Quantum Computing Overview

According to the passage, what is the primary factor that determines how much information a statement conveys?

The passage argues that the more common an event is, the less information it conveys.

What mathematical function is proposed in the passage to quantify information?

The author uses the example of a person saying "It is raining today" to demonstrate how ______ can influence the amount of information conveyed.

Match the following terms with their definitions from the passage.

What is the name of the quantum key distribution protocol described in the provided text?

Quantum key distribution protocols like BB84 are theoretically immune to all attacks.

What is the name of the attack that involves an eavesdropper intercepting and storing part of a multi-photon pulse until Alice and Bob reveal their measurement bases?

The probability distribution of photon number in a weak coherent state is governed by a ______ distribution.

Using true single-photon sources is the only way to mitigate photon number splitting attacks.

Match the following concepts with their corresponding descriptions:

The biggest limiting factor in quantum communication is ______, which grows exponentially with distance.

When Alice decomposes her qubit in the Bell basis, what is the result?

Match the following Bell states with the corresponding Bob's state required to maintain the initial phase of |ψ⟩:

What operations does Bob need to apply to his qubit to recover the original state |ψ⟩ based on each of the Bell states measured by Alice?

What does the term 'non-locality' refer to in the context of quantum mechanics?

Quantum teleportation is a method of transmitting a qubit from one location to another without physically sending the qubit.

The 'locality' loophole in Bell's theorem arises from the possibility that measurement settings might be communicated between detectors faster than the speed of light.

Quantum teleportation does not have any practical applications in quantum communication as direct transmission of qubits is more efficient.

What is the significance of entanglement swapping in quantum communication?

Bell's theorem provides a statistical limit on correlations possible in a ______ theory.

Match the following terms with their corresponding definitions:

What is the primary reason why direct transmission of photons in quantum communication is limited?

Which of the following is NOT a primary loophole that experimentalists are concerned with in relation to Bell's theorem?

The 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded for advancements in experimental violations of Bell's inequality.

What is the significance of Bell's theorem in the context of quantum mechanics?

The ______ loophole is addressed by changing the measurement settings randomly and sufficiently fast.

What is the primary reason for Alice and Bob to use the singlet Bell state |Ψ− ⟩ in their quantum communication protocol?

The choice of measurement angles A ∈ {0◦ , 45◦ } and B ∈ {22.5◦ , 67.5◦ } is chosen for its ability to violate Bell's inequality, thereby ensuring security by quantum mechanics.

What is the significance of Alice and Bob matching their measurement bases in the protocol?

In the context of quantum teleportation, the term "quantum information teleportation" is a more accurate description of the process because ______.

Match the following terms with their corresponding definitions from the text:

Which of the following is NOT a step in the quantum teleportation protocol?

Quantum teleportation is a process that involves actually moving a physical object from one location to another.

What is the goal of the quantum teleportation protocol from Alice's perspective?

What is the primary function of a quantum repeater in the context of entanglement distribution?

The process of entanglement swapping involves physically interacting qubits between Alice and Bob.

What fundamental protocol is used to implement entanglement swapping?

Measurement-based quantum computing relies on a large-scale _________ state as a resource.

Measurement-based quantum computation uses a series of gates applied sequentially, similar to traditional circuit models.

Match the following terms with their related concepts:

What is the primary difference between quantum teleportation and measurement-based quantum computing?

How does the action of measuring a qubit in different bases affect the entangled state in measurement-based quantum computation?