Qualitative Research Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is a key characteristic of qualitative research?

  • Focuses on broad statistical sampling.
  • Collects and interprets non-numeric data. (correct)
  • Involves strictly numeric data analysis.
  • Uses only quantitative methods for data collection.

Which component is NOT part of trustworthiness in qualitative research?

  • Transferability
  • Confirmability
  • Experimental Validity (correct)
  • Credibility

Which method is used in qualitative research for gathering in-depth insights from individuals?

  • Surveys
  • Randomized Trials
  • Large Scale Experiments
  • Focus Groups (correct)

What does internal validity ensure in experimental research?

<p>The treatment caused the observed changes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a threat to external validity?

<p>Sample selection biases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which qualitative data collection method includes creating detailed field notes?

<p>Observations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is triangulation in qualitative research?

<p>Using several sources to support conclusions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of research design involves a group that is tracked over time but lacks random assignment?

<p>Quasi-Experimental Design (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which study design involves matching participants with and without a condition?

<p>Case-Controlled Study (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of a systematic review?

<p>To summarize research on a specific topic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of regression analysis, what does logistic regression specifically predict?

<p>Binary outcomes, such as yes/no (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which step is NOT part of the meta-analysis process?

<p>Literature Review (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of correlation analysis?

<p>Examining the relationship between two or more variables (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is essential for effective Meta-Analysis?

<p>Bias Control (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In research synthesis, what distinguishes a literature review from research synthesis?

<p>Literature reviews have a clearly defined purpose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does homogeneity testing ensure in a meta-analysis?

<p>Consistency among studies included in the analysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Qualitative Research

  • Involves collecting and analyzing non-numeric data (e.g., language, text)
  • Applied across disciplines like anthropology, psychology, sociology, and kinesiology
  • Also known as ethnographic, grounded theory, phenomenological, etc.
  • The research process includes defining the research problem, formulating research questions and a theoretical framework, and collecting data
  • Data collection methods include interviews, focus groups, and observations
  • Trustworthiness is crucial for ensuring the applicability, consistency, neutrality of data
  • Trustworthiness components include credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability
  • Prolonged engagement, audit trails, thick descriptions help with data quality
  • Understanding researcher bias and minimizing bias is crucial for ensuring trustworthiness
  • Triangulation (using multiple sources for supporting conclusions) and member checking (validating findings with participants) are key techniques for ensuring data validity

Experimental & Quasi-Experimental Research

  • Used to establish cause-and-effect relationships
  • A good theoretical framework, experimental design, appropriate variables and statistical analyses are crucial
  • Criteria for establishing causality includes: the cause must precede the effect, cause and effect must correlate, and no other variable should explain the correlation
  • Types of validity include internal validity (ensures the treatment cause observed changes) and external validity (generalizability to other contexts)
  • Threats to internal validity include history, maturation, testing effects, selection biases
  • Threats to external validity include interaction of testing with treatment, biases in participant selection
  • Experimental designs include pre-experimental, experimental, and quasi-experimental designs

Epidemiology

  • Involves the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to the control of health problems
  • Observational research examines natural differences without intervention, while experimental research tests the effects of treatments (ethically limited)
  • Key epidemiological concepts include distribution (frequency, patterns) and determinants (characteristics affecting health)
  • Common study designs include cross-sectional studies, cohort studies, and case-control studies

Correlation & Regression

  • Correlation examines relationships between two or more variables
  • Types of correlation include positive (direct relationship) and negative (inverse relationship)
  • Large samples improve the detection of significant relationships
  • Regression predicts outcomes based on one or more predictor variables
  • Simple regression predicts outcomes based on a single predictor variable, while multiple regression uses several predictors for a more complex outcome
  • Logistic regression predicts binary outcomes (e.g., yes/no)

Research Synthesis and Meta-Analysis

  • A research synthesis defines a clear purpose before starting a literature review, while a literature review is often exploratory, focused on identifying a research purpose
  • Meta-analysis involves analyzing data from multiple studies using a standard metric
  • Key steps in a meta-analysis include identifying the problem, searching for relevant literature, reviewing studies, evaluating and coding data, calculating effect sizes, performing statistical analysis, and reporting findings
  • Meta-analysis can be used to answer research questions, synthesize research findings, and draw conclusions from multiple studies
  • Systematic reviews are used to summarize research on a specific topic without the quantitative focus of meta-analysis
  • Key steps in a systematic review include forming a team, registering the review, screening studies for eligibility, and including relevant studies in the review
  • Flowcharts are used to visually track the steps in a systematic review, from identification to inclusion of studies
  • Considerations in meta-analysis include effect size coding, homogeneity testing, and bias control
  • Systematic reviews are essential for evidence-based practice because they provide a comprehensive summary of the available research on a specific topic, promoting informed decision-making in various fields

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