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Questions and Answers

At which temperature is the amylase expected to work the fastest during the experiment?

  • 20°C
  • 40°C
  • 25°C
  • 35°C (correct)

    • Heterotrophs make their own food from inorganic substances.

    False

    What happens to the iodine solution when starch is no longer present in the solution?

    It remains orange-brown.

    Amylase works best at an optimum __________.

    <p>pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of organisms with their description:

    <p>Heterotrophs = Feed on organic substances made by plants Autotrophs = Make their own food from inorganic substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary benefit of humans eating plants directly rather than consuming animals that have fed on plants?

    <p>Higher energy efficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Energy in an ecosystem is constantly cycled and reused.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What essential biological molecules are created using carbon?

    <p>Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ system connects the central nervous system to the rest of the body.

    <p>Peripheral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the components of the nervous system with their functions:

    <p>CNS = Controls body movement and feedback PNS = Connects CNS to organs and limbs Neurons = Transmit electrical impulses Autonomic Nervous System = Regulates involuntary functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process do plants use to pull carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The same carbon atoms are used repeatedly on Earth.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one primary role of the peripheral nervous system?

    <p>To connect the CNS to organs, limbs, and skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding food chains?

    <p>Food chains must start with a producer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Herbivores get their energy by eating other animals.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main source of energy for all living things?

    <p>The Sun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A __________ is an organism that gets its energy by breaking down dead or waste organic matter.

    <p>decomposer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of consumer with its definition:

    <p>Herbivore = An animal that eats plants Carnivore = An animal that consumes other animals Primary consumer = An organism that eats producers Tertiary consumer = An organism that feeds on secondary consumers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the consequences of human impact on ecosystems?

    <p>Long-lasting knock-on effects in food chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Using antibiotics for viral infections is recommended and safe.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define an invasive species.

    <p>An invasive species is an organism that is not native to a particular area and can disrupt the local ecosystem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of transpiration in plants?

    <p>Cooling the plant and transporting nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Wilting occurs when water uptake exceeds water loss.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the water potential gradient in plant physiology?

    <p>It causes water to move from areas of high water potential to areas of low water potential.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Translocation involves the movement of __________ and amino acids in the phloem.

    <p>sucrose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT increase the rate of transpiration?

    <p>Decreased air flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following structures to their primary functions:

    <p>Xylem = Transporting water and minerals from roots to leaves Phloem = Transporting sucrose and amino acids from sources to sinks Stomata = Regulating water loss and gas exchange Potometer = Measuring transpiration rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The circulatory system in fish has a double circulatory system.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major advantage does a double circulatory system provide over a single circulatory system?

    <p>It maintains higher blood pressure and allows for faster blood flow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Plants lose water vapor mainly through their __________.

    <p>stomata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the transpiration stream?

    <p>To move water and dissolved minerals through the plant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function is served by the valves in the heart?

    <p>To prevent blood from flowing backwards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The left ventricle has a thicker muscle wall than the right ventricle.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of muscle tissue is the heart made of?

    <p>Cardiac muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Deoxygenated blood enters the heart through the _______.

    <p>vena cava</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the structures of the heart with their functions:

    <p>Atria = Receive blood from the body or lungs Ventricles = Pump blood out of the heart Septum = Separates the two sides of the heart Valves = Prevent blood from flowing backwards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the pulmonary artery?

    <p>Carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fish have a double circulatory system.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for lower pressure on the side of the heart that pumps to the lungs?

    <p>To prevent capillary bursting during gas exchange.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The left atrium receives blood from the _______.

    <p>pulmonary vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle?

    <p>Bicuspid (mitral) valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of antibodies?

    <p>To have complementary shapes to the antigens on pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Viruses are considered living organisms.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is herd immunity?

    <p>Herd immunity occurs when a large percentage of the population is vaccinated, providing indirect protection to unvaccinated individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ are tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs.

    <p>alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each part of the gas exchange system with its description:

    <p>Alveoli = Site of gas exchange Bronchioles = Small tubes connected to the alveoli Bronchi = Large tubes branching off the trachea Trachea = Windpipe connecting mouth and nose to lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes an autoimmune disease?

    <p>A condition where the immune system attacks healthy cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vaccinations always cause illness in the vaccinated individual.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are memory cells?

    <p>Memory cells are long-lasting cells created after the first exposure to a pathogen, allowing for a faster immune response upon re-exposure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lymphocytes produce _____ to target specific antigens.

    <p>antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the antibody function with its description:

    <p>Agglutination = Clumping bacteria to reduce spread Opsonization = Signaling phagocytes for ingestion Neutralization = Preventing entry of toxins or viruses Complement Activation = Creating holes in bacterial cell walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if the vaccination rate drops in a population?

    <p>Higher chance of mass infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Long-term exposure to pathogens can cause a permanent immune response.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of a virus?

    <p>A virus consists of genetic material (RNA or DNA) inside a protein coat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ helps distinguish self from non-self in the immune response.

    <p>antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Biology B1: Characteristics of Living Organisms

    • Movement: an action by an organism or part of an organism changing position
    • Respiration: chemical reactions in living cells breaking down nutrients to release energy. Two types: aerobic and anaerobic.
    • Sensitivity: detecting and responding to stimuli in the internal or external environment
    • Growth: a permanent increase in size or dry mass by an increase in the number of cells, cell size, or both
    • Reproduction: the processes making more of the same kind of organism. Two types: sexual and asexual
    • Excretion: The removal of waste products of metabolism, and toxic materials and substances in excess of requirements from organisms.
    • Nutrition: taking in of materials for energy, growth, and development

    Biology B2.1 Cell Structures

    • All living things are made of cells
    • New cells are produced by the division of existing cells
    • Organelles: Small, organised and specialised structures doing the work of cells
    • Cell Membrane: a thin layer of protein and fat holding cells together and controlling movement of substances in and out
    • Cytoplasm: a jelly-like substance enclosed by the cell membrane where structures are held in place; chemical reactions take place
    • Nucleus: Stores DNA in chromosomes; controls the cell
    • Mitochondria: where aerobic respiration happens, provides energy for the cell
    • Ribosome: tiny structures in the cytoplasm which allow protein synthesis
    • Rough Endoplasmic reticulum: studded with ribosomes; acts as a transport network for proteins
    • Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum: synthesises membrane components and helps detoxify the cell
    • Vacuole: stores cell sap to keep cell turgid, in plant cells
    • Cell Wall: rigid to hold the shape of the cell, strengthens the cell, present in plant cells
    • Chloroplasts: contain chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis(site of photosynthesis). Present in plant cells

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