Quantifying Sensitivity and Bias

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Questions and Answers

Which distribution is used to represent the noise in signal detection theory?

  • Normal distribution (correct)
  • Poisson distribution
  • Uniform distribution
  • Exponential distribution

What is the measure used to express deviation from the mean in the standard normal distribution?

  • Standard deviation
  • Z-score (correct)
  • Mean deviation
  • Variance

What does the criterion (c) represent in signal detection theory?

  • Perceived intensity
  • Probability of occurrence
  • Threshold or bias (correct)
  • Baseline intensity

What happens to the average intensity when a signal is added to the noise?

<p>Average intensity increases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what does the symbol d' represent?

<p>The strength of the internal perceptual signal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Signal Detection Theory, what does a d' value of 0 indicate?

<p>The observer cannot distinguish signals from noise at all (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four possible outcomes in the response matrix?

<p>Hit, Correct Rejection, Miss, False Alarm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are the percentages of hits and misses computed in the response matrix?

<p>Hits are computed over the number of bags with dangerous stuff, while misses are computed over the total number of bags with dangerous stuff (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what factor did the manager fail to take into account when constructing the pay-off matrix?

<p>The likelihood of occurrence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'expected value' refer to in the context of the pay-off matrix?

<p>The probability of occurrence multiplied by the nominal value (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the likelihood of a bag being dangerous in the hypothetical scenario described in the text?

<p>1% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What strategy does the text suggest for a doctor deciding whether to operate on a young woman with a breast lump?

<p>Follow a conservative treatment path (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Signal detection theory is concerned with

<p>the differentiation between signals and noise (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of internal noise in perception?

<p>Seeing bright dots and blobs when closing your eyes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does external noise affect perception?

<p>It hinders the detection of relevant objects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what situations can noise be a serious problem?

<p>Looking for tumors in X-ray images (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hit rate after training and using new image-enhancing software?

<p>0.90 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the false alarm rate after lowering the criterion for what counts as dangerous?

<p>0.45 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Signal Detection Theory (SDT), what does it mean to adopt a liberal criterion?

<p>The observer accepts relatively little perceptual evidence for making a positive response (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In SDT, what does it mean to adopt a conservative criterion?

<p>The observer requires relatively strong perceptual evidence before making a positive response (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the symbol used in SDT to represent the criterion or bias?

<p>β (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between biases (criterion shifts) and sensitivity in SDT?

<p>Biases refer to shifts in responses towards hits or correct rejections, while sensitivity refers to the ability to detect signals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which area under the curve in Figure 6 represents the proportion of hits given that the signal exceeds the criterion?

<p>The blue area (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which area under the curve in Figure 6 represents the proportion of false alarms given that it is noise which exceeds the criterion?

<p>The dark purple area (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which area under the curve in Figure 6 represents the proportion of correct rejections given that there is no signal?

<p>The red area (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which area under the curve in Figure 6 represents the proportion of misses?

<p>The magenta area (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Figure 6, where does the neutral criterion lie?

<p>Exactly in between the noise and noise+signal distributions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Figure 6, which distribution does the dark purple area represent?

<p>The noise+signal distribution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the blue area under the curve in Figure 6 represent?

<p>The proportion of hits given that the signal exceeds the criterion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the red area under the curve in Figure 6 represent?

<p>The proportion of correct rejections given that there is no signal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the dark purple area under the curve in Figure 6 represent?

<p>The proportion of false alarms given that it is noise which exceeds the criterion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the magenta area under the curve in Figure 6 represent?

<p>The proportion of misses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which distribution is used to represent the noise in signal detection theory?

<p>The noise distribution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the neutral criterion lie in Figure 6?

<p>Exactly in between the noise and noise+signal distributions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four possible outcomes in the response matrix?

<p>Hits, misses, correct rejections, false alarms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the symbol d' represent in signal detection theory?

<p>The measure of sensitivity or discrimination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the symbol c represent in signal detection theory?

<p>The measure of bias or criterion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between biases (criterion shifts) and sensitivity in signal detection theory?

<p>Biases represent the measure of bias or criterion, while sensitivity represents the measure of sensitivity or discrimination (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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