Podcast
Questions and Answers
At which stage of development is the plant most susceptible to sheath blight?
At which stage of development is the plant most susceptible to sheath blight?
What characteristic symptom is associated with brown spot disease?
What characteristic symptom is associated with brown spot disease?
Which fungal disease is characterized by small, black irregular lesions on outer leaf sheaths?
Which fungal disease is characterized by small, black irregular lesions on outer leaf sheaths?
Where are the brown spot symptoms most commonly found?
Where are the brown spot symptoms most commonly found?
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At which plant stage is sheath rot most severe?
At which plant stage is sheath rot most severe?
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What symptom is associated with infected grains in brown spot disease?
What symptom is associated with infected grains in brown spot disease?
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Which stage is not susceptible to sheath blight infection?
Which stage is not susceptible to sheath blight infection?
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In sheath rot disease, what is a significant symptom observed?
In sheath rot disease, what is a significant symptom observed?
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Which symptoms are characteristic of Bacterial Leaf Blight?
Which symptoms are characteristic of Bacterial Leaf Blight?
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During which growth stage are plants most susceptible to Tungro virus?
During which growth stage are plants most susceptible to Tungro virus?
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What is a common identifying mark of a Mole Cricket?
What is a common identifying mark of a Mole Cricket?
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Which disease is characterized by water-soaked stripes on leaves that later turn grayish white?
Which disease is characterized by water-soaked stripes on leaves that later turn grayish white?
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What are the initial symptoms of Grassy Stunt disease?
What are the initial symptoms of Grassy Stunt disease?
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What is the susceptible stage for Bacterial Leaf Streak?
What is the susceptible stage for Bacterial Leaf Streak?
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Which stage of rice is most affected by Ragged Stunt disease?
Which stage of rice is most affected by Ragged Stunt disease?
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What is a symptom of Bacterial Leaf Blight that distinguishes it from other diseases?
What is a symptom of Bacterial Leaf Blight that distinguishes it from other diseases?
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What growth stages of rice plants are most susceptible to Brown Planthoppers?
What growth stages of rice plants are most susceptible to Brown Planthoppers?
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What factors can increase the population of Brown Planthoppers?
What factors can increase the population of Brown Planthoppers?
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Which of the following is NOT a damage caused by White-Backed Planthoppers?
Which of the following is NOT a damage caused by White-Backed Planthoppers?
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What is the primary method of damage caused by both adults and nymphs of the Brown Planthopper?
What is the primary method of damage caused by both adults and nymphs of the Brown Planthopper?
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How many times do nymphs molt before becoming adults?
How many times do nymphs molt before becoming adults?
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Which characteristic is used to identify adults of the White-Backed Planthopper?
Which characteristic is used to identify adults of the White-Backed Planthopper?
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Which stage is the most effective for applying chemical insecticides to control larvae?
Which stage is the most effective for applying chemical insecticides to control larvae?
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What is the most common symptom of heavy infestation by Brown Planthoppers?
What is the most common symptom of heavy infestation by Brown Planthoppers?
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Study Notes
Major Pest and Plant Diseases of Rice and Their Management
- Plant diseases are disturbances that negatively impact a plant's structure, functions, and economic value
- These disturbances can include reduced vigor, early death, decreased yield, poor quality produce, and more
- Plant diseases are identified through the manifestation of diseased conditions (symptoms) and visible structures (signs)
- Pathogens can be living (biotic) or non-living (abiotic)
- Biotic agents can invade and colonize plant parts and other plants and are considered infectious/contagious
Epidemics
- An epidemic is a serious outbreak of a disease that rapidly increases in a large plant population
- These factors can influence increased likelihood of disease: high nitrogen fertilizer, overcast sky, light rain, low dew period, high humidity
The Triangle of Plant Disease
- A susceptible host
- A conductive environment
- A pathogen
Host
- A host is any plant capable of becoming infected by a pathogen
Pathogens
- Infectious plant diseases are caused by living (biotic) agents
- These biotic pathogens can spread from an infected plant or plant debris to a healthy plant.
Environment
- Environment factors are the most complex factor that influences plant diseases that can reduce root disease issues
- Environmental factors that cause stress can increase plant susceptibility
Field Guide on Major Rice Pests, Disease, and Their Management
- The text lists different types of rice pests and diseases affecting rice, such as blast, sheath blight, brown spot, stem rot, sheath rot, bacterial leaf blight, bacterial leaf streak, tungro, grassy and ragged stunt.
- These various types of pests and diseases cause different symptoms, affects different stages of the crop, and thus have different management strategies.
Disease Cycle
- Multiple factors influence the development and severity of plant diseases
- Understanding these factors is key for effective disease management
- Disease cycles often begin with spores landing on leaves, germination, and invasion of host cells.
- Several other factors, like high N fertilizer, dense planting, cool/moist weather, heavy rain/dew influence the severity of the disease.
Disease Management
- Resistant varieties
- Appropriate fertilization technique
- Proper space and bed conditions
- Sanitation
- Using fungicides strategically
- Using insecticides strategically
Specific Diseases
- Each specific disease has different symptoms and susceptible stages (e.g., seedling to tillering, booting to heading, maturity), influencing management strategies .
- Pathogens and factors like high nitrogen, high humidity, rainfall influences the disease severity.
- Management solutions such as removing infected plants or proper field sanitation may be applied depending on the specific disease
- Note the different pest or disease entities, the various symptoms that can result, and the different affected time periods for each type of disease.
- Data on specific pathogen-plant interaction are cited in specific examples.
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