key and sum 6
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Questions and Answers

What is the relationship between the energy of a photon and the frequency of radiation?

  • E = hλ
  • E = -hν
  • E = hν (correct)
  • E = h/ν

Which paradoxes from the late 19th and early 20th centuries could not be explained by classical mechanics and electromagnetism?

  • Photoelectric effect
  • Discrete spectra of atoms
  • Blackbody problem
  • All of the above (correct)

In the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, what happens when an electron moves from a higher-energy orbit to a more stable one?

  • Energy is emitted in the form of a photon (correct)
  • The electron absorbs energy
  • The electron vanishes
  • The electron moves randomly

What describes the three-dimensional position of an electron in the quantum mechanical model?

<p>Wavefunction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which quantum number describes the shape or type of an orbital?

<p>Angular momentum quantum number (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general relationship between the principal quantum number and the energy of an orbital?

<p>They are inversely proportional (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Wave-particle duality' refers to what property of light?

<p>Its demonstration of both wavelike and particle-like behavior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Orbitals with the same principal quantum number and the same l value belong to the same ______.'

<p>Subshell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the energy change associated with the addition of an electron to a gaseous atom or ion?

<p>Electron affinity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of energies that electromagnetic radiation can comprise called?

<p>Electromagnetic spectrum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which rule states that it is impossible to exactly determine both certain conjugate dynamical properties of a particle at the same time?

<p>Heisenberg uncertainty principle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does electron configuration describe?

<p>Electron occupancy of an atom's shells and subshells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term represents the Coulomb force exerted by the nucleus on an electron?

<p>Effective nuclear charge (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of orbital would you find a multilobed region of high electron density?

<p>F orbital (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the state in which electrons in an atom have the lowest energy possible?

<p>Ground state (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term is used to measure the probability of locating an electron in a specific region of space?

<p>Electron density (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property of quantum particles leads to the uncertainty principle?

<p>Wave-particle duality (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the magnetic quantum number (ml) signify?

<p>Orientation of an atomic orbital around the nucleus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Pauli exclusion principle state?

<p>No two electrons in an atom can have the same value for all four quantum numbers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of frequency used to characterize electromagnetic radiation?

<p>Hertz (Hz) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary property of wave-propagated energy related to?

<p>Amplitude of the wave (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the principal quantum number (n) specify in an atom?

<p>Shell an electron occupies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the magnetic quantum number, ml, describe?

<p>The orientation of the orbital in space (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which quantum number can be equal to ±12?

<p>Spin quantum number, ms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Pauli exclusion principle, what is not allowed for two electrons in the same atom?

<p>Having the same set of four quantum numbers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do covalent radii mostly decrease as we move left to right across a period?

<p>Because the effective nuclear charge increases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to ionization energy as we move down a group in the periodic table?

<p>It decreases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are anionic radii generally larger than the parent atom?

<p>Due to an increased number of valence electrons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which category are elements placed when the last electron added goes into d orbitals?

<p>Transition elements (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does electron affinity become increasingly negative as we move left to right across the periodic table?

<p>Due to electrons being placed into lower energy orbitals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the amplitude of a wave?

<p>The extent of the displacement caused by the wave (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Aufbau principle?

<p>The procedure of building elements in order of atomic numbers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Bohr's model of the hydrogen atom describe?

<p>Model where an electron moves around the nucleus only in circular orbits (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are core electrons in an atom?

<p>Electrons that occupy the orbitals of the inner shells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a covalent radius?

<p>Half the distance between nuclei of two identical atoms when joined by a covalent bond (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a d orbital?

<p>Region of space with high electron density that is either four-lobed or contains a dumbbell and torus shape (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a blackbody?

<p>The idealized perfect absorber of all incident electromagnetic radiation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers
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