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Questions and Answers

At which temperature is the amylase expected to work the fastest during the experiment?

20°C
40°C
25°C
35°C (correct)

Heterotrophs make their own food from inorganic substances.

False (B)

What happens to the iodine solution when starch is no longer present in the solution?

It remains orange-brown.

Amylase works best at an optimum __________.

pH Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of organisms with their description:

Heterotrophs = Feed on organic substances made by plants Autotrophs = Make their own food from inorganic substances Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary benefit of humans eating plants directly rather than consuming animals that have fed on plants?

Higher energy efficiency (A) Signup and view all the answers

Energy in an ecosystem is constantly cycled and reused.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What essential biological molecules are created using carbon?

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids Signup and view all the answers

The _____ system connects the central nervous system to the rest of the body.

Peripheral Signup and view all the answers

Match the components of the nervous system with their functions:

CNS = Controls body movement and feedback PNS = Connects CNS to organs and limbs Neurons = Transmit electrical impulses Autonomic Nervous System = Regulates involuntary functions Signup and view all the answers

Which process do plants use to pull carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?

Photosynthesis (D) Signup and view all the answers

The same carbon atoms are used repeatedly on Earth.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is one primary role of the peripheral nervous system?

To connect the CNS to organs, limbs, and skin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding food chains?

Food chains must start with a producer. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Herbivores get their energy by eating other animals.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main source of energy for all living things?

The Sun Signup and view all the answers

A __________ is an organism that gets its energy by breaking down dead or waste organic matter.

decomposer Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of consumer with its definition:

Herbivore = An animal that eats plants Carnivore = An animal that consumes other animals Primary consumer = An organism that eats producers Tertiary consumer = An organism that feeds on secondary consumers Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the consequences of human impact on ecosystems?

Long-lasting knock-on effects in food chains (B) Signup and view all the answers

Using antibiotics for viral infections is recommended and safe.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Define an invasive species.

An invasive species is an organism that is not native to a particular area and can disrupt the local ecosystem. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of transpiration in plants?

Cooling the plant and transporting nutrients (D) Signup and view all the answers

Wilting occurs when water uptake exceeds water loss.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the water potential gradient in plant physiology?

It causes water to move from areas of high water potential to areas of low water potential. Signup and view all the answers

Translocation involves the movement of __________ and amino acids in the phloem.

sucrose Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT increase the rate of transpiration?

Decreased air flow (D) Signup and view all the answers

Match the following structures to their primary functions:

Xylem = Transporting water and minerals from roots to leaves Phloem = Transporting sucrose and amino acids from sources to sinks Stomata = Regulating water loss and gas exchange Potometer = Measuring transpiration rates Signup and view all the answers

The circulatory system in fish has a double circulatory system.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What major advantage does a double circulatory system provide over a single circulatory system?

It maintains higher blood pressure and allows for faster blood flow. Signup and view all the answers

Plants lose water vapor mainly through their __________.

stomata Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the transpiration stream?

To move water and dissolved minerals through the plant (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which function is served by the valves in the heart?

To prevent blood from flowing backwards (B) Signup and view all the answers

The left ventricle has a thicker muscle wall than the right ventricle.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of muscle tissue is the heart made of?

Cardiac muscle Signup and view all the answers

Deoxygenated blood enters the heart through the _______.

vena cava Signup and view all the answers

Match the structures of the heart with their functions:

Atria = Receive blood from the body or lungs Ventricles = Pump blood out of the heart Septum = Separates the two sides of the heart Valves = Prevent blood from flowing backwards Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the pulmonary artery?

Carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs (B) Signup and view all the answers

Fish have a double circulatory system.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for lower pressure on the side of the heart that pumps to the lungs?

To prevent capillary bursting during gas exchange. Signup and view all the answers

The left atrium receives blood from the _______.

pulmonary vein Signup and view all the answers

Which valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle?

Bicuspid (mitral) valve (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of antibodies?

To have complementary shapes to the antigens on pathogens (C) Signup and view all the answers

Viruses are considered living organisms.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is herd immunity?

Herd immunity occurs when a large percentage of the population is vaccinated, providing indirect protection to unvaccinated individuals. Signup and view all the answers

The _____ are tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs.

alveoli Signup and view all the answers

Match each part of the gas exchange system with its description:

Alveoli = Site of gas exchange Bronchioles = Small tubes connected to the alveoli Bronchi = Large tubes branching off the trachea Trachea = Windpipe connecting mouth and nose to lungs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes an autoimmune disease?

A condition where the immune system attacks healthy cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

Vaccinations always cause illness in the vaccinated individual.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are memory cells?

Memory cells are long-lasting cells created after the first exposure to a pathogen, allowing for a faster immune response upon re-exposure. Signup and view all the answers

Lymphocytes produce _____ to target specific antigens.

antibodies Signup and view all the answers

Match the antibody function with its description:

Agglutination = Clumping bacteria to reduce spread Opsonization = Signaling phagocytes for ingestion Neutralization = Preventing entry of toxins or viruses Complement Activation = Creating holes in bacterial cell walls Signup and view all the answers

What happens if the vaccination rate drops in a population?

Higher chance of mass infection (D) Signup and view all the answers

Long-term exposure to pathogens can cause a permanent immune response.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of a virus?

A virus consists of genetic material (RNA or DNA) inside a protein coat. Signup and view all the answers

The _____ helps distinguish self from non-self in the immune response.

antigens Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Amylase activity at different temperatures

Measuring how quickly amylase breaks down starch at varying temperatures (e.g., 20°C, 25°C, 30°C, 35°C, 40°C).

Amylase activity at different pH levels

Measuring how quickly amylase breaks down starch at various pH values (e.g., pH 5, pH 6, pH 7, pH 8, pH 9).