Experimental Psych_Chapter 5&6

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Questions and Answers

Quasi means

Seeming like

It may resembles experiments but lack the required manipulation of antecedent conditions and/or random assignment to condition

Quasi experiments

They use it to study the effects of preexisting antecedent conditions life events or subject characteristics on behavior

Quasi experiments

Means after the fact

<p>Ex post facto</p> Signup and view all the answers

A researcher examines the effects of already existing subject variables on a DV but does not manipulate them.

<p>Ex post facto design</p> Signup and view all the answers

Often used to learn more about the behavioral outcomes of individual differences in psychological functioning and personality processes

<p>Ex post facto design</p> Signup and view all the answers

It compares the effect of treatments on preexisting groups of subjects

<p>Nonequivalent group design</p> Signup and view all the answers

This design is useful when researchers want to study the effects of treatment in natural settings

<p>Nonequivalent group design</p> Signup and view all the answers

The same group of subject is measured at different points of time to determine the effect of time on behavior

<p>Longitudinal design</p> Signup and view all the answers

Subject at different developmental stages (classes) are compared at the same point of time

<p>Cross sectional studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

Useful when we want to assess whether the occurrence of an event increases or decreases the existing level of persons behavior.

<p>Pretest or posttest design</p> Signup and view all the answers

The result may be confounded by practice effects due to less anxiety during the posttest and learning caused by review of pretest answers.

<p>Pretest sensitization</p> Signup and view all the answers

A study designed to determine the degree of relationship between two traits, behavior or events

<p>Correlation study</p> Signup and view all the answers

Researcher often use this to explore behaviors that are not yet well understood

<p>Correlational studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which suggest that a braun that is more intellectually engaged can better withstand neurodegenerative damage

<p>Cognitive reserve</p> Signup and view all the answers

Means how the relationship between x and y can be plotted as a line or as a curve

<p>Linearity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Refers to whether the correlation coefficient is positive or negative

<p>Sign</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is the strength of the correlation coefficient, ranging from -1 to +1

<p>Magnitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

Are a graphic display of pairs of data points on the x and y axes

<p>Scatterplot</p> Signup and view all the answers

Are extreme scores. They usually affect correlations by disturbing the trends in the data

<p>Outliers</p> Signup and view all the answers

It is the main idea of an experiment and a statement about a predicted relationship between two variables

<p>Hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Predicts how variables (events, traits, or behaviors) might be related, but not causally related

<p>Nonexperimental hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

It is a tentative explanation of an event or a behavior. A statement that predicts the effect of an independent variable on a dependent variable

<p>Experimental hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Means that we prefer a simple hypothesis over one requiring many supporting assumptions

<p>Parsimony</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is reasoning from specific cases to general principles to form a hypothesis

<p>Induction</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is reasoning from general principles to specific predictions. This approach is used to test the assumptions of a theory

<p>Deduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

It is finding something that was not being looked for

<p>Serendipity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hypothesis that you did bot expect to find, but worked positively in your favor.

<p>Windfall hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

It is knowing without reasoning, or unconscious problem-solving. It guides what we choose to study in an experiment.

<p>Intuition</p> Signup and view all the answers

Can provide helpful information about your topic. It is not an experiment but a statistical analysis of many similar studies

<p>Meta analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

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