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Questions and Answers

What is a sentence?

A group of words that expresses a complete thought.

THE_____________ OF A SENTENCE IS THE NOUN OR PRONOUN THAT ANSWERS THE QUESTIONS WHO OR WHAT.

SUBJECT

What does the predicate do?

Tells what the subject is or does.

What are objects in sentence structure?

<p>Nouns that name the things being acted upon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a direct object?

<p>The object that receives the direct action of the verb.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an indirect object?

<p>Answers 'to whom' or 'for whom' after the verb.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a clause?

<p>Part of a sentence that contains a subject and a verb.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an independent clause?

<p>Expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a dependent clause?

<p>A clause that cannot stand alone as a complete sentence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are sentence fragments?

<p>A part of a sentence that is written as if it were a complete sentence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are noun clauses?

<p>Dependent clauses that act as nouns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are adjective clauses?

<p>Dependent clauses that act as adjectives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines simple sentences?

<p>Have only one clause containing a subject and a verb.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are compound sentences?

<p>Sentences that have two independent clauses joined by a conjunction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are coordinate clauses?

<p>Clauses of equal rank and structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are complex sentences?

<p>Sentences that contain both a main clause and one or more subordinate clauses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is subordination?

<p>Act of giving prominence to ideas in the main clause.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a compound-complex sentence?

<p>A sentence that combines elements of both compound and complex sentences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are verbals?

<p>Words that appear to be verbs but are acting as some other part of speech.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are infinitives?

<p>Begin with 'to' and are followed by a verb.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are gerunds?

<p>A noun that is taken from a verb and always ends in '-ing'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are participles?

<p>Words that play the part of adjectives, modifying the subject.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are dangling participles?

<p>Participles that modify no other words in the sentence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a run-on sentence?

<p>Made up of two or more sentences that are incorrectly run together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are comma splices?

<p>Sentences incorrectly written as if they were one sentence, separated by a comma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is parallel structure?

<p>The repetition of words or phrases that have similar grammatical structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is active voice?

<p>Places emphasis on actions and who performed them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is passive voice?

<p>The subject of the sentence receives the action.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are declarative sentences?

<p>A sentence that makes a statement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an interrogative sentence?

<p>A sentence that asks a question.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an imperative sentence?

<p>A sentence that requests or commands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an exclamatory sentence?

<p>A sentence expressing strong feeling, usually punctuated with an exclamation mark.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is diction?

<p>Choice of words.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an idiom?

<p>A common expression that doesn't make sense if taken literally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is idiomatic usage?

<p>The selection and sequence of words to convey meaning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is faulty diction?

<p>Faulty word choice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is wordiness?

<p>Too many words that make the meaning unclear or repetitive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are redundancies?

<p>Meaningless repetitions that result in wordiness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is punctuation?

<p>Marks used to clarify meaning by indicating separation of words.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are apostrophes?

<p>The sign used to indicate omission of letters, the possessive case, or plurals of letters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are commas?

<p>Marks that divide sentences into parts to clarify meaning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are semicolons used for?

<p>To separate related independent clauses or items in a series.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are colons used for?

<p>To introduce a list, add an appositive, or introduce a quotation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are dashes used for?

<p>To mark an abrupt change in thought.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are quotation marks used for?

<p>To enclose direct quotations and titles of shorter works.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of question marks?

<p>To indicate a question.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are exclamation points used for?

<p>To end an exclamatory sentence expressing strong feeling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Sentence Basics

  • A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.
  • The subject is the noun or pronoun that tells who or what the sentence is about.
  • The predicate indicates what the subject does or what is done to it.

Objects

  • Objects are nouns that name things being acted upon in a sentence.
  • A direct object receives the direct action of the verb.
  • An indirect object answers the questions "to whom" or "for whom" after the verb.

Clauses

  • A clause is part of a sentence containing a subject and a verb.
  • An independent clause expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence.
  • A dependent clause cannot stand alone and functions as a noun, adjective, or adverb in a complex sentence.

Sentence Structure

  • Sentence fragments are parts of sentences incorrectly presented as complete sentences.
  • Noun clauses are dependent clauses acting as nouns, beginning with words like that, which, or who.
  • Adjective clauses are dependent clauses functioning as adjectives.
  • Simple sentences contain one clause with a subject and a verb.
  • Compound sentences consist of two independent clauses joined by a conjunction.
  • Coordinate clauses have equal rank and structure.
  • Complex sentences include a main clause and one or more subordinate clauses.
  • Compound-complex sentences combine elements of both compound and complex sentences.

Verbals

  • Verbals are words that appear to be verbs but function as another part of speech.
  • Infinitives begin with "to" followed by a verb.
  • Gerunds are nouns derived from verbs, always ending in "-ing."
  • Participles serve as adjectives, modifying the subject.
  • Dangling participles modify no words in the sentence.

Sentence Mistakes

  • A run-on sentence combines two or more sentences incorrectly.
  • Comma splices incorrectly join sentences with a comma.

Writing Clarity

  • Parallel structure involves repetition of words or phrases with similar grammatical structures.
  • Active voice emphasizes actions and the doers of those actions.
  • Passive voice indicates the subject receives the action.

Sentence Types

  • Declarative sentences make a statement.
  • Interrogative sentences ask a question.
  • Imperative sentences issue requests or commands.
  • Exclamatory sentences express strong feelings and typically end with an exclamation mark.

Diction and Usage

  • Diction refers to choice of words.
  • Idioms are expressions that don't make literal sense.
  • Idiomatic usage involves selecting and sequencing words meaningfully.
  • Faulty diction refers to poor word choice.
  • Wordiness results from excessive wording that obscures meaning.
  • Redundancies are meaningless repetitions causing wordiness.

Punctuation

  • Punctuation clarifies meaning through the separation of words into sentences, clauses, and phrases.
  • Apostrophes indicate omitted letters, possessive cases, or plurals of certain items.
  • Commas divide sentences into parts for clarity.
  • Semicolons separate related independent clauses or complex items in a series.
  • Colons introduce lists, appositives, or quotations in specific contexts.
  • Dashes denote abrupt changes in thought, often defining or explaining terms.
  • Quotation marks indicate direct quotations and titles of certain works.
  • Question marks denote inquiries at the end of sentences.
  • Exclamation points signify exclamations or strong feelings.

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