Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following variables is an example of a quantitative variable?
Which of the following variables is an example of a quantitative variable?
- Type of waste (dried leaves, recyclables, food scraps)
- Social class (poor, middle, rich)
- Number of cups of rice consumed per meal (correct)
- Satisfaction level on a conservation program (unsatisfied, satisfied, highly satisfied)
A variable measured on an ordinal scale has a true zero point.
A variable measured on an ordinal scale has a true zero point.
False (B)
What level of measurement is exemplified by 'Birth order (First born, second born, etc.)'?
What level of measurement is exemplified by 'Birth order (First born, second born, etc.)'?
Ordinal
In statistics, the process of determining the value or label of a particular variable for a particular element is known as ______.
In statistics, the process of determining the value or label of a particular variable for a particular element is known as ______.
Match the level of measurement with the appropriate example:
Match the level of measurement with the appropriate example:
Which level of measurement is characterized by categories that are distinct, non-overlapping, exhaustive, and of equal importance?
Which level of measurement is characterized by categories that are distinct, non-overlapping, exhaustive, and of equal importance?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of interval level of measurement?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of interval level of measurement?
Provide an example, not from the given text, of data measured at the ratio level.
Provide an example, not from the given text, of data measured at the ratio level.
Which of the following best characterizes statistics as a field?
Which of the following best characterizes statistics as a field?
Statistics is primarily useful for analyzing past events and has limited application in predicting future trends.
Statistics is primarily useful for analyzing past events and has limited application in predicting future trends.
Give an example, not provided in the text, of how statistics might be used to compare different subpopulations within a society.
Give an example, not provided in the text, of how statistics might be used to compare different subpopulations within a society.
The use of statistics to understand how absences in a lecture class affects final grades is an example of studying ______ relationships.
The use of statistics to understand how absences in a lecture class affects final grades is an example of studying ______ relationships.
What is the primary role of statistics in social sciences?
What is the primary role of statistics in social sciences?
Which example illustrates how statistics can be used to explain social phenomena?
Which example illustrates how statistics can be used to explain social phenomena?
Match the statistical use with its respective application.
Match the statistical use with its respective application.
If a study finds a strong correlation between ice cream sales and crime rates, which conclusion is most appropriate?
If a study finds a strong correlation between ice cream sales and crime rates, which conclusion is most appropriate?
Which level of measurement possesses a true zero point, indicating the complete absence of the characteristic being measured?
Which level of measurement possesses a true zero point, indicating the complete absence of the characteristic being measured?
The daily maximum temperature measured in Celsius is an example of ratio scale.
The daily maximum temperature measured in Celsius is an example of ratio scale.
What is the level of measurement for categorizing types of waste (e.g., dried leaves, recyclables, food scraps)?
What is the level of measurement for categorizing types of waste (e.g., dried leaves, recyclables, food scraps)?
A summary measure describing a specific characteristic of the population is known as a ________.
A summary measure describing a specific characteristic of the population is known as a ________.
Which of the following levels of measurement allows for all algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division) to be performed?
Which of the following levels of measurement allows for all algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division) to be performed?
In a statistical study, what does the term 'population' refer to?
In a statistical study, what does the term 'population' refer to?
Match each level of measurement with the appropriate operation that can be performed:
Match each level of measurement with the appropriate operation that can be performed:
A sample always includes every member of the population being studied.
A sample always includes every member of the population being studied.
If you are analyzing 'satisfaction level' (unsatisfied, satisfied, highly satisfied), which level of measurement are you working with?
If you are analyzing 'satisfaction level' (unsatisfied, satisfied, highly satisfied), which level of measurement are you working with?
Why is the level of measurement an important consideration when choosing a statistical tool?
Why is the level of measurement an important consideration when choosing a statistical tool?
Define what a 'variable' is in the context of statistics.
Define what a 'variable' is in the context of statistics.
The actual value that a variable takes for a particular element is known as an ______.
The actual value that a variable takes for a particular element is known as an ______.
Which of the following is the best example of a qualitative variable?
Which of the following is the best example of a qualitative variable?
In a study examining the effects of a new fertilizer on crop yield, researchers collect data from 500 randomly selected farms across the country. Which of the following is the sample in this study?
In a study examining the effects of a new fertilizer on crop yield, researchers collect data from 500 randomly selected farms across the country. Which of the following is the sample in this study?
Which of the following is the best example of a research question that aims to understand a population?
Which of the following is the best example of a research question that aims to understand a population?
Match the following statistical terms with their definitions:
Match the following statistical terms with their definitions:
In a study examining the percentage of students who own laptops at a university, what would be considered a parameter?
In a study examining the percentage of students who own laptops at a university, what would be considered a parameter?
Descriptive statistics involves making predictions or generalizations about a population based on data from a sample.
Descriptive statistics involves making predictions or generalizations about a population based on data from a sample.
A researcher collects data from a sample of voters to predict the outcome of an election. Is this an example of descriptive or inferential statistics?
A researcher collects data from a sample of voters to predict the outcome of an election. Is this an example of descriptive or inferential statistics?
A __________ is a numerical summary of a sample, while a __________ is a numerical summary of a population.
A __________ is a numerical summary of a sample, while a __________ is a numerical summary of a population.
Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the use of inferential statistics?
Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the use of inferential statistics?
In a study, a researcher finds that 70% of the sampled patients respond positively to a new drug. What statistical term best describes this value?
In a study, a researcher finds that 70% of the sampled patients respond positively to a new drug. What statistical term best describes this value?
If a university reports the average age of all its students, is this value considered a parameter or a statistic?
If a university reports the average age of all its students, is this value considered a parameter or a statistic?
Flashcards
Statistics
Statistics
A body of knowledge dealing with the collection, organization, presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data.
Statistics (Numerical)
Statistics (Numerical)
Numerical figures or facts systematically collected and presented.
Descriptive Statistics
Descriptive Statistics
To summarize and describe the main features of data from a population.
Describe Population
Describe Population
Signup and view all the flashcards
Compare Subpopulations
Compare Subpopulations
Signup and view all the flashcards
Explain a Phenomenon
Explain a Phenomenon
Signup and view all the flashcards
Predict Future Phenomena
Predict Future Phenomena
Signup and view all the flashcards
Population
Population
Signup and view all the flashcards
Sample
Sample
Signup and view all the flashcards
Variable
Variable
Signup and view all the flashcards
Observation
Observation
Signup and view all the flashcards
Data
Data
Signup and view all the flashcards
Qualitative Variable
Qualitative Variable
Signup and view all the flashcards
Population (voting example)
Population (voting example)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Sample (voting example)
Sample (voting example)
Signup and view all the flashcards
IQ Score
IQ Score
Signup and view all the flashcards
Nominal Level
Nominal Level
Signup and view all the flashcards
Ordinal Level
Ordinal Level
Signup and view all the flashcards
Interval Level
Interval Level
Signup and view all the flashcards
Ratio Level
Ratio Level
Signup and view all the flashcards
Measurement
Measurement
Signup and view all the flashcards
Parameter
Parameter
Signup and view all the flashcards
Interval Level
Interval Level
Signup and view all the flashcards
Level of Measurement: Importance
Level of Measurement: Importance
Signup and view all the flashcards
Example of Ordinal Variable
Example of Ordinal Variable
Signup and view all the flashcards
Example of Quantitative Variable
Example of Quantitative Variable
Signup and view all the flashcards
Example of Nominal Variable
Example of Nominal Variable
Signup and view all the flashcards
Inferential Statistics
Inferential Statistics
Signup and view all the flashcards
90% and 80% in the example.
90% and 80% in the example.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Staff used descriptive statistics?
Staff used descriptive statistics?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
Definition of Statistics
- Statistics is a body of knowledge and science.
- It deals with collection, organization, presentation, interpretation, and analysis methods.
Uses of Statistics
- Describe the general characteristics of a population, for example Filipinos spend 10 hours on average online.
- Compare different subpopulations, such as Filipino women outliving their male counterparts by six years.
- It explains phenomena in a population, for example the political experience of a presidential candidate is the most important attribute for 25% of Filipino millennial voters
- Statistics predicts future phenomena in the population.
- For example, a male with a longer index finger than ring finger is 33% less likely to develop prostate cancer.
- Statistics can describe relationships between characteristics of elements in a population.
- For example, a strong positive relationship exists between divorce rates and margarine consumption in Maine, U.S.A
- Study the cause-and-effect, such as a six-point decrease in STAT 166 final standing for each lecture absence.
- Statistics is a useful took in decision making
Population vs Sample
- Population: A collection of all elements under consideration in a statistical study.
- Sample: A part or subset of the population from which information is collected.
- Example: A study on voting behavior and preferences in the Philippines:
- Population is all registered Filipino voters
- Sample is a subset of registered Filipino voters
Variable, Observation and Data
- Variable: A characteristic or attribute of elements in a collection that can assume different values.
- Observation: The realized value of a variable.
- Data: A collection of observations.
- Examples of Values:
- Sex of students.
- Household size.
- Favorite color of women.
- Support for Marijuana legalization.
- Number of cups of rice per meal.
- Length of service in years of employees.
Types of Variables
- Qualitative Variable: Variables that have labels or names assigned to categories.
- Examples: Sex of students, favorite color of women, support for marijuana legalization.
- Quantitative Variable: Variables that are measured or counted in numbers.
- Examples: Household size, number of cups of rice consumed, length of service.
Levels of measurement
- Measurement is the determination of the value or label of a variable for an element based on observations.
- Levels of measure include, nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio.
- Nominal: Numbers classify elements into distinct, non-overlapping and equal categories.
- Example: Sex of students (1 for male, 2 for female)
- Ordinal: Numbers classify elements into distinct categories arranged by magnitude.
- Example: UP student classification (Freshman, Sophomore, Junior, Senior)
- Interval: Numbers classify elements into distinct categories, arranged by magnitude, with a fixed unit of measurement but no true zero
- Example: Daily maximum temperature in Celsius.
- Ratio: Numbers classify elements, arranged by magnitude, with a fixed unit and an absolute zero.
- Example: Number of cups of rice per meal.
- The level of measurement influences the choice of statistical tool for data analysis
- Statistical tools include equality for nominal data, greater than or less than for ordinal data, difference or sum for interval data, and all algebraic operations for ratio data
Parameter vs Statistic
- Parameter: A summary measure describing a population characteristic.
- Statistic: A summary measure describing a sample characteristic.
- Example: If 60 of 100 STAT 166 students own an android phone, the parameter is 60%.
- If a random sample of 10 students shows that 8 own an android phone, the statistic is 80%.
Major areas in Statistics
- Descriptive Statistics: Uses techniques to organize, summarize, and present data collected from a sample or population.
- Example: Observing a change in Filipino immigrants to the US between 2014-2019 using US Census Bureau data.
- Inferential Statistics: Uses techniques to analyze sample data, leading to generalizations about the population.
- Example: Concluding that rats are smart and comparable to humans in decision-making based on a random sample of rats. Samples can be descriptive statistics to characterize the samples, but no generations can be made for the entire population
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
