quiz cameroun hard

Study Notes

The first inhabitants of Cameroon were likely the Baka hunter-gatherers.
However, by the 1st century AD, sedentary agriculturalists had developed in the south and east of the country, and the Baka were pushed back into the forests.
The Baka languages are spoken by people in southern and eastern Cameroon, as well as in Nigeria.
The first mention of the Cameroons is found in a Greek text, the Périple d'Hannon, which describes how a Carthaginois named Hannon reached the mountain peak called the Char des Dieux.
There is no archaeological evidence to support the claim that the Carthaginois actually reached the south coast.
Portuguese sailors may have entered the estuary of the Wouri in 1472, finding abundant shrimp there.
The first Europeans to arrive in Cameroon were the Portuguese.
The British and the Germans followed soon after.
The British were particularly interested in the country's agricultural potential, and they developed it heavily.
The Germans were more interested in the slave trade and in exploiting the country for its natural resources.
After World War II, the French replaced the British as the dominant colonial power.
The French tried to pacify the various rebellions that occurred, but they were often brutal in their methods.
The British and the Germans left Cameroon in the 1950s, and Cameroon became an independent country in 1960.
The country is still divided along ethnic lines, with the majority of the population living in the north.
The French are responsible for assisting each minister and have access to the reality of power in Cameroon. The Gaullist government preserves its dominance over the country through "cooperation agreements" touching on all sectors of sovereign Cameroonian authority. In the monetary area, Cameroon retains the franc CFA and entrusts its monetary policy to its former colonial power tutor. All strategic resources are exploited by France and military forces are maintained in Cameroon.
This leads to a period of violent repression against the UPC, ALNK, and its "Army of National Liberation of Cameroon," with French assistance, which lasts until the end of the 1960s. According to the book Kamerun! Une guerre cachée aux origines de la Françafrique, this is largely due to French officers directing clandestine operations of repression conducted by the Cameroonian army against the last remnants of the "upéciste" rebellion, primarily in the west of the country. Tortures, forced regroupment and displacement of population, extrajudicial executions, psychological warfare, villages razed or bombed with napalm, are gradually transmitted from French military officers to their Cameroonian counterparts, notably within the Interarmes Military School (EMIA), directed during this period by French officers trained in the doctrine of revolutionary war (DGR). The , a referendum leads to a unified state and ends federalism.
Paul Biya becomes president of the Republic on November 6, 1982, after the resignation of President Ahidjo. On April 6, 1984, he escapes a failed coup attempt carried out by members of the Presidential Guard. Many of the coup plotters are arrested and a few executed. Numerous other personalities are also arrested and imprisoned. As a result of the failed coup, Ahidjo is sentenced to death by contumacy and later pardoned by Biya. The repression targets primarily the North, where hundreds of people are killed. Biya resumes control of the ruling party, renamed the Democratic Rally of the Cameroonian People, and begins a structural adjustment program presented to him by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank: privatization, liberalization of the economy, reduction of social welfare expenditures, etc.
At the beginning of the 1990s, following civil disobedience campaigns called "Villes mortes" (Dead Cities) and riots, Biya accelerates the implementation of multipartyism. He eliminates legislation "against subversive activities" enacted by his predecessor, legalizing thus the freedom of association. This democratization has its limits: the government continues to resort to electoral fraud and uses the judicial and police apparatus to attack the opposition.
Cameroon is a republic with a president as its head of state.
The legislature, the National Assembly, is made up of two chambers: the House of Representatives, with 180 members, and the Senate, with 100 members.
The president has the power to define the country's political policy, something that is more akin to a democracy than a dictatorship.
There is often suppression of political dissent, with journalists, writers, labor leaders, and activists frequently arrested.
The 2008 constitutional reform bill passed with 157 votes in favor, 5 against, and 15 abstentions.