key and sum 6

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What is the relationship between the energy of a photon and the frequency of radiation?

E = hλ

E = -hν

E = hν (correct)

E = h/ν

Which paradoxes from the late 19th and early 20th centuries could not be explained by classical mechanics and electromagnetism?

Photoelectric effect

Discrete spectra of atoms

Blackbody problem

All of the above (correct)

In the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, what happens when an electron moves from a higher-energy orbit to a more stable one?

Energy is emitted in the form of a photon (correct)

The electron absorbs energy

The electron vanishes

The electron moves randomly

What describes the three-dimensional position of an electron in the quantum mechanical model?

Wavefunction Signup and view all the answers

Which quantum number describes the shape or type of an orbital?

Angular momentum quantum number Signup and view all the answers

What is the general relationship between the principal quantum number and the energy of an orbital?

They are inversely proportional Signup and view all the answers

'Wave-particle duality' refers to what property of light?

Its demonstration of both wavelike and particle-like behavior Signup and view all the answers

'Orbitals with the same principal quantum number and the same l value belong to the same ______.'

Subshell Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the energy change associated with the addition of an electron to a gaseous atom or ion?

Electron affinity Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of energies that electromagnetic radiation can comprise called?

Electromagnetic spectrum Signup and view all the answers

Which rule states that it is impossible to exactly determine both certain conjugate dynamical properties of a particle at the same time?

Heisenberg uncertainty principle Signup and view all the answers

What does electron configuration describe?

Electron occupancy of an atom's shells and subshells Signup and view all the answers

Which term represents the Coulomb force exerted by the nucleus on an electron?

Effective nuclear charge Signup and view all the answers

In which type of orbital would you find a multilobed region of high electron density?

F orbital Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the state in which electrons in an atom have the lowest energy possible?

Ground state Signup and view all the answers

Which term is used to measure the probability of locating an electron in a specific region of space?

Electron density Signup and view all the answers

Which property of quantum particles leads to the uncertainty principle?

Wave-particle duality Signup and view all the answers

What does the magnetic quantum number (ml) signify?

Orientation of an atomic orbital around the nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What does the Pauli exclusion principle state?

No two electrons in an atom can have the same value for all four quantum numbers Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of frequency used to characterize electromagnetic radiation?

Hertz (Hz) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary property of wave-propagated energy related to?

Amplitude of the wave Signup and view all the answers

What does the principal quantum number (n) specify in an atom?

Shell an electron occupies Signup and view all the answers

What does the magnetic quantum number, ml, describe?

The orientation of the orbital in space Signup and view all the answers

Which quantum number can be equal to ±12?

Spin quantum number, ms Signup and view all the answers

According to the Pauli exclusion principle, what is not allowed for two electrons in the same atom?

Having the same set of four quantum numbers Signup and view all the answers

Why do covalent radii mostly decrease as we move left to right across a period?

Because the effective nuclear charge increases Signup and view all the answers

What happens to ionization energy as we move down a group in the periodic table?

It decreases Signup and view all the answers

Why are anionic radii generally larger than the parent atom?

Due to an increased number of valence electrons Signup and view all the answers

In which category are elements placed when the last electron added goes into d orbitals?

Transition elements Signup and view all the answers

Why does electron affinity become increasingly negative as we move left to right across the periodic table?

Due to electrons being placed into lower energy orbitals Signup and view all the answers

What is the amplitude of a wave?

The extent of the displacement caused by the wave Signup and view all the answers

What is the Aufbau principle?

The procedure of building elements in order of atomic numbers Signup and view all the answers

What does Bohr's model of the hydrogen atom describe?

Model where an electron moves around the nucleus only in circular orbits Signup and view all the answers

What are core electrons in an atom?

Electrons that occupy the orbitals of the inner shells Signup and view all the answers

What is a covalent radius?

Half the distance between nuclei of two identical atoms when joined by a covalent bond Signup and view all the answers

What is a d orbital?

Region of space with high electron density that is either four-lobed or contains a dumbbell and torus shape Signup and view all the answers

What is a blackbody?

The idealized perfect absorber of all incident electromagnetic radiation Signup and view all the answers