Upper Limb 3 - Spaces and the Cubital Fossa
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following structures supplies the deltoid and teres minor muscles?

  • Radial nerve
  • Axillary nerve (correct)
  • Musculocutaneous nerve
  • Median nerve

    • The Long head of the triceps brachii forms the lateral border of the Quadrangular Space.

    False

    Name one artery that passes through the Quadrangular Space.

    Posterior circumflex humeral artery

    The superior border of the Quadrangular Space is formed by the __________ muscle.

    <p>teres minor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following borders of the Quadrangular Space with their respective muscles or anatomy:

    <p>Superior Border = Teres minor muscle Inferior Border = Teres major muscle Medial Border = Long head of the triceps brachii Lateral Border = Surgical neck of the humerus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the quadrangular space clinically significant?

    <p>This space is clinically significant because impingement or injury to the axillary nerve within this region can result in weakness or paralysis of the deltoid muscle and sensory loss over the lateral shoulder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle forms the superior border of the Triangular Interval?

    <p>Teres major</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Radial nerve passes through the Triangular Interval and supplies the anterior compartment of the arm.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one artery that passes through the Triangular Interval.

    <p>Deep brachial artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Triangular Interval is bounded laterally by the __________ head of the triceps brachii.

    <p>lateral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following structures related to the Triangular Interval with their functions:

    <p>Radial nerve = Supplies the posterior compartment of the arm Deep brachial artery = Supplies blood to the posterior arm Teres major = Forms the superior border of the Triangular Interval Long head of triceps = Forms the medial border of the Triangular Interval</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition can result from compression or injury of the radial nerve in the clinically significant interval?

    <p>Wrist drop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the symptoms with the nerve affected:

    <p>Wrist drop = Radial nerve Ulnar claw = Ulnar nerve Carpal tunnel syndrome = Median nerve Foot drop = Common peroneal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main structure that passes through the Triangular Space?

    <p>Circumflex scapular artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What muscle forms the superior border of the Triangular Space?

    <p>Teres minor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The circumflex scapular artery is a branch of the __________ artery.

    <p>subscapular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following borders of the Triangular Space with their respective muscles:

    <p>Superior Border = Teres minor Inferior Border = Teres major Lateral Border = Long head of the triceps brachii</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a border of the Cubital Fossa?

    <p>Biceps brachii tendon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The median nerve is located lateral to the brachial artery in the Cubital Fossa.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ________ vein runs along the lateral side of the arm and is commonly used for venipuncture.

    <p>cephalic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following contents of the Cubital Fossa with their respective positions:

    <p>Radial nerve = Lateral to biceps tendon Biceps brachii tendon = Central position Brachial artery = Medial to biceps tendon Median nerve = Medial to brachial artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the cephalic vein typically empty its blood?

    <p>Into the axillary vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary location where the cephalic vein is commonly accessed for venipuncture?

    <p>Antecubital fossa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    On which side of the arm does the cephalic vein primarily run?

    <p>Lateral side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    ### Quadrangular Space

    • The Quadrangular Space is a passageway in the posterior shoulder.
    • It's bordered by muscles and the humerus.
    • Structures passing through the Quadrangular Space are essential for shoulder and arm movement.

    Borders of the Quadrangular Space

    • Superior: Teres minor muscle
    • Inferior: Teres major muscle
    • Medial: Long head of the triceps brachii
    • Lateral: Surgical neck of the humerus

    Contents of the Quadrangular Space

    • Axillary nerve: This nerve supplies the deltoid and teres minor muscles.
    • Posterior circumflex humeral artery: This artery supplies blood to the deltoid and surrounding shoulder area.

    Triangular Interval

    • The Triangular Interval is a space found in the posterior shoulder region.
    • It is also known as the Lateral Triangular Space or Triangular Hiatus.
    • It acts as a passageway for key neurovascular structures (nerves and blood vessels).
    • The superior border is formed by the Teres major muscle.
    • The medial border is formed by the long head of the triceps brachii muscle.
    • The lateral border is formed by the shaft of the humerus (lateral head of the triceps brachii).
    • The Radial nerve passes through, supplying the posterior compartment of the arm and forearm.
    • The Deep brachial artery (profunda brachii artery) also passes through, supplying blood to the posterior arm.

    Compression of the Radial Nerve

    • Compression or injury of the radial nerve in the area of the spiral groove can lead to wrist drop.
    • Wrist drop is a condition that causes weakness or paralysis of the muscles that extend the wrist and fingers, making it difficult to extend the wrist and fingers.
    • This compression can also lead to loss of sensation in parts of the posterior arm and hand.

    Triangular Space

    • Located in the posterior shoulder area
    • Bounded by three muscles:
      • Teres minor (superior)
      • Teres major (inferior)
      • Long head of triceps brachii (lateral)
    • Contains the circumflex scapular artery
    • Does not contain any major nerves
    • The circumflex scapular artery, a branch of the subscapular artery, is the only structure passing through the triangular space
    • Supplies blood to the scapular region

    Cubital Fossa Anatomy

    • Triangular area on the front of the elbow
    • Passage for nerves and blood vessels
    • Borders:
      • Superior: Line between humerus epicondyles
      • Lateral: Brachioradialis muscle
      • Medial: Pronator teres muscle
      • Floor: Brachialis and supinator muscles
      • Roof: Bicipital aponeurosis, fascia, and skin

    Structures within the Cubital Fossa

    • Lateral to medial:
      • Radial nerve: Along lateral border, beneath brachioradialis
      • Biceps brachii tendon: Inserts onto radial tuberosity
      • Brachial artery: Medial to biceps tendon, branches into radial and ulnar arteries within the fossa
      • Median nerve: Medial to brachial artery

    Clinical Significance

    • Venipuncture: Common site, particularly in the antecubital fossa (near the elbow)
    • Blood pressure measurement: Also conducted in the antecubital fossa
    • Nerve injuries: Can be identified in this area

    Cephalic Vein

    • Located on the lateral (thumb) side of the arm
    • Superficial and easily visible
    • Common site for venipuncture, especially when other veins are inaccessible

    Cephalic Vein

    • The cephalic vein is a common site for venipuncture, particularly in the antecubital fossa (the area near the elbow).
    • Located on the lateral (thumb) side of the arm, making it easily accessible due to its superficial nature and visibility.
    • Drains blood from the lateral aspect of the forearm and arm.
    • Travels up the lateral side of the arm and empties into the axillary vein near the shoulder.
    • Collects blood from superficial tissues and occasionally communicates with the basilic vein via the median cubital vein in the antecubital fossa.

    Blood Supply of Hand

    • The hand's blood supply is primarily from the radial and ulnar arteries.
    • These arteries form two interconnected arches for efficient blood flow: the superficial palmar arch and the deep palmar arch.
    • The superficial palmar arch is mainly supplied by the ulnar artery, with contributions from the radial artery, supplying the fingers through common and proper palmar digital arteries.
    • The deep palmar arch is primarily formed by the radial artery, with contributions from the ulnar artery, supplying the palmar metacarpal arteries and deeper blood supply to the hand muscles and bones.
    • These arches create an anastomotic network, ensuring collateral blood flow to the hand and fingers even if one artery is compromised.

    Cephalic Vein

    • Commonly used for venipuncture - drawing blood.
    • Found in the antecubital fossa - the area near the elbow.
    • Located on the lateral side of the arm - the side with the thumb.
    • Its position makes it readily accessible.

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