Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following statements is true about group names in the periodic table?
Which of the following statements is true about group names in the periodic table?
The size of an atomic orbital is determined by which quantum number?
The size of an atomic orbital is determined by which quantum number?
Which of the following descriptions of a quantum number is correct?
Which of the following descriptions of a quantum number is correct?
In an atom, what would be the maximum number of electrons having the quantum numbers n = 3, l = 2 and ms = -1/2?
In an atom, what would be the maximum number of electrons having the quantum numbers n = 3, l = 2 and ms = -1/2?
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Which set of quantum numbers does NOT provide a satisfactory solution to the wave equation?
Which set of quantum numbers does NOT provide a satisfactory solution to the wave equation?
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Which of the following statements about the alkali metals is NOT true?
Which of the following statements about the alkali metals is NOT true?
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One of the following does NOT represent the ground state electron configuration for an atom. Which one?
One of the following does NOT represent the ground state electron configuration for an atom. Which one?
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Pauli's rule is the reason:
Pauli's rule is the reason:
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Which of the following atoms has an s²p³ valence electron configuration?
Which of the following atoms has an s²p³ valence electron configuration?
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Which of the following is the valence electronic structure for a halogen?
Which of the following is the valence electronic structure for a halogen?
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How many electrons are in the 4s orbital of a Ca²⁺ ion?
How many electrons are in the 4s orbital of a Ca²⁺ ion?
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Based on electronic configurations, which of the following species would you predict to be most magnetic?
Based on electronic configurations, which of the following species would you predict to be most magnetic?
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The ionization energy of an Oxygen atom (O) is ______ what you would predict based on simple effective nuclear charge arguments because the half-filled 2p orbital for O⁺ is ______ stable.
The ionization energy of an Oxygen atom (O) is ______ what you would predict based on simple effective nuclear charge arguments because the half-filled 2p orbital for O⁺ is ______ stable.
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Rank the following from least to greatest ionization energy: silicon (Si), phosphorous (P), sulfur (S).
Rank the following from least to greatest ionization energy: silicon (Si), phosphorous (P), sulfur (S).
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What is the difference in electronegativity between C and O atoms?
What is the difference in electronegativity between C and O atoms?
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What is the correct order of increasing electronegativity for N, O, P, and K?
What is the correct order of increasing electronegativity for N, O, P, and K?
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What is the effective nuclear charge of a valence electron in the Al⁺ cation?
What is the effective nuclear charge of a valence electron in the Al⁺ cation?
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As you move down a family on the periodic table, the increase in atomic radius can be explained by the [blank]
As you move down a family on the periodic table, the increase in atomic radius can be explained by the [blank]
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Which of the following descriptions of a quantum number is correct? I. The quantum number, n, is a shell and defines the energy and distance from the nucleus of an electron II. The quantum number, l, is a subshell and defines the shape of an orbital III. The quantum number, m₁, is an orbital and defines the orientation of the orbital
Which of the following descriptions of a quantum number is correct? I. The quantum number, n, is a shell and defines the energy and distance from the nucleus of an electron II. The quantum number, l, is a subshell and defines the shape of an orbital III. The quantum number, m₁, is an orbital and defines the orientation of the orbital
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As you move down a family on the periodic table, the increase in atomic radius can be explained by the
As you move down a family on the periodic table, the increase in atomic radius can be explained by the
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Rank the following atoms in terms of decreasing atomic radius.
Rank the following atoms in terms of decreasing atomic radius.
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Rank the following atoms and ions in order of decreasing size: Li⁺, Be²⁺, He, H⁻, B³⁺
Rank the following atoms and ions in order of decreasing size: Li⁺, Be²⁺, He, H⁻, B³⁺
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Study Notes
Periodic Table
- Group I is the alkali metals
- Group VII is the halogens
- Group VIII is the noble gases
- Group III is NOT the halogens
Quantum Mechanics
- The size of an atomic orbital is determined by the principal quantum number (n)
- The shape of an orbital is determined by the azimuthal quantum number (l)
- The orientation of an orbital is determined by the magnetic quantum number (ml)
- Quantum number n defines the electron's energy and distance from the nucleus
- Quantum number l defines the shape of the electron's orbital
- Quantum number ml defines the orientation of the electron's orbital
Quantum Numbers - H Atom
- The quantum number n describes the energy level and distance from the nucleus
- The quantum number l describes the shape of the electron's orbital
- The quantum number ml describes the orientation of the orbital
- Correct quantum number descriptions:
- n describes the energy level and distance from the nucleus (I)
- l describes the shape of the subshell (II)
- ml describes the orientation of the orbital (III)
Quantum Numbers - Boundary Conditions
- The maximum number of electrons with n=3, l=2, and ms=-1/2 is 10
- The set n=2, l=0, ml=-1 is a valid set of quantum numbers
- The set n=1, l=0, ml = 1 is NOT valid
- The set n=4, l=2, ml = +2 IS valid
- The set n=5, l=3, ml = -3 IS valid
Alkali Metals
- Alkali metals readily form singly-charged cations
- Flame tests produce photons in the visible region
- Alkali metals have only one valence electron
- Hydrogen is NOT an alkali metal
Electron Configuration
- [Ne] 3s² 3p⁵ is a valid electron configuration
- [Ne] 3s¹ 3p³ is a valid electron configuration
- [Ne] 3s¹ is a valid electron configuration
- [Ne] 3s² is NOT a valid electron configuration
Aufbau, Hund & Pauli
- Pauli's exclusion principle: a maximum of two electrons can occupy an orbital, with opposite spins
- Hund's rule: electrons singly occupy orbitals of the same energy level before pairing up
- Aufbau principle: electrons fill orbitals in order of increasing energy.
Valence Electron Configurations
- ns² np⁵ is the valence electron configuration for a halogen
- ns² np⁶ is NOT the valence electron configuration for a halogen
- ns¹ is NOT the valence electron configuration for a halogen.
Electron Configurations of Ions
- The 4s orbital of a Ca²⁺ ion has 0 electrons.
Elements and Magnetism
- Manganese (Mn) is predicted to be the most magnetic of the listed elements.
Periodicity Theory
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Effective nuclear charge of Al⁺ is 12
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Increasing atomic radii trend is due to increasing shielding of electrons, which is related to increasing number of electrons
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The correct ranking of the atoms without exceptions in terms of decreasing atomic radius is Na, Mg, N, O, F
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The correct ranking of the positive ions and neutral atoms and ions in order of decreasing ionic radius is H⁻, Li⁺, Be²⁺, He, B³⁺
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The increase in atomic radius moving down a family (group) on the periodic table is due to the increased number of shielding electrons.
Ionization Energy
- Ionization energy of oxygen is less than predicted due to half-filled 2p orbitals (more stable) configuration
- Rank of least to greatest ionization energy (Si, P, S) is Si < P < S
- The difference in electronegativity between C and O atoms is 1.0
Electronegativity
- Correct order of increasing electronegativity for N, O, P, and K is K, P, N, O
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Description
This quiz covers fundamental concepts related to the periodic table and quantum mechanics, including the classification of elements into groups and the details of quantum numbers for hydrogen atoms. Test your knowledge on alkali metals, halogens, noble gases, and the significance of different quantum numbers.
