Quality Control: Definition and Principles
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of Total Quality Management (TQM)?

  • Employee Empowerment
  • Quality Control
  • Productivity Improvement
  • Customer Satisfaction (correct)

    • When did the concept of Quality Control emerge as a distinct discipline in the United States?

  • 1920s (correct)
  • 1980s
  • 1990s
  • 1960s

    • Who developed the philosophy of TQM in Japan in the 1960s?

  • Dr. J.M. Juran
  • Dr. W. Edward Deming
  • Both Dr. J.M. Juran and Dr. W. Edward Deming (correct)
  • None of the above

    • What is the primary objective of TQM?

    <p>Enhancing Customer Satisfaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the limitations of TQM?

    <p>TQM is a slow moving process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the elements of TQM?

    <p>Total Focus on the Customer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of TQM in terms of productivity?

    <p>Increasing Productivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the principles of Deming's 14 Points for Management?

    <p>Create Constancy of Purpose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of TQM in terms of quality improvement?

    <p>Preventing Defects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the advantages of TQM in terms of employee involvement?

    <p>Enhancing Teamwork</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of Quality Control?

    <p>To achieve required standards of products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of quality control in a production process?

    <p>To produce optimum quality products at minimum cost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting quality?

    <p>Marketing strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of quality in terms of a product's purpose?

    <p>Fitness for purpose at lowest cost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the Quality Control department?

    <p>To suggest methods to prevent manufacturing difficulties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between control and inspection?

    <p>Control involves taking corrective action, while inspection involves measuring and checking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of Quality Control in terms of reputation?

    <p>Improves reputation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'totality of features and characteristics' of a product or service?

    <p>Quality is the 'totality of features and characteristics' of a product or service</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Total Quality Management (TQM) primarily focused on?

    <p>Embedding awareness of quality in all organizational processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of 'Total' in Total Quality Management?

    <p>Involving the entire organization, supply chain, and/or product life cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is quality control a systematic control of?

    <p>Various factors that affect the quality of the product</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of Total Quality Management?

    <p>Long-term success through customer satisfaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the factors that affect the quality of a product, according to the definition of quality control?

    <p>Material, tools, machines, type of labor, working conditions, measuring instruments, etc.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Quality Control in the production process?

    <p>To make things right rather than discovering and rejecting those made wrong</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of quality control?

    <p>To ensure the production of optimum quality products at minimum cost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of quality in terms of customer needs?

    <p>The degree to which it fulfills the requirements of the customer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of effective Quality Control?

    <p>Uniformity in quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of Quality Control according to Alford and Beatly?

    <p>Industrial management technique for manufacturing products of uniform accepted quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of quality?

    <p>It is relative and can only be judged by comparing with standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of inspection in quality control?

    <p>To separate defective items from non-defective ones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of inspiring workers to stay competitive in the market?

    <p>To remind them of the importance of job stability and new opportunities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it necessary to adopt new philosophies in the market?

    <p>To adapt to changing customer demands and technology revolutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main drawback of mass inspection?

    <p>It results in waste of raw materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main benefit of moving towards a single supplier for any item?

    <p>It reduces total cost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it necessary to constantly improve the system of production and service?

    <p>To catch up with the competitive market</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main benefit of training on the job?

    <p>It increases employee productivity and quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it necessary to drive out fear in the workplace?

    <p>To increase quality and productivity of work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main benefit of breaking down barriers between staff areas?

    <p>It takes the company to better quality assurance management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main drawback of having numerical goals for the workforce?

    <p>It calls for more quantity in production than focusing on quality control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main benefit of instituting a vigorous program of education and training?

    <p>It lets employees grow and learn new technology and techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Quality Control

    • Definition of Quality: Fitness for purpose at lowest cost, satisfying customer needs, and degree of perfection.
    • Quality Control: Systematic control of factors affecting product quality, ensuring optimum quality at minimum cost.

    Factors Affecting Quality

    • Men, materials, machines, and manufacturing conditions
    • Market research, money, management, production methods, and product design

    Objectives of Quality Control

    • Set standards for quality that are acceptable to customers and economical to maintain
    • Improve quality standards
    • Prevent and solve quality deviations during manufacturing
    • Ensure uniform quality products

    Functions of Quality Control Department

    • Suggest methods to prevent manufacturing difficulties
    • Reject defective goods
    • Investigate and correct quality control breakdowns
    • Correct and rehabilitate defective goods

    Advantages of Quality Control

    • Improved product quality and sales
    • Reduced waste and manufacturing costs
    • Improved reputation and manufacturer-consumer relations
    • Uniformity in quality and reduced inspection costs

    Total Quality Management (TQM)

    • Definition: A management approach focused on quality, based on participation of all members, aiming for long-term success through customer satisfaction.
    • TQM is composed of three paradigms: Total, Quality, and Management.
    • Originated in the United States in the 1920s and developed in Japan in the 1960s.

    Elements of TQM

    • Sustained management commitment to quality
    • Total focus on the customer
    • Preventing defects rather than detecting them
    • Universal quality responsibility
    • Quality measurement, continuous improvement, and root cause corrective actions
    • Employee involvement and empowerment, focus on team synergy, thinking statistically, benchmarking, and training
    • Supplier teaming

    Objectives of TQM

    • Achieve higher customer satisfaction through collective effort
    • Provide goods and services with zero defects
    • Educate and train managers and employees
    • Focus on productivity and quality improvement
    • Enhance communication in the organization

    Advantages of TQM

    • Enhanced customer satisfaction
    • Total change in organization working culture
    • Increased productivity and efficiency
    • Incorporation of advanced production techniques
    • Development of new products and skills
    • Enhanced teamwork, reduced rework, and reduced inventory
    • Increased profitability

    Limitations of TQM

    • Slow implementation process
    • Requires total change in management and employee outlook
    • Success depends on participative management
    • Difficult to implement in developing economies

    Deming's 14 Quality Principles

    • Create constancy of purpose for improvement of product and service
    • Adopt the new philosophy
    • Cease dependence on mass inspection
    • End the practice of awarding business on price tag alone
    • Constantly and forever improve the system of production and service
    • Institute modern methods of training on the job
    • Institute modern methods of supervision
    • Drive out fear
    • Break down barriers between staff areas
    • Eliminate numerical goals for the work force
    • Eliminate work standards and numerical quotas
    • Remove barriers that hinder the hourly worker
    • Institute a vigorous program of education and training
    • Create a situation in top management that will push every day on the above points

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    Description

    Learn about the concept of quality, its definition, and principles. Understand how quality is related to cost and customer needs, and how it is defined as fitness for purpose.

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