Quantifying Sensitivity and Bias
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Questions and Answers

Which distribution is used to represent the noise in signal detection theory?

  • Normal distribution (correct)
  • Poisson distribution
  • Uniform distribution
  • Exponential distribution

    • What is the measure used to express deviation from the mean in the standard normal distribution?

  • Standard deviation
  • Z-score (correct)
  • Mean deviation
  • Variance

    • What does the criterion (c) represent in signal detection theory?

  • Perceived intensity
  • Probability of occurrence
  • Threshold or bias (correct)
  • Baseline intensity

    • What happens to the average intensity when a signal is added to the noise?

    <p>Average intensity increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what does the symbol d' represent?

    <p>The strength of the internal perceptual signal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Signal Detection Theory, what does a d' value of 0 indicate?

    <p>The observer cannot distinguish signals from noise at all</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four possible outcomes in the response matrix?

    <p>Hit, Correct Rejection, Miss, False Alarm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the percentages of hits and misses computed in the response matrix?

    <p>Hits are computed over the number of bags with dangerous stuff, while misses are computed over the total number of bags with dangerous stuff</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what factor did the manager fail to take into account when constructing the pay-off matrix?

    <p>The likelihood of occurrence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'expected value' refer to in the context of the pay-off matrix?

    <p>The probability of occurrence multiplied by the nominal value</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likelihood of a bag being dangerous in the hypothetical scenario described in the text?

    <p>1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What strategy does the text suggest for a doctor deciding whether to operate on a young woman with a breast lump?

    <p>Follow a conservative treatment path</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Signal detection theory is concerned with

    <p>the differentiation between signals and noise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of internal noise in perception?

    <p>Seeing bright dots and blobs when closing your eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does external noise affect perception?

    <p>It hinders the detection of relevant objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what situations can noise be a serious problem?

    <p>Looking for tumors in X-ray images</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hit rate after training and using new image-enhancing software?

    <p>0.90</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the false alarm rate after lowering the criterion for what counts as dangerous?

    <p>0.45</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Signal Detection Theory (SDT), what does it mean to adopt a liberal criterion?

    <p>The observer accepts relatively little perceptual evidence for making a positive response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In SDT, what does it mean to adopt a conservative criterion?

    <p>The observer requires relatively strong perceptual evidence before making a positive response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the symbol used in SDT to represent the criterion or bias?

    <p>β</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between biases (criterion shifts) and sensitivity in SDT?

    <p>Biases refer to shifts in responses towards hits or correct rejections, while sensitivity refers to the ability to detect signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area under the curve in Figure 6 represents the proportion of hits given that the signal exceeds the criterion?

    <p>The blue area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area under the curve in Figure 6 represents the proportion of false alarms given that it is noise which exceeds the criterion?

    <p>The dark purple area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area under the curve in Figure 6 represents the proportion of correct rejections given that there is no signal?

    <p>The red area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area under the curve in Figure 6 represents the proportion of misses?

    <p>The magenta area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Figure 6, where does the neutral criterion lie?

    <p>Exactly in between the noise and noise+signal distributions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Figure 6, which distribution does the dark purple area represent?

    <p>The noise+signal distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the blue area under the curve in Figure 6 represent?

    <p>The proportion of hits given that the signal exceeds the criterion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the red area under the curve in Figure 6 represent?

    <p>The proportion of correct rejections given that there is no signal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the dark purple area under the curve in Figure 6 represent?

    <p>The proportion of false alarms given that it is noise which exceeds the criterion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the magenta area under the curve in Figure 6 represent?

    <p>The proportion of misses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which distribution is used to represent the noise in signal detection theory?

    <p>The noise distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the neutral criterion lie in Figure 6?

    <p>Exactly in between the noise and noise+signal distributions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four possible outcomes in the response matrix?

    <p>Hits, misses, correct rejections, false alarms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the symbol d' represent in signal detection theory?

    <p>The measure of sensitivity or discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the symbol c represent in signal detection theory?

    <p>The measure of bias or criterion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between biases (criterion shifts) and sensitivity in signal detection theory?

    <p>Biases represent the measure of bias or criterion, while sensitivity represents the measure of sensitivity or discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

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