10 Questions
What is the primary aim of grounded theory research?
To generate or discover a theory that can be used as a framework for further research
What are the six steps of qualitative research?
Topic research and research question, Literature review, Research design, Data collection, Data analysis, Reporting
What is the difference between inductive and deductive research?
Inductive research involves observations, patterns, and tentative hypothesis, while deductive research involves theory, hypothesis, and observations
What are the three kinds of qualitative research?
Case studies, Ethnography, Grounded theory
What is the importance of access in qualitative research?
Access increases overtime, establishes trust, and considers different levels of access and point of view
What is the difference between conducting research and having knowledge about research?
Conducting research involves creating, evaluating, analyzing, applying, understanding, and remembering, while having knowledge about research involves only remembering
What are the three roles of researchers according to Adler and Adler?
Peripheral, Active, Complete member
What are the four types of case studies?
Explanatory, Revelatory, Multiple, Intrinsic
What are the dimensions of observations?
Physical, Social, Activity, Communication
What are the nine ethical takeaways for qualitative research?
Do no harm, Privacy & anonymity, Confidentiality, Informed consent, Rapport & friendship, Intrusiveness, Inappropriate behavior, Data integration, Data ownership
Study Notes
Qualitative Research Characteristics
- Specific
- Empirical
- Critical
- Iterative
6 Steps of Qualitative Research
- Topic research and research question
- Literature review
- Research design
- Data collection
- Data analysis
- Reporting
Inductive and Deductive Approaches
Inductive
- Observations
- Patterns
- Tentative hypothesis
- Theory
Deductive
- Theory
- Hypothesis
- Observations
- Confirmation
Research Roles
- Peripheral
- Active
- Complete member
Access in Research
- Increases over time
- Establish trust
- Different levels of access are good
- Consider their point of view
Conducting Research vs. Having Knowledge
- Creating
- Evaluating
- Analyzing
- Applying
- Understanding
- Remembering
Types of Case Studies
- Explanatory
- Revelatory
- Multiple
- Intrinsic
Grounded Theory
- Aim to generate or discover a theory for a framework for further research
Types of Qualitative Research
- Case studies
- Ethnography
- Grounded theory
Research Design
- Goals
- Conceptual framework
- Research question
- Methods
- Validity
Sampling Methods
- Convenience
- Snowballing
- Typical
- Extreme
- Theoretical
- Purposeful
Structure of Interview Questions
- Orientating
- Initial
- Deeper
- Wrap up
Probing Techniques
- Detail-oriented
- Elaborating
- Clarification
- Comparing
- Silent
- Echo
Overcoming Common Problems
- Over talkative
- Redirect
- Reduce affirmative signals
- Shy
- Increase affirmative signals
- Confirm
- Probing
- Skeptical
- Good intro
- Confirm
- Think of deleting questions
Observations
- As good as your preparation
- Additional, not definitive
Good Observations Require
- Skills
- Training
- Good preparation
Observation Dimensions
- Physical
- Social
- Activity
- Communication
Online Observations
- Non-verbal cues are harder to spot
- Context collapse
- Mobility challenges
Iterative Qualitative Analysis
- Prepare raw data
- Primary code cycling
- Create a codebook
- Secondary code cycling
- Revisit literature
- Create relationships
Descriptive Tactics
- Counting
- Integrating
- Comparing
Explanatory Tactics
- Analyzing
- Factoring
- Revisit literature
- Create relationships
Ethical Takeaways
- Do no harm
- Privacy & anonymity
- Confidentiality
- Informed consent
- Rapport & friendship
- Intrusiveness
- Inappropriate behavior
- Data integration
- Data ownership
Results
- Thematic
- Comparison
- Narrative
Ethics Takeaways
- Treat informants with respect and dignity
- Keep things professional, be aware of boundaries
- Obtain, interpret, and share your data in a transparent manner
Trustworthiness
- Judged in terms of:
- Transferability
- Credibility
- Dependability
- Confirmability
Test your understanding of qualitative research principles, including characteristics, steps, and approaches. Explore inductive and deductive methods, and learn about research roles and access.
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