative strategies.
  • Factorial and fractional-factorial designs are used with multi-component strategies as they randomize participants to different combinations of implementation strategies and evaluate strategies individually.
  • Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trials (SMARTs) use information from participants' treatment response data to optimize sequences through adaptive allocation procedures.
  • Single Subject Experimental Designs (SSEDs), including ABA designs, may be used when analyzing a single subject or group, aiming to observe changes over time.

Quasi-Experimental Designs

  • These designs are used to estimate intervention effects without randomization.
  • Pre-post with non-equivalent control group: compares changes between an intervention and control group over time. Measures pre- and post-intervention data, identifying group differences. Crucial to select comparable control and intervention groups.
  • Interrupted time series (ITS): studies changes in outcome over time, before and after an intervention, leveraging repeated data collection. Analyses assess whether the intervention is associated with a change in pre-existing trends. Needs sufficient data points before and after the intervention to identify true effect.
  • Stepped wedge designs: all participants receive the intervention eventually but in staggered time intervals, creating staggered control/intervention periods. The intervention group at later phases serves as a control for earlier intervention phases and helps address resource limitations.

Methodology

  • Adaptive Trial Designs: Adaptive trial designs offer potential for modifying treatment allocations, sample sizes or recruitment methods based on observed data during the trial, increasing flexibility and efficacy.
  • Data collection timing: Timing of data collections is crucial for interpreting the findings accurately.

Additional Points

  • Many of the methods described are also applicable to general healthcare research in various contexts.
  • Ethical considerations regarding treatment allocation sequences are crucial.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

More Like This

Research Methods in Psychology Quiz
12 questions
Research Methods in Psychology
12 questions
Guide on Designing Questionnaires
12 questions
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Browser